最近我在Stack Overflow上提出了一个关于使用GCM发送推送通知的问题：Send push notifications to Android。现在有了FCM，我想知道在服务器端开发方面，它与GCM有何不同？从编码方面来说，它们是相同的吗？在哪里可以找到示例FCM代码，以向Android设备发送推送通知？
在使用Java代码发送通知到FCM时，我是否需要下载任何JAR库？在发送推送通知至Android的示例代码中显示了使用GCM发送推送通知，并且需要一个服务器端GCM JAR文件。
然而，在https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-make-a-post-request-to-a-GCM-server-in-Java-to-push-a-notification-to-the-client-app的另一个示例中，使用GCM发送推送通知，不需要服务器端GCM JAR文件，因为它仅通过HTTP连接进行发送。同样的代码是否适用于FCM？所使用的URL为“https://android.googleapis.com/gcm/send”。FCM的等效URL是什么？
服务器端编程和客户端编程有什么不同？
由于差别并不大，您可以查看大多数用于GCM的示例服务器端代码。与GCM相比，FCM的主要区别在于，当使用FCM时，您可以使用其中的新特性（如此答案中所提到的）。 FCM还有一个控制台，您可以从中发送消息/通知，而无需拥有自己的应用程序服务器。
注意：创建自己的应用程序服务器取决于您自己。只是说明您可以通过控制台发送消息/通知。
FCM的等效URL为https://fcm.googleapis.com/fcm/send。您可以查看文档以获取更多详细信息。使用的URL为“https://android.googleapis.com/gcm/send”。FCM的等效URL是什么？
channel_id？请提供建议。谢谢。 - Kamlesh使用以下代码从 FCM 服务器发送推送通知：
public class PushNotifictionHelper {
public final static String AUTH_KEY_FCM = "Your api key";
public final static String API_URL_FCM = "https://fcm.googleapis.com/fcm/send";
public static String sendPushNotification(String deviceToken)
throws IOException {
String result = "";
URL url = new URL(API_URL_FCM);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setUseCaches(false);
conn.setDoInput(true);
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
conn.setRequestProperty("Authorization", "key=" + AUTH_KEY_FCM);
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");
JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
json.put("to", deviceToken.trim());
JSONObject info = new JSONObject();
info.put("title", "notification title"); // Notification title
info.put("body", "message body"); // Notification
// body
json.put("notification", info);
try {
OutputStreamWriter wr = new OutputStreamWriter(
conn.getOutputStream());
wr.write(json.toString());
wr.flush();
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
(conn.getInputStream())));
String output;
System.out.println("Output from Server .... \n");
while ((output = br.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(output);
}
result = CommonConstants.SUCCESS;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
result = CommonConstants.FAILURE;
}
System.out.println("GCM Notification is sent successfully");
return result;
}
完整的主题、单个设备和多个设备的解决方案 创建一个名为 FireMessage 的类。这是数据消息的示例。您可以将数据更改为通知。
public class FireMessage {
private final String SERVER_KEY = "YOUR SERVER KEY";
private final String API_URL_FCM = "https://fcm.googleapis.com/fcm/send";
private JSONObject root;
public FireMessage(String title, String message) throws JSONException {
root = new JSONObject();
JSONObject data = new JSONObject();
data.put("title", title);
data.put("message", message);
root.put("data", data);
}
public String sendToTopic(String topic) throws Exception { //SEND TO TOPIC
System.out.println("Send to Topic");
root.put("condition", "'"+topic+"' in topics");
return sendPushNotification(true);
}
public String sendToGroup(JSONArray mobileTokens) throws Exception { // SEND TO GROUP OF PHONES - ARRAY OF TOKENS
root.put("registration_ids", mobileTokens);
return sendPushNotification(false);
}
public String sendToToken(String token) throws Exception {//SEND MESSAGE TO SINGLE MOBILE - TO TOKEN
root.put("to", token);
return sendPushNotification(false);
}
private String sendPushNotification(boolean toTopic) throws Exception {
URL url = new URL(API_URL_FCM);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setUseCaches(false);
conn.setDoInput(true);
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");
conn.setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json");
conn.setRequestProperty("Authorization", "key=" + SERVER_KEY);
System.out.println(root.toString());
try {
OutputStreamWriter wr = new OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream());
wr.write(root.toString());
wr.flush();
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader( (conn.getInputStream())));
String output;
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
while ((output = br.readLine()) != null) {
builder.append(output);
}
System.out.println(builder);
String result = builder.toString();
