vcpkg + cmake + visual studio 不起作用

Question

vcpkg + cmake + visual studio 不起作用

c++visual-studiocmakevcpkg

10

我有一个基于cmake的C++项目，使用boost和zmq库。

我试图在Windows上使用Visual Studio Community 2017和vcpkg构建它。

我按照项目页面上的说明安装了vcpkg。

现在我可以看到所需的包已经安装好了：

PS C:\Users\me\source\repos\vcpkg> .\vcpkg list
boost-accumulators:x64-windows                     1.67.0           Boost accumulators module
boost-accumulators:x86-windows                     1.67.0           Boost accumulators module
boost-algorithm:x64-windows                        1.67.0           Boost algorithm module
boost-algorithm:x86-windows                        1.67.0           Boost algorithm module
…
boost-variant:x64-windows                          1.67.0           Boost variant module
boost-variant:x86-windows                          1.67.0           Boost variant module
boost-vcpkg-helpers:x64-windows                    4                a set of vcpkg-internal scripts used to modulari...
boost-vcpkg-helpers:x86-windows                    4                a set of vcpkg-internal scripts used to modulari...
boost-vmd:x64-windows                              1.67.0           Boost vmd module
boost-vmd:x86-windows                              1.67.0           Boost vmd module
boost-wave:x64-windows                             1.67.0           Boost wave module
boost-wave:x86-windows                             1.67.0           Boost wave module
boost-winapi:x64-windows                           1.67.0           Boost winapi module
boost-winapi:x86-windows                           1.67.0           Boost winapi module
boost-xpressive:x64-windows                        1.67.0           Boost xpressive module
boost-xpressive:x86-windows                        1.67.0           Boost xpressive module
boost:x64-windows                                  1.67.0           Peer-reviewed portable C++ source libraries
boost:x86-windows                                  1.67.0           Peer-reviewed portable C++ source libraries
bzip2:x64-windows                                  1.0.6-2          High-quality data compressor.
bzip2:x86-windows                                  1.0.6-2          High-quality data compressor.
liblzma:x64-windows                                5.2.3-2          Compression library with an API similar to that ...
liblzma:x86-windows                                5.2.3-2          Compression library with an API similar to that ...
openssl:x64-windows                                1.0.2o-3         OpenSSL is an open source project that provides ...
openssl:x86-windows                                1.0.2o-3         OpenSSL is an open source project that provides ...
protobuf:x64-windows                               3.5.1-5          Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
protobuf:x86-windows                               3.5.1-5          Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
python3:x64-windows                                3.6.4-2          The Python programming language as an embeddable...
python3:x86-windows                                3.6.4-2          The Python programming language as an embeddable...
zeromq:x64-windows                                 2018-07-01       The ZeroMQ lightweight messaging kernel is a lib...
zeromq:x86-windows                                 2018-07-01       The ZeroMQ lightweight messaging kernel is a lib...
zlib:x64-windows                                   1.2.11-3         A compression library
zlib:x86-windows                                   1.2.11-3         A compression library

我还运行了.\vcpkg integrate install以启用集成：

PS C:\Users\me\source\repos\vcpkg> .\vcpkg integrate install
Applied user-wide integration for this vcpkg root.

All MSBuild C++ projects can now #include any installed libraries.
Linking will be handled automatically.
Installing new libraries will make them instantly available.

