我正在用Python编写Selenium脚本,但我发现没有找到以下信息:
如何从Selenium Python代码中获取HTTP状态码。
或者是我漏掉了什么。如果有人发现了,请随意发布。
不幸的是,Selenium 没有设计提供这个信息。关于此问题有一个非常冗长的讨论,但简而言之:
我们只能使用以下方法进行处理:
我对Python没有太多经验。这里有一个更详细的Java示例:
https://dev59.com/n2w15IYBdhLWcg3wmc4J#39979509
思路是启用性能日志记录。这会在chromedriver上触发“Network.enable”。然后获取性能日志条目并解析其中的“Network.responseReceived”消息。
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
# enable browser logging
d = DesiredCapabilities.CHROME
d['loggingPrefs'] = { 'performance':'ALL' }
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="c:\\windows\\chromedriver.exe", service_args=["--verbose", "--log-path=D:\\temp3\\chromedriverxx.log"], desired_capabilities=d)
driver.get('https://api.ipify.org/?format=text')
print(driver.title)
print(driver.page_source)
performance_log = driver.get_log('performance')
print (str(performance_log).strip('[]'))
for entry in driver.get_log('performance'):
print (entry)
输出结果将包含您的URL的"Network.responseReceived",以及页面加载时执行的其他请求或重定向URL。您所需做的就是解析日志条目。
'{"message":{"method":"Network.responseReceived","params":{"frameId":"9488.1","loaderId":"9488.1","requestId":"9488.1","response":{"connectionId":14,"connectionReused":false,"encodedDataLength":-1,"fromDiskCache":false,"fromServiceWorker":false,"headers":{"Connection":"keep-alive","Content-Length":"13","Content-Type":"text/plain","Date":"Wed, 12 Oct 2016 06:15:47 GMT","Server":"Cowboy","Via":"1.1 vegur"},"headersText":"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\nServer: Cowboy\\r\\nConnection: keep-alive\\r\\nContent-Type: text/plain\\r\\nDate: Wed, 12 Oct 2016 06:15:47 GMT\\r\\nContent-Length:13\\r\\nVia:1.1vegur\\r\\n\\r\\n","mimeType":"text/plain","protocol":"http/1.1","remoteIPAddress":"54.197.246.207","remotePort":443,"requestHeaders":{"Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8","Accept-Encoding":"gzip, deflate, sdch, br","Accept-Language":"en-GB,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.6","Connection":"keep-alive","Host":"api.ipify.org","Upgrade-Insecure-Requests":"1","User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.143 Safari/537.36"},"requestHeadersText":"GET /?format=text HTTP/1.1\\r\\nHost: api.ipify.org\\r\\nConnection: keep-alive\\r\\nUpgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1\\r\\nUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.143 Safari/537.36\\r\\nAccept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8\\r\\nAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, sdch, br\\r\\nAccept-Language: en-GB,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.6\\r\\n\\r\\n","securityDetails":{"certificateId":1,"certificateValidationDetails":{"numInvalidScts":0,"numUnknownScts":0,"numValidScts":0},"cipher":"AES_128_GCM","keyExchange":"ECDHE_RSA","protocol":"TLS 1.2","signedCertificateTimestampList":[]},"securityState":"secure","status":200,"statusText":"OK","timing":{"connectEnd":320.508999997401,"connectStart":3.08100000256673,"dnsEnd":3.08100000256673,"dnsStart":0,"proxyEnd":-1,"proxyStart":-1,"pushEnd":0,"pushStart":0,"receiveHeadersEnd":465.725000001839,"requestTime":78246.775045,"sendEnd":320.995999994921,"sendStart":320.825999995577,"sslEnd":320.435000001453,"sslStart":141.675999999279,"workerReady":-1,"workerStart":-1},"url":"https://api.ipify.org/?format=text"},"timestamp":78247.242716,"type":"Document"}},"webview":"6e8a3b1d-e5aa-40fb-a695-280cbb0ee420"}'}, {'timestamp': 