Java：动画GIF自动部分透明

Question

我希望使用Java Swing显示一个带有动画GIF的等待对话框，但是GIF显示不正确。 代码示例：

final JDialog progressDialog = new JDialog(new Frame(), "...", true);

URL url =  getClass().getResource("wait.gif");
Icon icon = new ImageIcon(url);
JLabel label = new JLabel(icon);

progressDialog.getContentPane().setBackground(new Color (0, 200, 200));
progressDialog.getContentPane().add(label);
progressDialog.pack();
progressDialog.setVisible(true);

原始GIF在这里：

但是Java的输出看起来像这样：

任何想法是什么出了问题？

- Quark

---

也发布在这里（http://stackoverflow.com/q/36671767/2891664），可能是同样的问题。我无法重现它，但由于我的其他计算机存在硬件问题，我现在被困在Java 6上。和另一个发帖者说的一样，提供一个MCVE非常有帮助。http://stackoverflow.com/help/mcve - Radiodef

另外参考例如https://dev59.com/dFPTa4cB1Zd3GeqPi2d_#4694343。再次强调，MCVE非常有帮助。 - Radiodef

@Radiodef，感谢您的帖子，我没有注意到它（同样的问题，今天...令人难以置信）。 - Quark

@Radiodef https://dev59.com/dFPTa4cB1Zd3GeqPi2d_#4694343 是一个略微不同的问题（透明区域是黑色且为静态GIF）。这里的黑色区域是透明的（而不仅仅是黑色受影响，如果GIF是红色的，"实心红色"也是透明的）。标准的静态GIF可以正确显示，以及动画GIF的第一帧。 - Quark

是的，这很公平；然而，链接的一部分是为了说明MCVE的价值。我无法重现此问题，但我不得不编写自己的程序来测试它，也许您和其他帖子的人（从未发布MCVE）正在做一些不同的事情。如果我仍然无法重现它，MCVE还可以为任何看到您的问题的Swing人节省时间。 - Radiodef

Answer 1

每当你遇到这类问题时，你需要开始尝试调整帧的disposalMethod。

我运行了你的gif文件，并发现disposalMethod被设置为RESTORE_TO_BACKGROUND。

因此，我基本上采取了你的gif文件，并通过以下代码生成了一个新的gif文件，其中disposalMethod为none。

所以你的原始图像在顶部，而“固定”的图像在底部。

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.GraphicsConfiguration;
import java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.awt.image.RenderedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.imageio.IIOException;
import javax.imageio.IIOImage;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.imageio.ImageReader;
import javax.imageio.ImageTypeSpecifier;
import javax.imageio.ImageWriteParam;
import javax.imageio.ImageWriter;
import javax.imageio.metadata.IIOMetadata;
import javax.imageio.metadata.IIOMetadataNode;
import javax.imageio.stream.FileImageOutputStream;
import javax.imageio.stream.ImageInputStream;
import javax.imageio.stream.ImageOutputStream;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;
import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;

public class MirrorImage {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MirrorImage();
    }

    public MirrorImage() {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
                }

                JFrame frame = new JFrame("Testing");
                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
                frame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
                frame.add(new TestPane());
                frame.pack();
                frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
                frame.setVisible(true);
            }
        });
    }

    public class TestPane extends JPanel {

        private ImageIcon orig;
        private ImageIcon mirror;

        public TestPane() {
            mirror(new File("Qzlxj.gif"), new File("Test.gif"));
            orig = new ImageIcon("Qzlxj.gif");
            mirror = new ImageIcon("Test.gif");
        }

        @Override
        public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
            return mirror == null ? new Dimension(200, 200) : new Dimension(orig.getIconWidth(), orig.getIconHeight() * 2);
        }

        @Override
        protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            super.paintComponent(g);
            if (orig != null) {
                Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
                int x = (getWidth() - orig.getIconWidth()) / 2;
                int y = (getHeight() - (orig.getIconHeight() * 2)) / 2;
                g2d.drawImage(orig.getImage(), x, y, this);

//                AffineTransform at = new AffineTransform();
//                at.setToScale(1, -1);
//                at.translate(0, -mirror.getIconHeight());
//                g2d.setTransform(at);
                g2d.drawImage(mirror.getImage(), x, y + mirror.getIconHeight(), this);
                g2d.dispose();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void mirror(File source, File dest) {

        List<BufferedImage> images = new ArrayList<>(25);
        List<Integer> delays = new ArrayList<>(25);
        int delay = 0;

