名称错误: 未初始化常量 Shoulda

Question

我正在完成这个教程：https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/build-a-restful-json-api-with-rails-5-part-one

但是在运行第 Models 章节的 RSpec 测试时，我收到以下错误信息。

C:\Users\NCH-Lap10\Desktop\rubyprojects\todos-api>bundle exec rspec

An error occurred while loading ./spec/controllers/items_controller_spec.rb.
Failure/Error:
  Shoulda::Matchers.configure do |config|
    config.integrate do |with|
      with.test_framework :rspec
      with.library :rails
    end
  end

NameError:
  uninitialized constant Shoulda
# ./spec/rails_helper.rb:6:in `<top (required)>'
# ./spec/controllers/items_controller_spec.rb:1:in `require'
# ./spec/controllers/items_controller_spec.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'

An error occurred while loading ./spec/controllers/todos_controller_spec.rb.
Failure/Error:
  Shoulda::Matchers.configure do |config|
    config.integrate do |with|
      with.test_framework :rspec
      with.library :rails
    end
  end

NameError:
  uninitialized constant Shoulda
# ./spec/rails_helper.rb:6:in `<top (required)>'
# ./spec/controllers/todos_controller_spec.rb:1:in `require'
# ./spec/controllers/todos_controller_spec.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'

An error occurred while loading ./spec/models/item_spec.rb.

所以他找不到我的测试。 （我从教程中复制了它们）

我的测试位于spec/models目录下，看起来像这样：

require 'rails_helper'

# Test suite for the Item model
RSpec.describe Item, type: :model do
  # Association test
  # ensure an item record belongs to a single todo record
  it { should belong_to(:todo) }
  # Validation test
  # ensure column name is present before saving
  it { should validate_presence_of(:name) }
end

我的Gemfile部分内容：

group :test do
  gem 'factory_bot_rails', '~> 4.0'
  gem 'shoulda-matchers', '~> 3.1'
  gem 'faker'
  gem 'database_cleaner'
end

我需要提供更多的代码吗？

- kame

Answer 1

根据GitHub上的这个问题，

您可能需要将以下内容添加到您的spec_helper.rb文件中：

require "shoulda/matchers"
require "shoulda/matchers/integrations/rspec"

同时，请确保在rails_helper中引用了spec_helper（在测试文件中也要引用rails_helper）。

编辑以供未来读者参考：第二行可能在最近的Rails版本中已经被弃用（请参见评论），因此不需要添加它。

- Samuel Faure

---

然后我得到了以下错误：失败/错误：需要“shoulda/matchers/integrations/rspec” LoadError： 无法加载此类文件 - shoulda/matchers/integrations/rspec - kame

只需添加第一行，而不是第二行。 - Samuel Faure

只需将Shoulda :: Matchers.configure块移动到紧挨着RSpec.configure块的位置，该问题就会得到解决。 - tbem