我正在为用户设计一个表单小部件，用于将一天中的时间输入到文本输入框中（用于日历应用程序）。使用 JavaScript（我们使用 jQuery FWIW），我想找到将用户输入的文本解析为 JavaScript Date() 对象的最佳方法，以便可以轻松地执行比较和其他操作。
我尝试了 parse() 方法，但对我的需求来说有点太挑剔了。我希望它能够成功解析以下示例输入时间（以及其他逻辑上类似的时间格式）为相同的 Date() 对象：
我想使用正则表达式来拆分输入并提取要用于创建我的 Date() 对象的信息。有什么最好的方法吗？
以下是针对您提供的输入快速解决方案:
function parseTime( t ) {
var d = new Date();
var time = t.match( /(\d+)(?::(\d\d))?\s*(p?)/ );
d.setHours( parseInt( time[1]) + (time[3] ? 12 : 0) );
d.setMinutes( parseInt( time[2]) || 0 );
return d;
}
var tests = [
'1:00 pm','1:00 p.m.','1:00 p','1:00pm','1:00p.m.','1:00p','1 pm',
'1 p.m.','1 p','1pm','1p.m.', '1p', '13:00','13', '1a', '12', '12a', '12p', '12am', '12pm', '2400am', '2400pm', '2400',
'1000', '100', '123', '2459', '2359', '2359am', '1100', '123p',
'1234', '1', '9', '99', '999', '9999', '99999', '0000', '0011', '-1', 'mioaw' ];
for ( var i = 0; i < tests.length; i++ ) {
console.log( tests[i].padStart( 9, ' ' ) + " = " + parseTime(tests[i]) );
}它也适用于其他一些变体（即使使用a.m.，例如，它仍然可以工作）。显然这很粗糙，但它也非常轻量级（比如使用一个完整的库要便宜得多）。
警告：该代码不适用于12:00 AM等情况。
function parseTime(timeString) {
if (timeString == '') return null;
var time = timeString.match(/(\d+)(:(\d\d))?\s*(p?)/i);
if (time == null) return null;
var hours = parseInt(time[1],10);
if (hours == 12 && !time[4]) {
hours = 0;
}
else {
hours += (hours < 12 && time[4])? 12 : 0;
}
var d = new Date();
d.setHours(hours);
d.setMinutes(parseInt(time[3],10) || 0);
d.setSeconds(0, 0);
return d;
}
var tests = [
'1:00 pm','1:00 p.m.','1:00 p','1:00pm','1:00p.m.','1:00p','1 pm',
'1 p.m.','1 p','1pm','1p.m.', '1p', '13:00','13', '1a', '12', '12a', '12p', '12am', '12pm', '2400am', '2400pm', '2400',
'1000', '100', '123', '2459', '2359', '2359am', '1100', '123p',
'1234', '1', '9', '99', '999', '9999', '99999', '0000', '0011', '-1', 'mioaw' ];
for ( var i = 0; i < tests.length; i++ ) {
console.log( tests[i].padStart( 9, ' ' ) + " = " + parseTime(tests[i]) );
}/^(\d+)(:(\d\d))?\s*((a|(p))m?)?$/i
1330 或者 130pm 这样的字符串。尽管这些格式没有被 OP 指定，但我认为它们对于解析人类输入的日期非常重要。function parseTime(time, format, step) {
var hour, minute, stepMinute,
defaultFormat = 'g:ia',
pm = time.match(/p/i) !== null,
num = time.replace(/[^0-9]/g, '');
// Parse for hour and minute
switch(num.length) {
case 4:
hour = parseInt(num[0] + num[1], 10);
minute = parseInt(num[2] + num[3], 10);
break;
case 3:
hour = parseInt(num[0], 10);
minute = parseInt(num[1] + num[2], 10);
break;
case 2:
case 1:
hour = parseInt(num[0] + (num[1] || ''), 10);
minute = 0;
break;
default:
return '';
}
// Make sure hour is in 24 hour format
if( pm === true && hour > 0 && hour < 12 ) hour += 12;
// Force pm for hours between 13:00 and 23:00
if( hour >= 13 && hour <= 23 ) pm = true;
// Handle step
if( step ) {
// Step to the nearest hour requires 60, not 0
if( step === 0 ) step = 60;
// Round to nearest step
stepMinute = (Math.round(minute / step) * step) % 60;
// Do we need to round the hour up?
