Grunt监听警告：EPERM，操作不允许。

Question

我在使用gruntjs和grunt-contrib-watch插件时遇到了一个非常烦人的问题。在一段时间后，我无法定义具体时间，可能是半个小时或两个小时的工作（这是随机的），控制台会报出以下错误：

Running "watch" task
Waiting...Warning: EPERM, operation not permitted 'C:\dev\project\app\index.html~RF97bf99.TMP'

它重复大约50次，然后是这个：

Warning: An error occurred while processing a template (An error occurred while processing a templat
e (Maximum call stack size exceeded).).
Warning: An error occurred while processing a template (An error occurred while processing a templat
e (An error occurred while processing a template (Maximum call stack size exceeded).).).
Warning: An error occurred while processing a template (An error occurred while processing a templat
e (An error occurred while processing a template (An error occurred while processing a template (Max
imum call stack size exceeded).).).).
Warning: An error occurred while processing a template (An error occurred while processing a templat
e (An error occurred while processing a template (An error occurred while processing a template (An
error occurred while processing a template (Maximum call stack size exceeded).).).).).

我的Gruntfile.js：

'use strict';

module.exports = function (grunt) {

    // Load all grunt tasks
    require('load-grunt-tasks')(grunt);
    // Show elapsed time at the end
    require('time-grunt')(grunt);

    grunt.initConfig({
        // Project settings
        project: {
            app: 'app',
            dist: 'dist'
        },
        bootstrap: {
            src: 'bower_components/sass-bootstrap',
            pkg: grunt.file.readJSON('bower_components/sass-bootstrap/package.json'),
            banner: '/*!\n' +
                    ' * Bootstrap v<%= bootstrap.pkg.version %> by @fat and @mdo\n' +
                    ' * Copyright <%= grunt.template.today("yyyy") %> <%= bootstrap.pkg.author %>\n' +
                    ' * Licensed under <%= _.pluck(bootstrap.pkg.licenses, "url").join(", ") %>\n' +
                    ' *\n' +
                    ' * Designed and built with all the love in the world by @mdo and @fat.\n' +
                    ' */\n\n',
            jqueryCheck: 'if (typeof jQuery === "undefined") { throw new Error("Bootstrap requires jQuery") }\n\n'
        },
        watch: {
            sass: {
                files: ['<%= project.app %>/sass/{,*/}*.scss'],
                tasks: ['sass:dev', 'autoprefixer'],
                options: {
                    spawn: false,
                    livereload: true
                },
            },
            js: {
                files: [
                    '<%= project.app %>/js/{,*/}*.js',
                    '!<%= project.app %>/js/vendor/{,*/}*.js',
                    '!<%= project.app %>/js/plugins/{,*/}*.js'
                ],
                options: {
                    livereload: true
                }
            },
            livereload: {
                options: {
                    livereload: '<%= connect.options.livereload %>'
                },
                files: [
                    '<%= project.app %>/{,*/}*.html',
                    '<%= project.app %>/css/{,*/}*.css',
                    '<%= project.app %>/images/{,*/}*.{gif,jpeg,jpg,png,svg,webp}'
                ]
            }
        },
        connect: {
            options: {
                port: 9000,
                livereload: 35729,
                // Change this to '0.0.0.0' to access the server from outside
                hostname: 'localhost'
            },
            livereload: {
                options: {
                    open: true,
                    base: '<%= project.app %>'
                }
            },
            dist: {
                options: {
                    open: true,
                    base: '<%= project.dist %>',
                    livereload: false
                }
            }
        },
        sass: {
            options: {
                includePaths: ['<%= bootstrap.src %>/lib/']
            },
            dev: {
                files: {
                    '<%= project.app %>/css/app.css': '<%= project.app %>/sass/app.scss'
                }
            },
            dist: {
                files: {
                    '<%= project.app %>/css/app.css': '<%= project.app %>/sass/app.scss'
                }
            }
        },
        autoprefixer: {
            options: {
                browsers: ['last 2 version']
            },
            dist: {
                files: [{
                    expand: true,
                    cwd: '<%= project.app %>/css/',
                    src: '{,*/}*.css',
                    dest: '<%= project.app %>/css/'
                }]
            }
        },
        concat: {
            options: {
                nonull: true,
                separator: '\n\n'
            },
            bootstrap: {
                options: {
                    banner: '<%= bootstrap.banner %><%= bootstrap.jqueryCheck %>'
                },
                src: [
                    '<%= bootstrap.src %>/js/transition.js',
                    // '<%= bootstrap.src %>/js/alert.js',
                    // '<%= bootstrap.src %>/js/button.js',
                    // '<%= bootstrap.src %>/js/carousel.js',
                    '<%= bootstrap.src %>/js/collapse.js',
                    '<%= bootstrap.src %>/js/dropdown.js',
                    // '<%= bootstrap.src %>/js/modal.js',
                    // '<%= bootstrap.src %>/js/tooltip.js',
                    // '<%= bootstrap.src %>/js/popover.js',
                    // '<%= bootstrap.src %>/js/scrollspy.js',
                    // '<%= bootstrap.src %>/js/tab.js',
                    // '<%= bootstrap.src %>/js/affix.js'
                ],
                dest: '<%= project.app %>/js/plugins/bootstrap.js'
            },
            plugins: {
                files: {
                    '<%= project.app %>/js/plugins.js': ['<%= project.app %>/js/plugins/bootstrap.min.js', '<%= project.app %>/js/plugins/*.min.js']
                }
            }
        },
        uglify: {
            bootstrap: {
                options: {
                    banner: '<%= bootstrap.banner %>'
                },
                files: {
                    '<%= project.app %>/js/plugins/bootstrap.min.js': '<%= concat.bootstrap.dest %>'
                }
            },
            all: {
                options: {
                    preserveComments: 'some',
                    report: 'min'
                },
                files: [{
                    expand: true,
                    cwd: '<%= project.app %>/js/',
                    src: ['*.js', '!plugins.js'],
                    ext: '.min.js',
                    dest: '<%= project.app %>/js/'
                }]
            }
        },
        cssmin: {
            options: {
                report: 'min'
            },
            dist: {
                expand: true,
                cwd: '<%= project.app %>/css/',
                src: ['*.css', '!*.min.css'],
                dest: '<%= cssmin.dist.cwd %>',
                ext: '.min.css'
            }
        },
        imagemin: {
            dist: {
                files: [{
                    expand: true,
                    cwd: '<%= project.app %>/img',
                    src: ['{,*/}*.{gif,jpeg,jpg,png}'],
                    dest: '<%= project.dist %>/img'
                }]
            }
        }
    });