CMake projects should use: "-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=C:/Users/me/source/repos/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake"

接下来，Visual Studio可以直接打开CMake项目。唯一需要添加的是工具链文件。所以我进入 CMakeLists.txt -> “更改 CMake 设置”，并为每个目标设置 "cmakeCommandArgs": "-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=C:/Users/me/source/repos/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake"（共有 4 个目标，分别是 debug/release x86/x64）。

但是，当 CMake 重新启动时，从 Visual Studio 的“输出”窗格中可以看到它仍然找不到依赖项：

1> Command line: C:\PROGRAM FILES (X86)\MICROSOFT VISUAL STUDIO\2017\COMMUNITY\COMMON7\IDE\COMMONEXTENSIONS\MICROSOFT\CMAKE\CMake\bin\cmake.exe  -G "Ninja" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH="C:\Users\me\CMakeBuilds\55e700de-d370-f634-bc40-455cedaf329e\install\x86-Debug"  -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER="C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.14.26428/bin/HostX86/x86/cl.exe"  -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER="C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.14.26428/bin/HostX86/x86/cl.exe" -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=C:/Users/me/source/repos/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE="Debug" -DCMAKE_MAKE_PROGRAM="C:\PROGRAM FILES (X86)\MICROSOFT VISUAL STUDIO\2017\COMMUNITY\COMMON7\IDE\COMMONEXTENSIONS\MICROSOFT\CMAKE\Ninja\ninja.exe" "C:\Users\me\Source\Repos\bluezero"
1> Working directory: C:\Users\me\CMakeBuilds\55e700de-d370-f634-bc40-455cedaf329e\build\x86-Debug
1> -- Could NOT find Doxygen (missing: DOXYGEN_EXECUTABLE) 
1> CMake Warning at C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:587 (message):
1>   Imported targets and dependency information not available for Boost version
1>   (all versions older than 1.33)
1> Call Stack (most recent call first):
1>   C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake(950): (_Boost_COMPONENT_DEPENDENCIES)
1>   C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake(1618): (_Boost_MISSING_DEPENDENCIES)
1>   C:\Users\me\Source\Repos\bluezero\CMakeLists.txt(44): (find_package)
1> 
1> 
1> CMake Warning at C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:587 (message):
1>   Imported targets and dependency information not available for Boost version
1>   (all versions older than 1.33)
1> Call Stack (most recent call first):
1>   C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake(950): (_Boost_COMPONENT_DEPENDENCIES)
1>   C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake(1618): (_Boost_MISSING_DEPENDENCIES)
1>   C:\Users\me\Source\Repos\bluezero\CMakeLists.txt(44): (find_package)
1> 
1> 
1> CMake Warning at C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:587 (message):
1>   Imported targets and dependency information not available for Boost version
1>   (all versions older than 1.33)
1> Call Stack (most recent call first):
1>   C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake(950): (_Boost_COMPONENT_DEPENDENCIES)
1>   C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake(1618): (_Boost_MISSING_DEPENDENCIES)
1>   C:\Users\me\Source\Repos\bluezero\CMakeLists.txt(44): (find_package)
1> 
1> 
1> CMake Warning at C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:587 (message):
1>   Imported targets and dependency information not available for Boost version
1>   (all versions older than 1.33)
1> Call Stack (most recent call first):
1>   C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake(950): (_Boost_COMPONENT_DEPENDENCIES)
1>   C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake(1618): (_Boost_MISSING_DEPENDENCIES)
1>   C:\Users\me\Source\Repos\bluezero\CMakeLists.txt(44): (find_package)
1> 
1> 
1> CMake Warning at C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:587 (message):
1>   Imported targets and dependency information not available for Boost version
1>   (all versions older than 1.33)
1> Call Stack (most recent call first):
1>   C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake(950): (_Boost_COMPONENT_DEPENDENCIES)
1>   C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake(1618): (_Boost_MISSING_DEPENDENCIES)
1>   C:\Users\me\Source\Repos\bluezero\CMakeLists.txt(44): (find_package)
1> 
1> 
1> CMake Warning at C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:587 (message):
1>   Imported targets and dependency information not available for Boost version
1>   (all versions older than 1.33)
1> Call Stack (most recent call first):
1>   C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake(950): (_Boost_COMPONENT_DEPENDENCIES)
1>   C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake(1618): (_Boost_MISSING_DEPENDENCIES)
1>   C:\Users\me\Source\Repos\bluezero\CMakeLists.txt(44): (find_package)
1> 
1> 
1> CMake Error at C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:2044 (message):
1>   Unable to find the requested Boost libraries.
1> 
1>   Unable to find the Boost header files.  Please set BOOST_ROOT to the root
1>   directory containing Boost or BOOST_INCLUDEDIR to the directory containing
1>   Boost's headers.
1> Call Stack (most recent call first):
1>   C:\Users\me\Source\Repos\bluezero\CMakeLists.txt(44): (find_package)
1> 
1> 