if( stepMinute === 0 && minute >= 30 ) {
hour++;
// Do we need to switch am/pm?
if( hour === 12 || hour === 24 ) pm = !pm;
}
minute = stepMinute;
}
// Keep within range
if( hour <= 0 || hour >= 24 ) hour = 0;
if( minute < 0 || minute > 59 ) minute = 0;
// Format output
return (format || defaultFormat)
// 12 hour without leading 0
.replace(/g/g, hour === 0 ? '12' : 'g')
.replace(/g/g, hour > 12 ? hour - 12 : hour)
// 24 hour without leading 0
.replace(/G/g, hour)
// 12 hour with leading 0
.replace(/h/g, hour.toString().length > 1 ? (hour > 12 ? hour - 12 : hour) : '0' + (hour > 12 ? hour - 12 : hour))
// 24 hour with leading 0
.replace(/H/g, hour.toString().length > 1 ? hour : '0' + hour)
// minutes with leading zero
.replace(/i/g, minute.toString().length > 1 ? minute : '0' + minute)
// simulate seconds
.replace(/s/g, '00')
// lowercase am/pm
.replace(/a/g, pm ? 'pm' : 'am')
// lowercase am/pm
.replace(/A/g, pm ? 'PM' : 'AM');
}
var tests = [
'1:00 pm','1:00 p.m.','1:00 p','1:00pm','1:00p.m.','1:00p','1 pm',
'1 p.m.','1 p','1pm','1p.m.', '1p', '13:00','13', '1a', '12', '12a', '12p', '12am', '12pm', '2400am', '2400pm', '2400',
'1000', '100', '123', '2459', '2359', '2359am', '1100', '123p',
'1234', '1', '9', '99', '999', '9999', '99999', '0000', '0011', '-1', 'mioaw' ];
for ( var i = 0; i < tests.length; i++ ) {
console.log( tests[i].padStart( 9, ' ' ) + " = " + parseTime(tests[i]) );
}这里是对Joe版本的改进。欢迎进一步编辑。
function parseTime(timeString)
{
if (timeString == '') return null;
var d = new Date();
var time = timeString.match(/(\d+)(:(\d\d))?\s*(p?)/i);
d.setHours( parseInt(time[1],10) + ( ( parseInt(time[1],10) < 12 && time[4] ) ? 12 : 0) );
d.setMinutes( parseInt(time[3],10) || 0 );
d.setSeconds(0, 0);
return d;
}
var tests = [
'1:00 pm','1:00 p.m.','1:00 p','1:00pm','1:00p.m.','1:00p','1 pm',
'1 p.m.','1 p','1pm','1p.m.', '1p', '13:00','13', '1a', '12', '12a', '12p', '12am', '12pm', '2400am', '2400pm', '2400',
'1000', '100', '123', '2459', '2359', '2359am', '1100', '123p',
'1234', '1', '9', '99', '999', '9999', '99999', '0000', '0011', '-1', 'mioaw' ];
for ( var i = 0; i < tests.length; i++ ) {
console.log( tests[i].padStart( 9, ' ' ) + " = " + parseTime(tests[i]) );
}更新:
以下是针对使用支持24小时制的用户的解决方案：
function parseTime(text) {
var time = text.match(/(\d?\d):?(\d?\d?)/);
var h = parseInt(time[1], 10);
var m = parseInt(time[2], 10) || 0;
if (h > 24) {
// try a different format
time = text.match(/(\d)(\d?\d?)/);
h = parseInt(time[1], 10);
m = parseInt(time[2], 10) || 0;
}
var d = new Date();
d.setHours(h);
d.setMinutes(m);
return d;
}
var tests = [
'1:00 pm','1:00 p.m.','1:00 p','1:00pm','1:00p.m.','1:00p','1 pm',
