我需要一个转换工具/脚本,可以将在Mac上生成的.sql转储文件转换为Windows上可读取的文件格式。这是我在这里遇到的问题的继续。问题似乎出现在文本文件中的换行符格式上,但我找不到可以进行转换的工具...
Windows使用回车符
+ 换行符
表示换行:
\r\n
Unix 只使用 LF(Line feed)
作为换行符:
\n
总之,只需将每个 \n
替换为 \r\n
。
在Mac OSX上,默认情况下都没有 unix2dos
和 dos2unix
工具。
不过,你可以简单地使用 Perl
或 sed
来完成此任务:
sed -e 's/$/\r/' inputfile > outputfile # UNIX to DOS (adding CRs)
sed -e 's/\r$//' inputfile > outputfile # DOS to UNIX (removing CRs)
perl -pe 's/\r\n|\n|\r/\r\n/g' inputfile > outputfile # Convert to DOS
perl -pe 's/\r\n|\n|\r/\n/g' inputfile > outputfile # Convert to UNIX
perl -pe 's/\r\n|\n|\r/\r/g' inputfile > outputfile # Convert to old Mac
代码片段来自:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newline#Conversion_utilities
sed
命令对我无效 - 它只是在每行末尾插入文本“r”。
不过,perl
命令可以正常工作。 - Ergwunsed
命令时仍然存在相同的问题,但您可以避免安装Homebrew、gnu-sed或unix2dos来解决它:使用sed -e 's/$/^M/' inputfile > outputfile
命令即可。其中,^M
是通过在命令行上按Ctrl+V Ctrl+M
组合键产生的控制字符。请注意不改变原文意思,并使翻译更加通俗易懂。 - LarsHsed $'s/\r$//'
。说明:bash会解码$'...'
字符串中的反斜杠转义字符。有关详细信息,请参见https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/ANSI_002dC-Quoting.html。 - jcsahnwaldt Reinstate Monica如果您使用perl,这是Anne答案的改进版本--您可以对文件进行“原地”编辑而不是生成新文件:
perl -pi -e 's/\r\n|\n|\r/\r\n/g' file-to-convert # Convert to DOS
perl -pi -e 's/\r\n|\n|\r/\n/g' file-to-convert # Convert to UNIX
Can't do inplace edit on file: Permission denied.
并删除文件。请考虑使用其他工具。 - Dennis您可以使用Homebrew安装unix2dos。
brew install unix2dos
然后你可以这样做:
unix2dos file-to-convert
你也可以将 DOS 文件转换为 Unix 格式:
dos2unix file-to-convert
brew install unix2dos
和 brew install dos2unix
两者都可以正常工作。它们安装的是相同的软件包。使用你喜欢的任何名称即可 :) - Steven Hirlston你可能想要使用unix2dos工具:
$ man unix2dos
NAME
dos2unix - DOS/MAC to UNIX and vice versa text file format converter
SYNOPSIS
dos2unix [options] [-c CONVMODE] [-o FILE ...] [-n INFILE OUTFILE ...]
unix2dos [options] [-c CONVMODE] [-o FILE ...] [-n INFILE OUTFILE ...]
DESCRIPTION
The Dos2unix package includes utilities "dos2unix" and "unix2dos" to convert plain text files in DOS or MAC format to UNIX format and vice versa. Binary files and non-
regular files, such as soft links, are automatically skipped, unless conversion is forced.
Dos2unix has a few conversion modes similar to dos2unix under SunOS/Solaris.
In DOS/Windows text files line endings exist out of a combination of two characters: a Carriage Return (CR) followed by a Line Feed (LF). In Unix text files line
endings exists out of a single Newline character which is equal to a DOS Line Feed (LF) character. In Mac text files, prior to Mac OS X, line endings exist out of a
single Carriage Return character. Mac OS X is Unix based and has the same line endings as Unix.