    // Register tasks
    // ==================================================

    // Run local server
    grunt.registerTask('serve', function (target) {
        if (target === 'dist') {
            return grunt.task.run(['build', 'connect:dist:keepalive']);
        }

        grunt.task.run([
            'connect:livereload',
            'watch'
        ]);
    });

    // Build JS
    grunt.registerTask('build-js', [
        'concat:bootstrap',
        'uglify',
        'concat:plugins'
    ]);

    // Build CSS
    grunt.registerTask('build-css', [
        'sass:dist',
        'autoprefixer',
        'cssmin'
    ]);

    // Minify images
    grunt.registerTask('test', ['imagemin']);

    // grunt.registerTask('default', ['']);

};

包含所有依赖项已经更新的 package.json 文件：

{
  "name": "project",
  "version": "0.0.0",
  "dependencies": {},
  "devDependencies": {
    "load-grunt-tasks": "~0.2.1",
    "time-grunt": "~0.2.6",
    "grunt": "~0.4.2",
    "grunt-contrib-watch": "~0.5.3",
    "grunt-contrib-connect": "~0.6.0",
    "grunt-autoprefixer": "~0.6.3",
    "grunt-contrib-concat": "~0.3.0",
    "grunt-contrib-uglify": "~0.2.7",
    "grunt-contrib-cssmin": "~0.7.0",
    "grunt-sass": "~0.9.0",
    "jpegtran-bin": "~0.2.0",
    "grunt-contrib-imagemin": "~0.4.0"
  }
}