1476252948094, 'level': 'INFO', 'message': '{"message":{"method":"Network.dataReceived","params":{"dataLength":13,"encodedDataLength":171,"requestId":"9488.1","timestamp":78247.243137}},"webview":"6e8a3b1d-e5aa-40fb-a695-280cbb0ee420"}'}, {'timestamp': 1476252948094, 'level': 'INFO', 'message': '{"message":{"method":"Page.frameNavigated","params":{"frame":{"id":"9488.1","loaderId":"9488.1","mimeType":"text/plain","securityOrigin":"https://api.ipify.org","url":"https://api.ipify.org/?format=text"}}},"webview":"6e8a3b1d-e5aa-40fb-a695-280cbb0ee420"}'}, {'timestamp': 1476252948095, 'level': 'INFO', 'message': '{"message":{"method":"Network.loadingFinished","params":{"encodedDataLength":171,"requestId":"9488.1","timestamp":78247.242066}},"webview":"6e8a3b1d-e5aa-40fb-a695-280cbb0ee420"}'}, {'timestamp': 1476252948115, 'level': 'INFO', 'message': '{"message":{"method":"Page.loadEventFired","params":{"timestamp":78247.264169}},"webview":"6e8a3b1d-e5aa-40fb-a695-280cbb0ee420"}'}, {'timestamp': 1476252948115, 'level': 'INFO', 'message': '{"message":{"method":"Page.frameStoppedLoading","params":{"frameId":"9488.1"}},"webview":"6e8a3b1d-e5aa-40fb-a695-280cbb0ee420"}'}, {'timestamp': 147625298116, 'level': 'INFO', 'message': '{"message":{"method":"Page.domContentEventFired","params":{"timestamp":78247.276475}},"webview":"6e8a3b1d-e5aa-40fb-a695-280cbb0ee420"}'}, {'timestamp': 1476252948122, 'level': 'INFO', 'message': '{"message":{"method":"Network.requestWillBeSent","params":{"documentURL":"https://api.ipify.org/?format=text","frameId":"9488.1","initiator":{"type":"other"},"loaderId":"9488.1","request":{"headers":{"Referer":"https://api.ipify.org/?format=text","User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.143 Safari/537.36"},"initialPriority":"High","method":"GET","mixedContentType":"none","url":"https://api.ipify.org/favicon.ico"},"requestId":"9488.2","timestamp":78247.280131,"type":"Other","wallTime":1476252948.11805}},"webview":"6e8a3b1d-e5aa-40fb-a695-280cbb0ee420"}'}
并从JSON响应中获取"status":200。您还可以解析响应的“headers”。
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: POST /session/4fd2b36a-6c9a-e34d-8e9a-022424c7f36f/log did not match a known command
。 - user305883import json
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver import WebDriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
chromedriver_path = "YOUR/PATH/TO/chromedriver.exe"
url = "https://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/api.html"
capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.CHROME.copy()
capabilities['goog:loggingPrefs'] = {'performance': 'ALL'}
browser = WebDriver(chromedriver_path, desired_capabilities=capabilities)
browser.get(url)
logs = browser.get_log('performance')
选项1: 如果您只想在假设您要获取状态代码的页面存在于包含'text/html'
内容类型的日志中的情况下返回状态代码
def get_status(logs):
for log in logs:
if log['message']:
d = json.loads(log['message'])
try:
content_type = 'text/html' in d['message']['params']['response']['headers']['content-type']
response_received = d['message']['method'] == 'Network.responseReceived'
if content_type and response_received:
return d['message']['params']['response']['status']
except:
pass
使用方法:
>>> get_status(logs)
200
选项 2:如果您想在相关日志中查看所有状态码
def get_status_codes(logs):
statuses = []
for log in logs:
if log['message']:
d = json.loads(log['message'])
