我尝试了其他方法，但没有成功。我想分享一下我用于一次性丢弃脚本的方法。它使用自动回复程序在提示框中输入密码。然后我立即使所有密码过期，这样用户就有机会选择自己的密码。这不是最安全的方法，但根据您的使用情况，可能会有用。
from collections import namedtuple
from getpass import getpass
import hashlib
from invoke import Responder
import uuid
from fabric import Connection, Config
User = namedtuple('UserRecord', ('name', 'password'))
def set_passwords(conn, user):
print(f'Setting password for user, {user.name}')
responder = Responder(
pattern=r'(?:Enter|Retype) new UNIX password:',
response=f'{user.password}\n',
)
result = conn.sudo(f'passwd {user.name}', warn=True, hide='both',
user='root', pty=True, watchers = [responder])
if result.exited is not 0:
print(f'Error, could not set password for user, "{user.name}". command: '
f'{result.command}; exit code: {result.exited}; stderr: '
f'{result.stderr}')
else:
print(f'Successfully set password for {user.name}')
def expire_passwords(conn, user):
print(f'Expiring password for user, {user.name}')
cmd = f'passwd --expire {user.name}'
result = conn.sudo(cmd, warn=True, user='root')
if result.exited is not 0:
print(f'Error, could not expire password for user, "{user.name}". '
f'command: {result.command}; exit code: {result.exited}; stderr: '
f'{result.stderr}')
else:
print(f'Successfully expired password for {user.name}')
def gen_password(seed_string):
seed_str_enc = seed_string.encode(encoding='UTF-8')
uuid_obj = uuid.UUID(int=int(hashlib.md5(seed_str_enc).hexdigest(), 16))
return str(uuid_obj)[:8]
def some_function_that_returns_something_secret(conn):
return f'dummy-seed-{conn}'
sudo_pass = getpass('Enter your sudo password:')
config = Config(overrides={'sudo': {'password': sudo_pass}})
with Connection('vm', config=config) as vm_conn:
print(f'Making a new connection to {vm_conn.host}.')
seed = some_function_that_returns_something_secret(vm_conn)
user_record = User(name='linux_user', password=gen_password(seed))
set_passwords(vm_conn, user_record)
expire_passwords(vm_conn, user_record)
print(f'Done! Disconnecting from {vm_conn.host}.')
print(user_record)
usermod -p的参数是“由crypt（3）返回的加密密码”，使用SHA-512而不是明文。在usermod页面中的警告相当于说“您将在进程表中短暂地放置/etc/shadow的（通常隐藏的）哈希内容”，这取决于您的安全要求，可能并不会全部暴露。 - msw