只需执行tr
删除操作:
tr -d "\r" <infile.txt >outfile.txt
wc -l
)。 - Daryl Spitzertr
命令进行各种转换。使用 hexdump
或类似工具来查找文件中现在使用的确切行尾约定。 - Mike Robinsonfind ./ -type f -exec dos2unix {} \;
来递归地转换当前文件夹内的所有行尾结束符vim
也可以将UNIX格式的文件转换为DOS格式。例如:
vim hello.txt <<EOF
:set fileformat=dos
:wq
EOF
相反地,如果你需要从DOS转移到UNIX:
vim hello.txt <<EOF
:set fileformat=unix
:wq
EOF
:set fileformat=unix
。我更新了我的答案以反映这一点。 - Stephen Quan这里有一个非常简单的方法,对我很有帮助,感谢Davy Schmeits的博客:
cat foo | col -b > foo2
其中foo是文件名,该文件在每行末尾带有Control+M字符,foo2是你要创建的新文件名。
#!/bin/bash
# https://dev59.com/amw15IYBdhLWcg3w0fKh
# =============================================================================
# =
# = FIXTEXT.SH by ECJB
# =
# = USAGE: SCRIPT [ MODE ] FILENAME
# =
# = MODE is one of unix2dos, dos2unix, tounix, todos, tomac
# = FILENAME is modified in-place
# = If SCRIPT is one of the modes (with or without .sh extension), then MODE
# = can be omitted - it is inferred from the script name.
# = The script does use the file command to test if it is a text file or not,
# = but this is not a guarantee.
# =
# =============================================================================
clear
script="$0"
modes="unix2dos dos2unix todos tounix tomac"
usage() {
echo "USAGE: $script [ mode ] filename"
echo
echo "MODE is one of:"
echo $modes
echo "NOTE: The tomac mode is intended for old Mac OS versions and should not be"
echo "used without good reason."
echo
echo "The file is modified in-place so there is no output filename."
echo "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK."
echo
echo "The script does try to check if it's a binary or text file for sanity, but"
echo "this is not guaranteed."
echo
echo "Symbolic links to this script may use the above names and be recognized as"
echo "mode operators."
echo
echo "Press RETURN to exit."
read answer
exit
}
# -- Look for the mode as the scriptname
mode="`basename "$0" .sh`"
fname="$1"
# -- If 2 arguments use as mode and filename
if [ ! -z "$2" ] ; then mode="$1"; fname="$2"; fi
# -- Check there are 1 or 2 arguments or print usage.
if [ ! -z "$3" -o -z "$1" ] ; then usage; fi
# -- Check if the mode found is valid.
validmode=no
for checkmode in $modes; do if [ $mode = $checkmode ] ; then validmode=yes; fi; done
# -- If not a valid mode, abort.
if [ $validmode = no ] ; then echo Invalid mode $mode...aborting.; echo; usage; fi
# -- If the file doesn't exist, abort.
if [ ! -e "$fname" ] ; then echo Input file $fname does not exist...aborting.; echo; usage; fi
# -- If the OS thinks it's a binary file, abort, displaying file information.
if [ -z "`file "$fname" | grep text`" ] ; then echo Input file $fname may be a binary file...aborting.; echo; file "$fname"; echo; usage; fi
# -- Do the in-place conversion.
case "$mode" in
# unix2dos ) # sed does not behave on Mac - replace w/ "todos" and "tounix"
# # Plus, these variants are more universal and assume less.
# sed -e 's/$/\r/' -i '' "$fname" # UNIX to DOS (adding CRs)
# ;;
# dos2unix )
# sed -e 's/\r$//' -i '' "$fname" # DOS to UNIX (removing CRs)
# ;;
"unix2dos" | "todos" )
perl -pi -e 's/\r\n|\n|\r/\r\n/g' "$fname" # Convert to DOS
;;
"dos2unix" | "tounix" )
perl -pi -e 's/\r\n|\n|\r/\n/g' "$fname" # Convert to UNIX
;;
"tomac" )
perl -pi -e 's/\r\n|\n|\r/\r/g' "$fname" # Convert to old Mac
;;
* ) # -- Not strictly needed since mode is checked first.
echo Invalid mode $mode...aborting.; echo; usage
;;
esac
# -- Display result.
if [ "$?" = "0" ] ; then echo "File $fname updated with mode $mode."; else echo "Conversion failed return code $?."; echo; usage; fi
在Anne和JosephH的答案基础上进行扩展,使用Perl编写短小的Perl脚本,因为我懒得每次都输一遍Perl单行脚本。
创建一个文件,例如命名为"unix2dos.pl"并将其放置在您的路径目录中。编辑该文件以包含以下2行:
#!/usr/bin/perl -wpi
s/\n|\r\n/\r\n/g;