if d['message'].get('method') == "Network.responseReceived":
statuses.append(d['message']['params']['response']['status'])
return statuses
使用方法:
>>> get_status_codes(logs)
[200, 200, 200, 200, 200, 200, 200, 200, 200, 200, 200, 200, 200, 200, 200, 200, 200, 200, 200, 200, 200, 200]
注意1:这大部分是基于@Stefan Matei的回答,不过在Chrome版本之间有一些变化,我提供了解析日志的想法。
注意2:['content-type']
不完全可靠。大小写可能会改变。根据您的使用情况进行检查。
通过API似乎可以从日志中获取响应状态码。
from selenium import webdriver
import json
browser = webdriver.PhantomJS()
browser.get('http://www.google.fr')
har = json.loads(browser.get_log('har')[0]['message'])
har['log']['entries'][0]['response']['status']
har['log']['entries'][0]['response']['statusText']
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: log type 'har' not found
的错误信息。 - etayluzcapabilities['loggingPrefs'] = {'har': 'ALL'}
呢? - Marcin Kulikfrom selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
然后你可以创建一个变量 capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX
,现在你可以使用它来修改浏览器的功能。希望能帮到你。这可能作为一个例子:https://github.com/openwisp/docker-openwisp/blob/3cfe866459d146c0b56ffee7abd500962b21442c/tests/runtests.py - atb00kerdriver.get( "http://google.com" )
使用
def goTo( url ):
if "errorPageContainer" in [ elem.get_attribute("id") for elem in driver.find_elements_by_css_selector("body > div") ]:
raise Exception( "this page is an error" )
else:
driver.get( url )
您可以根据实际浏览器中显示的文本进行创意,并获取错误代码。这将根据浏览器进行自定义;上述方法适用于firefox。
唯一可能会出现问题的情况是404(页面不存在),因为许多网站都有自己的错误页面,您需要为每个页面进行自定义。
使用Selenium从URL获取状态码,可以使用JavaScript和XMLHttpRequest
对象。 WebDriver
类有一个execute_async_script()
方法,可以调用它在浏览器中执行JavaScript代码:
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="C:\ChromeDriver\chromedriver.exe")
driver.get('https://stackoverflow.com/')
js = '''
let callback = arguments[0];
let xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open('GET', 'https://stackoverflow.com/', true);
xhr.onload = function () {
if (this.readyState === 4) {
callback(this.status);
}
};
xhr.onerror = function () {
callback('error');
};
xhr.send(null);
'''
status_code = driver.execute_async_script(js)
print(status_code) # 200
driver.close()
关于执行异步脚本(execute_async_script)方法的更多信息。
print browser.get_log('browser')[-1]['message']
同时,有一个名为selenium-wire的Python库。
pip install selenium-wire
它可以让你像这样做:
from seleniumwire import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
url = request.POST.get('https://stackoverflow.com', None)
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get(url)
for request in driver.requests:
if request.response:
print(
request.url,
request.response.status_code,
request.response.headers['Content-Type']
)
import json
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.CHROME
capabilities['goog:loggingPrefs'] = {'performance': 'ALL'}
driver = webdriver.Chrome(desired_capabilities=capabilities)
def get_status_code(url):
for entry in driver.get_log('performance'):
for k, v in entry.items():
if k == 'message' and 'status' in v:
msg = json.loads(v)['message']['params']
for mk, mv in msg.items():
if mk == 'response':
response_url = mv['url']
response_status = mv['status']
if response_url == url:
return response_status
print(get_status_code(driver.current_url))
200
我在这里使用Java,因为我没有太多的Python经验。而且,我不知道如何仅获取HTTP状态码。以下内容将给你整个网络流量,你可以从中捕获状态码。
首先启动你的服务器
selenium.start("captureNetworkTraffic=true");
String traffic = selenium.captureNetworkTraffic("xml");
你也可以得到JSON格式的输出。