        ImageOutputStream output = null;
        GifSequenceWriter writer = null;

        try {

            String[] imageatt = new String[]{
                "imageLeftPosition",
                "imageTopPosition",
                "imageWidth",
                "imageHeight"
            };

            ImageReader reader = (ImageReader) ImageIO.getImageReadersByFormatName("gif").next();
            ImageInputStream ciis = ImageIO.createImageInputStream(source);
            reader.setInput(ciis, false);
            int noi = reader.getNumImages(true);
            BufferedImage master = null;

            for (int i = 0; i < noi; i++) {

                BufferedImage image = reader.read(i);
                IIOMetadata metadata = reader.getImageMetadata(i);

                Node tree = metadata.getAsTree("javax_imageio_gif_image_1.0");
                NodeList children = tree.getChildNodes();
                for (int j = 0; j < children.getLength(); j++) {
                    Node nodeItem = children.item(j);
                    System.out.println(nodeItem.getNodeName());
                    if (nodeItem.getNodeName().equals("ImageDescriptor")) {
                        Map<String, Integer> imageAttr = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
                        NamedNodeMap attr = nodeItem.getAttributes();
//                        for (int index = 0; index < attr.getLength(); index++) {
//                            Node node = attr.item(index);
//                            System.out.println("----> " + node.getNodeName() + "=" + node.getNodeValue());
//                        }
                        for (int k = 0; k < imageatt.length; k++) {
                            Node attnode = attr.getNamedItem(imageatt[k]);
                            imageAttr.put(imageatt[k], Integer.valueOf(attnode.getNodeValue()));
                        }

                        if (master == null) {
                            master = new BufferedImage(imageAttr.get("imageWidth"), imageAttr.get("imageHeight"), BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
                        }

                        Graphics2D g2d = master.createGraphics();
                        g2d.drawImage(image, imageAttr.get("imageLeftPosition"), imageAttr.get("imageTopPosition"), null);
                        g2d.dispose();

//                        BufferedImage frame = mirror(copyImage(master));
                        BufferedImage frame = copyImage(master);
                        ImageIO.write(frame, "png", new File("img" + i + ".png"));
                        images.add(frame);

                    } else if (nodeItem.getNodeName().equals("GraphicControlExtension")) {
                        NamedNodeMap attr = nodeItem.getAttributes();
                        Node delayNode = attr.getNamedItem("delayTime");
                        if (delayNode != null) {
                            delay = Math.max(delay, Integer.valueOf(delayNode.getNodeValue()));
                            delays.add(delay);
                        }
                    }
                }

            }

            output = new FileImageOutputStream(dest);
            writer = new GifSequenceWriter(output, images.get(0).getType(), delay * 10, true);

            for (int i = 0; i < images.size(); i++) {
                BufferedImage nextImage = images.get(i);
                writer.writeToSequence(nextImage);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                writer.close();
            } catch (Exception e) {
            }
            try {
                output.close();
            } catch (Exception e) {
            }
        }
    }

    public static BufferedImage mirror(BufferedImage img) {

        BufferedImage mirror = createCompatibleImage(img);
        Graphics2D g2d = mirror.createGraphics();
        AffineTransform at = new AffineTransform();
        at.setToScale(1, -1);
        at.translate(0, -img.getHeight());
        g2d.setTransform(at);
        g2d.drawImage(img, 0, 0, null);
        g2d.dispose();

        return mirror;

    }

    public static BufferedImage copyImage(BufferedImage img) {
        int width = img.getWidth();
        int height = img.getHeight();

        BufferedImage newImage = createCompatibleImage(img);
        Graphics graphics = newImage.createGraphics();

        int x = (width - img.getWidth()) / 2;
        int y = (height - img.getHeight()) / 2;

        graphics.drawImage(img, x, y, img.getWidth(), img.getHeight(), null);
        graphics.dispose();

        return newImage;
    }

    public static BufferedImage createCompatibleImage(BufferedImage image) {
        return getGraphicsConfiguration().createCompatibleImage(image.getWidth(), image.getHeight(), image.getTransparency());
    }

    public static GraphicsConfiguration getGraphicsConfiguration() {
        return GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment().getDefaultScreenDevice().getDefaultConfiguration();
    }

    public static class GifSequenceWriter {

        protected ImageWriter gifWriter;
        protected ImageWriteParam imageWriteParam;
        protected IIOMetadata imageMetaData;