'1 p.m.','1 p','1pm','1p.m.', '1p', '13:00','13', '1a', '12', '12a', '12p', '12am', '12pm', '2400am', '2400pm', '2400',
'1000', '100', '123', '2459', '2359', '2359am', '1100', '123p',
'1234', '1', '9', '99', '999', '9999', '99999', '0000', '0011', '-1', 'mioaw' ];
for ( var i = 0; i < tests.length; i++ ) {
console.log( tests[i].padStart( 9, ' ' ) + " = " + parseTime(tests[i]) );
}我在实施John Resig的解决方案时遇到了几个问题。这里是我根据他的答案修改后一直在使用的函数：
function parseTime(timeString)
{
if (timeString == '') return null;
var d = new Date();
var time = timeString.match(/(\d+)(:(\d\d))?\s*(p?)/);
d.setHours( parseInt(time[1]) + ( ( parseInt(time[1]) < 12 && time[4] ) ? 12 : 0) );
d.setMinutes( parseInt(time[3]) || 0 );
d.setSeconds(0, 0);
return d;
} // parseTime()
var tests = [
'1:00 pm','1:00 p.m.','1:00 p','1:00pm','1:00p.m.','1:00p','1 pm',
'1 p.m.','1 p','1pm','1p.m.', '1p', '13:00','13', '1a', '12', '12a', '12p', '12am', '12pm', '2400am', '2400pm', '2400',
'1000', '100', '123', '2459', '2359', '2359am', '1100', '123p',
'1234', '1', '9', '99', '999', '9999', '99999', '0000', '0011', '-1', 'mioaw' ];
for ( var i = 0; i < tests.length; i++ ) {
console.log( tests[i].padStart( 9, ' ' ) + " = " + parseTime(tests[i]) );
}其他答案的编译表
首先，我无法相信没有内置功能或者强大的第三方库可以处理这个问题。实际上，这是Web开发，我可以相信。
尝试使用所有这些不同算法测试所有边缘情况让我的头都晕了，因此我将所有答案和测试编译成了一个方便的表格。
代码（以及生成的表格）太大了，无法内联，所以我做了一个JSFiddle：
http://jsfiddle.net/jLv16ydb/4/show
// heres some filler code of the functions I included in the test,
// because StackOverfleaux wont let me have a jsfiddle link without code
Functions = [
JohnResig,
Qwertie,
PatrickMcElhaney,
Brad,
NathanVillaescusa,
DaveJarvis,
AndrewCetinic,
StefanHaberl,
PieterDeZwart,
JoeLencioni,
Claviska,
RobG,
DateJS,
MomentJS
];
// I didn't include `date-fns`, because it seems to have even more
// limited parsing than MomentJS or DateJS
12 应该被解释为 12:00am 还是 12:00pm？）。您需要仔细查看表格，看哪个算法对您来说最有意义。mioaw、999、aaa12:34aaa和2400等输入的响应，因为这些边缘情况是争议的主要焦点，尽管在像1pm这样不太极端的情况下也存在一些分歧。 - Qwertie"use strict";
String.prototype.toTime = function () {
var time = this;
var post_meridiem = false;
var ante_meridiem = false;
var hours = 0;
var minutes = 0;
if( time != null ) {
post_meridiem = time.match( /p/i ) !== null;
ante_meridiem = time.match( /a/i ) !== null;
// Preserve 2400h time by changing leading zeros to 24.
time = time.replace( /^00/, '24' );
// Strip the string down to digits and convert to a number.
time = parseInt( time.replace( /\D/g, '' ) );
}
else {
time = 0;
}
if( time > 0 && time < 24 ) {
// 1 through 23 become hours, no minutes.
hours = time;
}
else if( time >= 100 && time <= 2359 ) {
// 100 through 2359 become hours and two-digit minutes.
hours = ~~(time / 100);
minutes = time % 100;
}
else if( time >= 2400 ) {
// After 2400, it's midnight again.