JSONObject obj = new JSONObject(result);
if(toTopic){
if(obj.has("message_id")){
return "SUCCESS";
}
} else {
int success = Integer.parseInt(obj.getString("success"));
if (success > 0) {
return "SUCCESS";
}
}
return builder.toString();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return e.getMessage();
}
}
}
我们可以像这样随时随地进行调用，无论是服务器还是Android设备都可以使用此功能。
FireMessage f = new FireMessage("MY TITLE", "TEST MESSAGE");
//TO SINGLE DEVICE
/* String fireBaseToken="c2N_8u1leLY:APA91bFBNFYDARLWC74QmCwziX-YQ68dKLNRyVjE6_sg3zs-dPQRdl1QU9X6p8SkYNN4Zl7y-yxBX5uU0KEKJlam7t7MiKkPErH39iyiHcgBvazffnm6BsKjRCsKf70DE5tS9rIp_HCk";
f.sendToToken(fireBaseToken); */
// TO MULTIPLE DEVICE
/* JSONArray tokens = new JSONArray();
tokens.put("c2N_8u1leLY:APA91bFBNFYDARLWC74QmCwziX-YQ68dKLNRyVjE6_sg3zs-dPQRdl1QU9X6p8SkYNN4Zl7y-yxBX5uU0KEKJlam7t7MiKkPErH39iyiHcgBvazffnm6BsKjRCsKf70DE5tS9rIp_HCk");
tokens.put("c2R_8u1leLY:APA91bFBNFYDARLWC74QmCwziX-YQ68dKLNRyVjE6_sg3zs-dPQRdl1QU9X6p8SkYNN4Zl7y-yxBX5uU0KEKJlam7t7MiKkPErH39iyiHcgBvazffnm6BsKjRCsKf70DE5tS9rIp_HCk");
f.sendToGroup(tokens); */
//TO TOPIC
String topic="yourTopicName";
f.sendToTopic(topic);
从接收消息的角度来看，似乎只有一些地方略有不同。主要是删除一些内容。您无需对升级进行任何服务器端协议更改。服务协议未更改。但请注意，所有新的服务器增强功能将记录在 FCM 服务器文档中。
我已经为FCM通知服务器创建了一个库。只需像使用GCM库一样使用它。
对于FCM服务器，请使用以下代码：
GCM服务器URL-"android.googleapis.com/gcm/send"
FCM服务器URL - "fcm.googleapis.com/fcm/send"
在URL后附加https
Sender objSender = new Sender(gAPIKey);
或者
Sender objSender = new Sender(gAPIKey,"SERVER_URL");
默认情况下，FCM服务器URL已分配。
Message objMessage = new Message.Builder().collapseKey("From FCMServer").timeToLive(3).delayWhileIdle(false)
.notification(notification)
.addData("ShortMessage", "Sh").addData("LongMessage", "Long ")
.build();
objMulticastResult = objSender.send(objMessage,clientId, 4);
这个库的依赖需求与GCM lib所需的(jsonsimple.jar)相同。
从FCM_Server.jar下载lib。
public class SendPushNotification extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void> {
private final String FIREBASE_URL = "https://fcm.googleapis.com/fcm/send";
private final String SERVER_KEY = "REPLACE_YOUR_SERVER_KEY";
private Context context;
private String token;
public SendPushNotification(Context context, String token) {
this.context = context;
this.token = token;
}
@Override
protected Void doInBackground(Void... voids) {
/*{
"to": "DEVICE_TOKEN",
"data": {
"type": "type",
"title": "Android",
"message": "Push Notification",
"data": {
"key": "Extra data"
}
}
}*/
try {
URL url = new URL(FIREBASE_URL);
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
connection.setUseCaches(false);
connection.setDoInput(true);
connection.setDoOutput(true);
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");
connection.setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json");
connection.setRequestProperty("Authorization", "key=" + SERVER_KEY);
JSONObject root = new JSONObject();
root.put("to", token);
JSONObject data = new JSONObject();
data.put("type", "type");
data.put("title", "Android");
data.put("message", "Push Notification");
JSONObject innerData = new JSONObject();
innerData.put("key", "Extra data");
data.put("data", innerData);
root.put("data", data);
Log.e("PushNotification", "Data Format: " + root.toString());
try {
OutputStreamWriter writer = new OutputStreamWriter(connection.getOutputStream());
writer.write(root.toString());
writer.flush();
writer.close();
int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
Log.e("PushNotification", "Request Code: " + responseCode);
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader((connection.getInputStream())));
String output;
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
while ((output = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
builder.append(output);
}
bufferedReader.close();
String result = builder.toString();
Log.e("PushNotification", "Result JSON: " + result);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
Log.e("PushNotification", "Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
Log.e("PushNotification", "Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
return null;
}
}
用法
SendPushNotification sendPushNotification = new SendPushNotification(context, "token");
sendPushNotification.execute();