        /**
         * Creates a new GifSequenceWriter
         *
         * @param outputStream the ImageOutputStream to be written to
         * @param imageType one of the imageTypes specified in BufferedImage
         * @param timeBetweenFramesMS the time between frames in miliseconds
         * @param loopContinuously wether the gif should loop repeatedly
         * @throws IIOException if no gif ImageWriters are found
         *
         * @author Elliot Kroo (elliot[at]kroo[dot]net)
         */
        public GifSequenceWriter(
                ImageOutputStream outputStream,
                int imageType,
                int timeBetweenFramesMS,
                boolean loopContinuously) throws IIOException, IOException {
            // my method to create a writer
            gifWriter = getWriter();
            imageWriteParam = gifWriter.getDefaultWriteParam();
            ImageTypeSpecifier imageTypeSpecifier
                    = ImageTypeSpecifier.createFromBufferedImageType(imageType);

            imageMetaData
                    = gifWriter.getDefaultImageMetadata(imageTypeSpecifier,
                            imageWriteParam);

            String metaFormatName = imageMetaData.getNativeMetadataFormatName();

            IIOMetadataNode root = (IIOMetadataNode) imageMetaData.getAsTree(metaFormatName);

            IIOMetadataNode graphicsControlExtensionNode = getNode(
                    root,
                    "GraphicControlExtension");

            //restoreToBackgroundColor
            //restoreToPrevious
            graphicsControlExtensionNode.setAttribute("disposalMethod", "none");
            graphicsControlExtensionNode.setAttribute("userInputFlag", "FALSE");
            graphicsControlExtensionNode.setAttribute(
                    "transparentColorFlag",
                    "FALSE");
            graphicsControlExtensionNode.setAttribute(
                    "delayTime",
                    Integer.toString(timeBetweenFramesMS / 10));
            graphicsControlExtensionNode.setAttribute(
                    "transparentColorIndex",
                    "0");

            IIOMetadataNode commentsNode = getNode(root, "CommentExtensions");
            commentsNode.setAttribute("CommentExtension", "Created by MAH");

            IIOMetadataNode appEntensionsNode = getNode(
                    root,
                    "ApplicationExtensions");

            IIOMetadataNode child = new IIOMetadataNode("ApplicationExtension");

            child.setAttribute("applicationID", "NETSCAPE");
            child.setAttribute("authenticationCode", "2.0");

            int loop = loopContinuously ? 0 : 1;

            child.setUserObject(new byte[]{0x1, (byte) (loop & 0xFF), (byte) ((loop >> 8) & 0xFF)});
            appEntensionsNode.appendChild(child);

            imageMetaData.setFromTree(metaFormatName, root);

            gifWriter.setOutput(outputStream);

            gifWriter.prepareWriteSequence(null);
        }

        public void writeToSequence(RenderedImage img) throws IOException {
            gifWriter.writeToSequence(
                    new IIOImage(
                            img,
                            null,
                            imageMetaData),
                    imageWriteParam);
        }

        /**
         * Close this GifSequenceWriter object. This does not close the
         * underlying stream, just finishes off the GIF.
         */
        public void close() throws IOException {
            gifWriter.endWriteSequence();
        }

        /**
         * Returns the first available GIF ImageWriter using
         * ImageIO.getImageWritersBySuffix("gif").
         *
         * @return a GIF ImageWriter object
         * @throws IIOException if no GIF image writers are returned
         */
        private static ImageWriter getWriter() throws IIOException {
            Iterator<ImageWriter> iter = ImageIO.getImageWritersBySuffix("gif");
            if (!iter.hasNext()) {
                throw new IIOException("No GIF Image Writers Exist");
            } else {
                return iter.next();
            }
        }

        /**
         * Returns an existing child node, or creates and returns a new child
         * node (if the requested node does not exist).
         *
         * @param rootNode the <tt>IIOMetadataNode</tt> to search for the child
         * node.
         * @param nodeName the name of the child node.
         *
         * @return the child node, if found or a new node created with the given
         * name.
         */
        private static IIOMetadataNode getNode(
                IIOMetadataNode rootNode,
                String nodeName) {
            int nNodes = rootNode.getLength();
            for (int i = 0; i < nNodes; i++) {
                if (rootNode.item(i).getNodeName().compareToIgnoreCase(nodeName)
                        == 0) {
                    return ((IIOMetadataNode) rootNode.item(i));
                }
            }
            IIOMetadataNode node = new IIOMetadataNode(nodeName);
            rootNode.appendChild(node);
            return (node);
        }
    }
}

最后，这是“fixed” gif

以上内容基于对Java中加载镜像动画gif - ImageIcon的调查。

- MadProgrammer