我需要将我的图片转换为Base64字符串,以便将图片发送到服务器。
是否有适用于此的JavaScript文件?否则,我该如何进行转换?
我需要将我的图片转换为Base64字符串,以便将图片发送到服务器。
是否有适用于此的JavaScript文件?否则,我该如何进行转换?
您可以选择多种方法:
通过XMLHttpRequest将图像作为Blob加载,并使用FileReader API (readAsDataURL())将其转换为dataURL:
function toDataURL(url, callback) {
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.onload = function() {
var reader = new FileReader();
reader.onloadend = function() {
callback(reader.result);
}
reader.readAsDataURL(xhr.response);
};
xhr.open('GET', url);
xhr.responseType = 'blob';
xhr.send();
}
toDataURL('https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/d50c83cc0c6523b4d3f6085295c953e0', function(dataUrl) {
console.log('RESULT:', dataUrl)
})
这个代码示例也可以使用 WHATWG fetch API 实现:
const toDataURL = url => fetch(url)
.then(response => response.blob())
.then(blob => new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const reader = new FileReader()
reader.onloadend = () => resolve(reader.result)
reader.onerror = reject
reader.readAsDataURL(blob)
}))
toDataURL('https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/d50c83cc0c6523b4d3f6085295c953e0')
.then(dataUrl => {
console.log('RESULT:', dataUrl)
})
这些方法:
浏览器支持:
提示:要转换本地文件,您可以使用live-server。一旦在包含要转换的图片的文件夹上启动它,在浏览器中打开url并使用开发者控制台即可将图像转换为base64。
将图像加载到Image对象中,将其绘制到一个不受污染的画布上,然后将画布转换回dataURL。
function toDataURL(src, callback, outputFormat) {
var img = new Image();
img.crossOrigin = 'Anonymous';
img.onload = function() {
var canvas = document.createElement('CANVAS');
var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
var dataURL;
canvas.height = this.naturalHeight;
canvas.width = this.naturalWidth;
ctx.drawImage(this, 0, 0);
dataURL = canvas.toDataURL(outputFormat);
callback(dataURL);
};
img.src = src;
if (img.complete || img.complete === undefined) {
img.src = "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw==";
img.src = src;
}
}
toDataURL(
'https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/d50c83cc0c6523b4d3f6085295c953e0',
function(dataUrl) {
console.log('RESULT:', dataUrl)
}
)
支持的输入格式:
image/png
、image/jpeg
、image/jpg
、image/gif
、image/bmp
、image/tiff
、image/x-icon
、image/svg+xml
、image/webp
、image/xxx
支持的输出格式:
image/png
、image/jpeg
、image/webp
(chrome)
浏览器支持:
Internet Explorer 10(Internet Explorer 10 只适用于同源图片)
若想要转换来自用户文件系统的图片,则需要采用不同的方法。使用FileReader API:
function encodeImageFileAsURL(element) {
var file = element.files[0];
var reader = new FileReader();
reader.onloadend = function() {
console.log('RESULT', reader.result)
}
reader.readAsDataURL(file);
}
<input type="file" onchange="encodeImageFileAsURL(this)" />
来自 **** 站点的图片因为跨域资源共享政策被阻止加载:请求的资源没有设置 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' 头信息。因此,来源为 'http://fiddle.jshell.net' 的站点被禁止访问。
- DickieBoy<canvas>
来实现:toDataURL()
方法获取Base64表示的图像(实际上是一个data:
URL,但它包含了Base64编码的图像)。toDataURL
方法是否像xhr一样可以控制诸如done/fail/always
之类的回调函数? - Jeroen Oomsreader.readAsDataURL
,使用canvas来获取base64可能会增加更多的数据,因为在使用toDataURL时,您可能还会失去所有图像压缩。除非您希望每个图像都被转换为特定格式。当您使用canvas时,您也会失去所有元数据,例如:EXIF、旋转、相机、地理位置等。 - Endless这段代码可以将你的字符串、图片甚至视频文件转换成Base64编码的字符串数据。
<input id="inputFileToLoad" type="file" onchange="encodeImageFileAsURL();" />
<div id="imgTest"></div>
<script type='text/javascript'>
function encodeImageFileAsURL() {
var filesSelected = document.getElementById("inputFileToLoad").files;
if (filesSelected.length > 0) {
var fileToLoad = filesSelected[0];
var fileReader = new FileReader();
fileReader.onload = function(fileLoadedEvent) {
var srcData = fileLoadedEvent.target.result; // <--- data: base64
var newImage = document.createElement('img');
newImage.src = srcData;
document.getElementById("imgTest").innerHTML = newImage.outerHTML;
alert("Converted Base64 version is " + document.getElementById("imgTest").innerHTML);
console.log("Converted Base64 version is " + document.getElementById("imgTest").innerHTML);
}
fileReader.readAsDataURL(fileToLoad);
}
}
</script>
基本上,如果您的图像是
<img id='Img1' src='someurl'>
然后您可以像这样进行转换:
var c = document.createElement('canvas');
var img = document.getElementById('Img1');
c.height = img.naturalHeight;
c.width = img.naturalWidth;
var ctx = c.getContext('2d');
ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, c.width, c.height);
var base64String = c.toDataURL();
<img id='Img1' src='someurl' crossorigin='anonymous'>
。 - Mike这是我所做的:
// Author James Harrington 2014
function base64(file, callback){
var coolFile = {};
function readerOnload(e){
var base64 = btoa(e.target.result);
coolFile.base64 = base64;
callback(coolFile)
};
var reader = new FileReader();
reader.onload = readerOnload;
var file = file[0].files[0];
coolFile.filetype = file.type;
coolFile.size = file.size;
coolFile.filename = file.name;
reader.readAsBinaryString(file);
}
这是使用它的方法
base64( $('input[type="file"]'), function(data){
console.log(data.base64)
})
我发现最安全可靠的方法是使用FileReader()
。
示例:图像转Base64
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
</head>
<body>
<input id="myinput" type="file" onchange="encode();" />
<div id="dummy">
</div>
<div>
<textarea style="width:100%;height:500px;" id="txt">
</textarea>
</div>
<script>
function encode() {
var selectedfile = document.getElementById("myinput").files;