1> CMake Error at C:\Users\me\Source\Repos\bluezero\CMakeLists.txt:46 (find_package):
1>   Could not find a package configuration file provided by "ZeroMQ" with any
1>   of the following names:
1> 
1>     ZeroMQConfig.cmake
1>     zeromq-config.cmake
1> 
1>   Add the installation prefix of "ZeroMQ" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set
1>   "ZeroMQ_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files.  If "ZeroMQ"
1>   provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has been
1>   installed.
1> 
1> 
1> -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
1> See also "C:/Users/me/CMakeBuilds/55e700de-d370-f634-bc40-455cedaf329e/build/x86-Debug/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".
1> See also "C:/Users/me/CMakeBuilds/55e700de-d370-f634-bc40-455cedaf329e/build/x86-Debug/CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log".
1> C:\PROGRAM FILES (X86)\MICROSOFT VISUAL STUDIO\2017\COMMUNITY\COMMON7\IDE\COMMONEXTENSIONS\MICROSOFT\CMAKE\CMake\bin\cmake.exe  -G "Ninja" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH="C:\Users\me\CMakeBuilds\55e700de-d370-f634-bc40-455cedaf329e\install\x86-Debug"  -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER="C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.14.26428/bin/HostX86/x86/cl.exe"  -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER="C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.14.26428/bin/HostX86/x86/cl.exe" -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=C:/Users/me/source/repos/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE="Debug" -DCMAKE_MAKE_PROGRAM="C:\PROGRAM FILES (X86)\MICROSOFT VISUAL STUDIO\2017\COMMUNITY\COMMON7\IDE\COMMONEXTENSIONS\MICROSOFT\CMAKE\Ninja\ninja.exe" "C:\Users\me\Source\Repos\bluezero" returned with exit code: 1
CMake Warning at C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:587 (message):
  Imported targets and dependency information not available for Boost version
  (all versions older than 1.33)
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:950 (_Boost_COMPONENT_DEPENDENCIES)
  C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:1618 (_Boost_MISSING_DEPENDENCIES)
  CMakeLists.txt:44 (find_package)
CMake Warning at C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:587 (message):
  Imported targets and dependency information not available for Boost version
  (all versions older than 1.33)
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:950 (_Boost_COMPONENT_DEPENDENCIES)
  C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:1618 (_Boost_MISSING_DEPENDENCIES)
  CMakeLists.txt:44 (find_package)
CMake Warning at C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:587 (message):
  Imported targets and dependency information not available for Boost version
  (all versions older than 1.33)
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:950 (_Boost_COMPONENT_DEPENDENCIES)
  C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:1618 (_Boost_MISSING_DEPENDENCIES)
  CMakeLists.txt:44 (find_package)
CMake Warning at C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:587 (message):
  Imported targets and dependency information not available for Boost version
  (all versions older than 1.33)
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:950 (_Boost_COMPONENT_DEPENDENCIES)
  C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:1618 (_Boost_MISSING_DEPENDENCIES)
  CMakeLists.txt:44 (find_package)
CMake Warning at C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:587 (message):
  Imported targets and dependency information not available for Boost version
  (all versions older than 1.33)
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:950 (_Boost_COMPONENT_DEPENDENCIES)
  C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:1618 (_Boost_MISSING_DEPENDENCIES)
  CMakeLists.txt:44 (find_package)
CMake Warning at C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:587 (message):
  Imported targets and dependency information not available for Boost version
  (all versions older than 1.33)
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:950 (_Boost_COMPONENT_DEPENDENCIES)
  C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:1618 (_Boost_MISSING_DEPENDENCIES)
  CMakeLists.txt:44 (find_package)
CMake Error at C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/share/cmake-3.11/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:2044 (message):
  Unable to find the requested Boost libraries.
  Unable to find the Boost header files.  Please set BOOST_ROOT to the root
  directory containing Boost or BOOST_INCLUDEDIR to the directory containing
  Boost's headers.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  CMakeLists.txt:44 (find_package)
CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:46 (find_package):
  Could not find a package configuration file provided by "ZeroMQ" with any
  of the following names:
    ZeroMQConfig.cmake
    zeromq-config.cmake
  Add the installation prefix of "ZeroMQ" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set
  "ZeroMQ_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files.  If "ZeroMQ"
  provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has been
  installed.