minutes = (time % 100);
post_meridiem = false;
}
if( hours == 12 && ante_meridiem === false ) {
post_meridiem = true;
}
if( hours > 12 ) {
post_meridiem = true;
hours -= 12;
}
if( minutes > 59 ) {
minutes = 59;
}
var result =
(""+hours).padStart( 2, "0" ) + ":" + (""+minutes).padStart( 2, "0" ) +
(post_meridiem ? "PM" : "AM");
return result;
};
var tests = [
'1:00 pm','1:00 p.m.','1:00 p','1:00pm','1:00p.m.','1:00p','1 pm',
'1 p.m.','1 p','1pm','1p.m.', '1p', '13:00','13', '1a', '12', '12a', '12p', '12am', '12pm', '2400am', '2400pm', '2400',
'1000', '100', '123', '2459', '2359', '2359am', '1100', '123p',
'1234', '1', '9', '99', '999', '9999', '99999', '0000', '0011', '-1', 'mioaw' ];
for ( var i = 0; i < tests.length; i++ ) {
console.log( tests[i].padStart( 9, ' ' ) + " = " + tests[i].toTime() );
} <input type="text" class="time" />
$(".time").change( function() {
var $this = $(this);
$(this).val( time.toTime() );
});
我对其他答案不满意，所以我又写了一个。
undefinedlocalDate参数，则返回本地时间；否则，在Unix纪元（1970年1月1日）上返回UTC时间。1330（要禁用，请使正则表达式中的第一个“：”为必需）^\s*）编辑：现在它是一个包，包括一个timeToString格式化程序：npm i simplertime
/**
* Parses a string into a Date. Supports several formats: "12", "1234",
* "12:34", "12:34pm", "12:34 PM", "12:34:56 pm", and "12:34:56.789".
* The time must be at the beginning of the string but can have leading spaces.
* Anything is allowed after the time as long as the time itself appears to
* be valid, e.g. "12:34*Z" is OK but "12345" is not.
* @param {string} t Time string, e.g. "1435" or "2:35 PM" or "14:35:00.0"
* @param {Date|undefined} localDate If this parameter is provided, setHours
* is called on it. Otherwise, setUTCHours is called on 1970/1/1.
* @returns {Date|undefined} The parsed date, if parsing succeeded.
*/
function parseTime(t, localDate) {
// ?: means non-capturing group and ?! is zero-width negative lookahead
var time = t.match(/^\s*(\d\d?)(?::?(\d\d))?(?::(\d\d))?(?!\d)(\.\d+)?\s*(pm?|am?)?/i);
if (time) {
var hour = parseInt(time[1]), pm = (time[5] || ' ')[0].toUpperCase();
var min = time[2] ? parseInt(time[2]) : 0;
var sec = time[3] ? parseInt(time[3]) : 0;
var ms = (time[4] ? parseFloat(time[4]) * 1000 : 0);
if (pm !== ' ' && (hour == 0 || hour > 12) || hour > 24 || min >= 60 || sec >= 60)
return undefined;
if (pm === 'A' && hour === 12) hour = 0;
if (pm === 'P' && hour !== 12) hour += 12;
if (hour === 24) hour = 0;
var date = new Date(localDate!==undefined ? localDate.valueOf() : 0);
var set = (localDate!==undefined ? date.setHours : date.setUTCHours);
set.call(date, hour, min, sec, ms);
return date;
}
return undefined;
}
var testSuite = {
'1300': ['1:00 pm','1:00 P.M.','1:00 p','1:00pm','1:00p.m.','1:00p','1 pm',
'1 p.m.','1 p','1pm','1p.m.', '1p', '13:00','13', '1:00:00PM', '1300', '13'],
'1100': ['11:00am', '11:00 AM', '11:00', '11:00:00', '1100'],
'1359': ['1:59 PM', '13:59', '13:59:00', '1359', '1359:00', '0159pm'],
'100': ['1:00am', '1:00 am', '0100', '1', '1a', '1 am'],
'0': ['00:00', '24:00', '12:00am', '12am', '12:00:00 AM', '0000', '1200 AM'],
'30': ['0:30', '00:30', '24:30', '00:30:00', '12:30:00 am', '0030', '1230am'],
'1435': ["2:35 PM", "14:35:00.0", "1435"],
'715.5': ["7:15:30", "7:15:30am"],
'109': ['109'], // Three-digit numbers work (I wasn't sure if they would)
'': ['12:60', '11:59:99', '-12:00', 'foo', '0660', '12345', '25:00'],
};
var passed = 0;
for (var key in testSuite) {
let num = parseFloat(key), h = num / 100 | 0;
let m = num % 100 | 0, s = (num % 1) * 60;
let expected = Date.UTC(1970, 0, 1, h, m, s); // Month is zero-based
let strings = testSuite[key];
for (let i = 0; i < strings.length; i++) {
var result = parseTime(strings[i]);
if (result === undefined ? key !== '' : key === '' || expected !== result.valueOf()) {
console.log(`Test failed at ${key}:"${strings[i]}" with result ${result ? result.toUTCString() : 'undefined'}`);
} else {
passed++;
}
}
}
console.log(passed + ' tests passed.');