我使用的是Windows 7 32位系统，gruntjs版本为0.4.2，nodejs版本为v0.10.22。你们有什么想法可能引起这个问题？我应该怎样解决？非常感谢。

- Indy

Answer 1

我遇到了类似的问题“EPERM，操作不允许……”，原因是我没有以管理员模式打开CMD（命令提示符）。 因此，请右键单击CMD并选择以管理员身份运行。 这解决了我的错误。

- i.Learn

---

我在Linux Mint上遇到了同样的问题。使用sudo运行grunt任务可以解决问题。 - SpazzMarticus

这应该是被接受的答案，对我很有效并解决了我的问题。谢谢。 - O'Mutt

事实证明，如果文件权限为rwx---r-x且管理员是组所有者，则无论您是否是管理员，Grunt都会拒绝您的访问。 - user3338098

仅仅以超级用户权限运行任何出现错误的程序都是灾难的开始。 - vpzomtrrfrt

Answer 2

我对这个问题不太熟悉，但我认为它可能与您在Gruntfile.js上使用通配符的方式有关。一位同事曾经抱怨他的watch任务运行时间惊人地长，每次需要3-4分钟。他当时使用的语法是：

/css/{,*/}*.css

我没有遇到这个问题，所以在让他的Gruntfile.js更像我的时候，我们发现使用：

/css/**/*.css

他解决了整个问题！他的所有任务都在不到10秒内运行。

我已经对你的Gruntfile.js进行了更改，你可能想使用diff工具比较我的版本和你的版本，看看有什么变化。

我还强烈建议使用jshint来检查你项目中的JavaScript代码，特别是Gruntfile.js和任何与Grunt相关的重要配置文件，你可能已经从你的Gruntfile.js中分离出来了。 这里有一个例子（在同一项目中查找更多详细信息）。

'use strict';

module.exports = function (grunt) {

    // Load all grunt tasks
    require('load-grunt-tasks')(grunt);
    // Show elapsed time at the end
    require('time-grunt')(grunt);