特别是命令行：

命令行：C:\PROGRAM FILES (X86)\MICROSOFT VISUAL STUDIO\2017\COMMUNITY\COMMON7\IDE\COMMONEXTENSIONS\MICROSOFT\CMAKE\CMake\bin\cmake.exe -G "Ninja" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH="C:\Users\me\CMakeBuilds\55e700de-d370-f634-bc40-455cedaf329e\install\x86-Debug" -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER="C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.14.26428/bin/HostX86/x86/cl.exe" -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER="C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.14.26428/bin/HostX86/x86/cl.exe" -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=C:/Users/me/source/repos/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE="Debug" -DCMAKE_MAKE_PROGRAM="C:\PROGRAM FILES (X86)\MICROSOFT VISUAL STUDIO\2017\COMMUNITY\COMMON7\IDE\COMMONEXTENSIONS\MICROSOFT\CMAKE\Ninja\ninja.exe" "C:\Users\me\Source\Repos\bluezero"

确实包含了-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=C:/Users/me/source/repos/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake，但显然这还不够。

有关查找依赖项的CMakeLists.txt文件的相关部分如下：

if(WIN32)
    set(CMAKE_WINDOWS_EXPORT_ALL_SYMBOLS ON)
    set(Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS OFF)
    set(Boost_USE_MULTITHREADED ON)
    set(Boost_USE_STATIC_RUNTIME OFF)
    add_definitions(-DBOOST_ALL_NO_LIB)
    add_definitions(-DWIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN)
    add_definitions(-DBOOST_USE_WINDOWS_H)
    add_definitions(-DNOMINMAX)
endif()

find_package(Doxygen)
find_package(Boost 1.54 REQUIRED COMPONENTS thread system regex timer filesystem serialization)
if(WIN32)
find_package(ZeroMQ CONFIG REQUIRED)
else()
find_package(ZMQ 4.1.4 REQUIRED)
endif()
find_package(ZLIB)
find_package(LZ4)

我是否犯了一些明显的错误？

- fferri

以下回答解决了我的问题：https://dev59.com/CW865IYBdhLWcg3wR8eh#3917033 - Michael Armitage

1个回答

网页内容由stack overflow 提供, 点击上面的

可以查看英文原文，
原文链接

- Mohammad f · Accepted Answer

我曾遇到同样的问题，所以我转而使用命令行在Windows上通过VSCode运行项目，它可以完美地运行。对于Visual Studio的问题在于vcpkg安装了32位版本，而Visual Studio正在寻找x64版本的库，因此只需像以下示例一样强制vcpkg安装x64版本即可解决：

vcpkg install <Your library>:x64-windows

您也可以使用以下命令在 Visual Studio Code 中通过命令行运行项目：

cmake . -GNinja -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=<VCPKG installed folder>/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake

之后运行：

ninja

然后运行你的项目。因为这个命令可以工作，但它的等效命令在 Visual Studio 上无法工作，我猜是 Visual Studio 的 bug。