简短的回答是
os.system不知道在哪里找到
firefox.exe。
一种可能的解决方案是使用完整路径。建议使用
subprocess模块：
import subprocess
subprocess.call(['C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe'])
注意在firefox.exe之前要加上\\！如果你使用\f，Python会将其解释为换页符：
>>> print('C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe')
C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox
irefox.exe
当然，该路径不存在。 :-)
因此，要么转义反斜杠，要么使用原始字符串：
>>> print('C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe')
C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe
>>> print(r'C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe')
C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe
请注意，使用
os.system或
subprocess.call将会阻止当前应用程序，直到启动的程序完成。因此，您可能希望使用
subprocess.Popen代替。这将启动外部程序，然后继续脚本的执行。
subprocess.Popen(['C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe', '-new-tab'])
这将打开Firefox（或在运行的实例中创建一个新选项卡）。
更完整的示例是我通过github发布的open实用程序。该程序使用正则表达式将文件扩展名与要打开这些文件的程序匹配。然后，它使用subprocess.Popen在适当的程序中打开这些文件。为了参考，我在下面添加了当前版本的完整代码。
请注意，此程序是针对类UNIX操作系统编写的。在ms-windows上，您可能可以从注册表中获取文件类型的应用程序。
"""Opens the file(s) given on the command line in the appropriate program.
Some of the programs are X11 programs."""
from os.path import isdir, isfile
from re import search, IGNORECASE
from subprocess import Popen, check_output, CalledProcessError
from sys import argv
import argparse
import logging
__version__ = '1.3.0'
filetypes = {
'\.(pdf|epub)$': ['mupdf'],
'\.html$': ['chrome', '--incognito'],
'\.xcf$': ['gimp'],
'\.e?ps$': ['gv'],
'\.(jpe?g|png|gif|tiff?|p[abgp]m|svg)$': ['gpicview'],
'\.(pax|cpio|zip|jar|ar|xar|rpm|7z)$': ['tar', 'tf'],
'\.(tar\.|t)(z|gz|bz2?|xz)$': ['tar', 'tf'],
'\.(mp4|mkv|avi|flv|mpg|movi?|m4v|webm)$': ['mpv']
}
othertypes = {'dir': ['rox'], 'txt': ['gvim', '--nofork']}
def main(argv):
"""Entry point for this script.
Arguments:
argv: command line arguments; list of strings.
"""
if argv[0].endswith(('open', 'open.py')):
del argv[0]
opts = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='open', description=__doc__)
opts.add_argument('-v', '--version', action='version',
version=__version__)
opts.add_argument('-a', '--application', help='application to use')
opts.add_argument('--log', default='warning',
choices=['debug', 'info', 'warning', 'error'],
help="logging level (defaults to 'warning')")
opts.add_argument("files", metavar='file', nargs='*',
help="one or more files to process")
args = opts.parse_args(argv)
logging.basicConfig(level=getattr(logging, args.log.upper(), None),
format='%(levelname)s: %(message)s')
logging.info('command line arguments = {}'.format(argv))
logging.info('parsed arguments = {}'.format(args))
fail = "opening '{}' failed: {}"
for nm in args.files:
logging.info("Trying '{}'".format(nm))
if not args.application:
if isdir(nm):
cmds = othertypes['dir'] + [nm]
elif isfile(nm):
cmds = matchfile(filetypes, othertypes, nm)
else:
cmds = None
else:
cmds = [args.application, nm]
if not cmds:
logging.warning("do not know how to open '{}'".format(nm))
continue
try:
Popen(cmds)
except OSError as e:
logging.error(fail.format(nm, e))
else:
if args.application:
try:
Popen([args.application])
except OSError as e:
logging.error(fail.format(args.application, e))
def matchfile(fdict, odict, fname):
"""For the given filename, returns the matching program. It uses the `file`
utility commonly available on UNIX.
Arguments:
fdict: Handlers for files. A dictionary of regex:(commands)
representing the file type and the action that is to be taken for
opening one.
odict: Handlers for other types. A dictionary of str:(arguments).
fname: A string containing the name of the file to be opened.
Returns: A list of commands for subprocess.Popen.
"""
for k, v in fdict.items():
if search(k, fname, IGNORECASE) is not None:
return v + [fname]
try:
if b'text' in check_output(['file', fname]):
return odict['txt'] + [fname]
except CalledProcessError:
logging.warning("the command 'file {}' failed.".format(fname))
return None
if __name__ == '__main__':
main(argv)
firefox.exe的位置。 - fsp