    grunt.initConfig({
        // Project settings
        project: {
            app: 'app',
            dist: 'dist'
        },
        bootstrap: {
            src: 'bower_components/sass-bootstrap',
            pkg: grunt.file.readJSON('bower_components/sass-bootstrap/package.json'),
            banner: '/*!\n' +
                    ' * Bootstrap v<%= bootstrap.pkg.version %> by @fat and @mdo\n' +
                    ' * Copyright <%= grunt.template.today("yyyy") %> <%= bootstrap.pkg.author %>\n' +
                    ' * Licensed under <%= _.pluck(bootstrap.pkg.licenses, "url").join(", ") %>\n' +
                    ' *\n' +
                    ' * Designed and built with all the love in the world by @mdo and @fat.\n' +
                    ' */\n\n',
            jqueryCheck: 'if (typeof jQuery === "undefined") { throw new Error("Bootstrap requires jQuery") }\n\n'
        },
        watch: {
            sass: {
                files: ['<%= project.app %>/sass/**/*.scss'],
                tasks: ['sass:dev', 'autoprefixer'],
                options: {
                    spawn: false,
                    livereload: true
                },
            },
            js: {
                files: [
                    '<%= project.app %>/js/**/*.js',
                    '!<%= project.app %>/js/vendor/**/*.js',
                    '!<%= project.app %>/js/plugins/**/*.js'
                ],
                options: {
                    livereload: true
                }
            },
            livereload: {
                options: {
                    livereload: '<%= connect.options.livereload %>'
                },
                files: [
                    '<%= project.app %>/**/*.html',
                    '<%= project.app %>/css/**/*.css',
                    '<%= project.app %>/images/**/*.{gif,jpeg,jpg,png,svg,webp}'
                ]
            }
        },
        connect: {
            options: {
                port: 9000,
                livereload: 35729,
                // Change this to '0.0.0.0' to access the server from outside
                hostname: 'localhost'
            },
            livereload: {
                options: {
                    open: true,
                    base: '<%= project.app %>'
                }
            },
            dist: {
                options: {
                    open: true,
                    base: '<%= project.dist %>',
                    livereload: false
                }
            }
        },
        sass: {
            options: {
                includePaths: ['<%= bootstrap.src %>/lib/']
            },
            dev: {
                files: {
                    '<%= project.app %>/css/app.css': '<%= project.app %>/sass/app.scss'
                }
            },
            dist: {
                files: {
                    '<%= project.app %>/css/app.css': '<%= project.app %>/sass/app.scss'
                }
            }
        },
        autoprefixer: {
            options: {
                browsers: ['last 2 version']
            },
            dist: {
                files: [{
                    expand: true,
                    cwd: '<%= project.app %>/css',
                    src: '/**/*.css',
                    dest: '<%= project.app %>/css'
                }]
            }
        },
        concat: {
            options: {
                nonull: true,
                separator: '\n\n'
            },
            bootstrap: {
                options: {
                    banner: '<%= bootstrap.banner %><%= bootstrap.jqueryCheck %>'
                },
                src: [
                    '<%= bootstrap.src %>/js/transition.js',
                    // '<%= bootstrap.src %>/js/alert.js',
                    // '<%= bootstrap.src %>/js/button.js',
                    // '<%= bootstrap.src %>/js/carousel.js',
                    '<%= bootstrap.src %>/js/collapse.js',
                    '<%= bootstrap.src %>/js/dropdown.js'
                    // '<%= bootstrap.src %>/js/modal.js',
                    // '<%= bootstrap.src %>/js/tooltip.js',
                    // '<%= bootstrap.src %>/js/popover.js',
                    // '<%= bootstrap.src %>/js/scrollspy.js',
                    // '<%= bootstrap.src %>/js/tab.js',
                    // '<%= bootstrap.src %>/js/affix.js'
                ],
                dest: '<%= project.app %>/js/plugins/bootstrap.js'
            },
            plugins: {
                files: {
                    '<%= project.app %>/js/plugins.js': ['<%= project.app %>/js/plugins/bootstrap.min.js', '<%= project.app %>/js/plugins/*.min.js']
                }
            }
        },
        uglify: {
            bootstrap: {
                options: {
                    banner: '<%= bootstrap.banner %>'
                },
                files: {
                    '<%= project.app %>/js/plugins/bootstrap.min.js': '<%= concat.bootstrap.dest %>'
                }
            },
            all: {
                options: {
                    preserveComments: 'some',
                    report: 'min'
                },
                files: [{
                    expand: true,
                    cwd: '<%= project.app %>/js/',
                    src: ['*.js', '!plugins.js'],
                    ext: '.min.js',
                    dest: '<%= project.app %>/js/'
                }]
            }
        },
        cssmin: {
            options: {
                report: 'min'
            },
            dist: {
                expand: true,
                cwd: '<%= project.app %>/css/',
                src: ['*.css', '!*.min.css'],
                dest: '<%= cssmin.dist.cwd %>',
                ext: '.min.css'
            }
        },
        imagemin: {
            dist: {
                files: [{
                    expand: true,
                    cwd: '<%= project.app %>/img',
                    src: ['/**/*.{gif,jpeg,jpg,png}'],
                    dest: '<%= project.dist %>/img'
                }]
            }
        }
    });

    // Register tasks
    // ==================================================

    // Run local server
    grunt.registerTask('serve', function (target) {
        if (target === 'dist') {
            return grunt.task.run(['build', 'connect:dist:keepalive']);
        }

        grunt.task.run([
            'connect:livereload',
            'watch'
        ]);
    });

    // Build JS
    grunt.registerTask('build-js', [
        'concat:bootstrap',
        'uglify',
        'concat:plugins'
    ]);

    // Build CSS
    grunt.registerTask('build-css', [
        'sass:dist',
        'autoprefixer',
        'cssmin'
    ]);

    // Minify images
    grunt.registerTask('test', ['imagemin']);

    // grunt.registerTask('default', ['']);

};

- Wallace Sidhrée

Answer 3

在Linux中，更改目录权限。

$ sudo chmod -R 777 name_directory

- Azucena H