if (selectedfile.length > 0) {
var imageFile = selectedfile[0];
var fileReader = new FileReader();
fileReader.onload = function(fileLoadedEvent) {
var srcData = fileLoadedEvent.target.result;
var newImage = document.createElement('img');
newImage.src = srcData;
document.getElementById("dummy").innerHTML = newImage.outerHTML;
document.getElementById("txt").value = document.getElementById("dummy").innerHTML;
}
fileReader.readAsDataURL(imageFile);
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
更新 - 为@AnniekJ请求添加注释的相同代码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
</head>
<body>
<input id="myinput" type="file" onchange="encode();" />
<div id="dummy">
</div>
<div>
<textarea style="width:100%;height:500px;" id="txt">
</textarea>
</div>
<script>
function encode() {
// Get the file objects that was selected by the user from myinput - a file picker control
var selectedfile = document.getElementById("myinput").files;
// Check that the user actually selected file/s from the "file picker" control
// Note - selectedfile is an array, hence we check it`s length, when length of the array
// is bigger than 0 than it means the array containes file objects
if (selectedfile.length > 0) {
// Set the first file object inside the array to this variable
// Note: if multiple files are selected we can itterate on all of the selectedfile array using a for loop - BUT in order to not make this example complicated we only take the first file object that was selected
var imageFile = selectedfile[0];
// Set a filereader object to asynchronously read the contents of files (or raw data buffers) stored on the user's computer, using File or Blob objects to specify the file or data to read.
var fileReader = new FileReader();
// We declare an event of the fileReader class (onload event) and we register an anonimous function that will be executed when the event is raised. it is "trick" we preapare in order for the onload event to be raised after the last line of this code will be executed (fileReader.readAsDataURL(imageFile);) - please read about events in javascript if you are not familiar with "Events"
fileReader.onload = function(fileLoadedEvent) {
// AT THIS STAGE THE EVENT WAS RAISED
// Here we are getting the file contents - basiccaly the base64 mapping
var srcData = fileLoadedEvent.target.result;
// We create an image html element dinamically in order to display the image
var newImage = document.createElement('img');
// We set the source of the image we created
newImage.src = srcData;
// ANOTHER TRICK TO EXTRACT THE BASE64 STRING
// We set the outer html of the new image to the div element
document.getElementById("dummy").innerHTML = newImage.outerHTML;
// Then we take the inner html of the div and we have the base64 string
document.getElementById("txt").value = document.getElementById("dummy").innerHTML;
}
// This line will raise the fileReader.onload event - note we are passing the file object here as an argument to the function of the event
fileReader.readAsDataURL(imageFile);
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
function getBase64 (file, callback) {
const reader = new FileReader();
reader.addEventListener('load', () => callback(reader.result));
reader.readAsDataURL(file);
}
使用示例:
getBase64(fileObjectFromInput, function(base64Data){
console.log("Base64 of file is", base64Data); // Here you can have your code which uses Base64 for its operation, // file to Base64 by oneshubh
});
reader.readAsArrayBuffer(file)
,它会给你一个字节数组。如果您正在使用Java,则可以在那里将base64转换为字节数组,请参考以下示例:https://dev59.com/aVgQ5IYBdhLWcg3w-o1w - Shubham我最终使用了一个返回Promise的function
。
const getImg64 = async() => {
const convertImgToBase64URL = (url) => {
console.log(url)
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const img = new Image();
img.crossOrigin = 'Anonymous';
img.onload = () => {
let canvas = document.createElement('CANVAS')
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d')
canvas.height = img.height;
canvas.width = img.width;
ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0);
const dataURL = canvas.toDataURL();
canvas = null;
resolve(dataURL)
}
img.src = url;
})
}
//for the demonstration purposes I used proxy server to avoid cross origin error
const proxyUrl = 'https://cors-anywhere.herokuapp.com/'
const image = await convertImgToBase64URL(proxyUrl+'https://image.shutterstock.com/image-vector/vector-line-icon-hello-wave-260nw-1521867944.jpg')
console.log(image)
}
getImg64()
你可以在任何异步函数中使用这种方法。然后,你只需要await
转换后的图像并继续执行指令。
这里是使用JavaScript Promise的方法。
const getBase64 = (file) => new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
let reader = new FileReader();
reader.readAsDataURL(file);
reader.onload = () => resolve(reader.result)
reader.onerror = (error) => reject('Error: ', error);
})
const _changeImg = (e) => {
const file = e.target.files[0];
let encoded;
getBase64(file)
.then((result) => {
encoded = result;
})
.catch(e => console.log(e))
}
URL.createObjectURL(file)
。 - EndlessuploadProfile(e) {
let file = e.target.files[0];
let reader = new FileReader();
reader.onloadend = function() {
console.log('RESULT', reader.result)
}
reader.readAsDataURL(file);
}