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将CIDR地址转换为子网掩码和网络地址

javanetworkingipmaskcidr
45

给定一个CIDR地址，例如192.168.10.0/24

  • 如何确定掩码长度？ (24)
  • 如何确定掩码地址？ (255.255.255.0)
  • 如何确定网络地址？ (192.168.10.0)
11个回答
71
2
似乎这个工具在处理单个地址通知时出现了问题。我的意思是，假设IP只有一个，如果我想像ip/32那样使用它，它就会失败，或者我使用的方式不正确。 - Olgun Kaya
@OlgunKaya，你使用的方式不正确，答案中显示的构造函数需要CIDR表示法，即IP_address/MASK而不仅仅是IP_address。 - logoff
getNetmask() 返回子网掩码 (255.255.255.0)。如果我想要获取前缀长度 (24)，是否有任何方法？我找不到。 - Nagabhushan S N
SubnetUtils不支持IPv6，如何实现IPv6的相同功能？ - Sayantan Ghosh
31

这是在Java中实现的方法，

    String[] parts = addr.split("/");
    String ip = parts[0];
    int prefix;
    if (parts.length < 2) {
        prefix = 0;
    } else {
        prefix = Integer.parseInt(parts[1]);
    }
    int mask = 0xffffffff << (32 - prefix);
    System.out.println("Prefix=" + prefix);
    System.out.println("Address=" + ip);

    int value = mask;
    byte[] bytes = new byte[]{ 
            (byte)(value >>> 24), (byte)(value >> 16 & 0xff), (byte)(value >> 8 & 0xff), (byte)(value & 0xff) };

    InetAddress netAddr = InetAddress.getByAddress(bytes);
    System.out.println("Mask=" + netAddr.getHostAddress());
3
/*** 用JavaScript进行近似计算。由于我自己需要这个，所以我想分享一下 ***/function cidrToMask ( cidrStr ) { var parts = cidrStr.split('/'); var ipStr = parts[0]; var prefix = (parts.length < 1) ? 0 : Number( parts[1] ); var mask = 0xffffffff << (32 - prefix); var maskStr = [ (mask >>> 24) , (mask >> 16 & 0xff) , (mask >> 8 & 0xff) , (mask & 0xff) ].join('.'); alert( "前缀=" + prefix + "\n" + "地址=" + ipStr + "\n" + "掩码=" + maskStr );};cidrToMask ( '192.168.10.0/24' ); - username
10

IPAddress Java库以多态方式支持IPv4和IPv6，包括子网。您可以在链接中查看javadoc。免责声明：我是项目经理。

所有您列出的用例都透明地支持IPv4和IPv6。

    String str = "192.168.10.0/24";
    IPAddressString addrString = new IPAddressString(str);
    try {
         IPAddress addr = addrString.toAddress();
         Integer prefix = addr.getNetworkPrefixLength(); //24
         IPAddress mask = addr.getNetwork().getNetworkMask(prefix, false);//255.255.255.0
         IPAddress networkAddr = addr.mask(mask);  //192.168.10.0
         IPAddress networkAddrOtherWay = addr.getLower().removePrefixLength(); //192.168.10.0

         ...
    } catch(AddressStringException e) {
        //e.getMessage provides validation issue
    }
这个可以作为 Maven 依赖使用吗？ - Jeff Vincent
很快就会完成，完成后我会更新项目页面。 - Sean F
现在它已经在Maven中央仓库中了：https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/github/seancfoley/ipaddress/2.0.0/ - Sean F
@SeanF 我本来希望有一些花哨的类可以为我完成这项工作...;-) - Michael Sims
@MichaelSims，你的希望得到了回应 :-) - Sean F
显示剩余3条评论
7

根据Yuriy的回答： 为了获取整个IP地址范围，Apache Java类SubnetUtils提供了以下方法：

String[] addresses = utils.getInfo().getAllAddresses();

要下载包含该类的jar文件，请访问以下网址：http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/commons-net/commons-net/3.0.1/commons-net-3.0.1.jar 源代码请参见以下网址：http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/commons/proper/net/trunk/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/net/util/SubnetUtils.java?view=markup Maven ID: 
<groupId>commons-net</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-net</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
6

Linux命令行ipcalc。

您可以快速使用：

$ipcalc 192.168.10.0/24
Address:   192.168.10.0         11000000.10101000.00001010. 00000000
Netmask:   255.255.255.0 = 24   11111111.11111111.11111111. 00000000
Wildcard:  0.0.0.255            00000000.00000000.00000000. 11111111
=>
Network:   192.168.10.0/24      11000000.10101000.00001010. 00000000
HostMin:   192.168.10.1         11000000.10101000.00001010. 00000001
HostMax:   192.168.10.254       11000000.10101000.00001010. 11111110
Broadcast: 192.168.10.255       11000000.10101000.00001010. 11111111
Hosts/Net: 254                   Class C, Private Internet
1
macOS: 使用Homebrew安装ipcalc - Ahmed Rezk
2

这个算法是伪代码（实际上是PHP），你可以自己将其翻译成Java。
算法来自这里。

//$ipNetmask = "192.168.1.12/30";
list($ip, $netmask) = split( "/", $ipNetmask );
$ip_elements_decimal = split( "[.]", $ip );
$netmask_result="";
for($i=1; $i <= $netmask; $i++) {
  $netmask_result .= "1";
}
for($i=$netmask+1; $i <= 32; $i++) {
    $netmask_result .= "0";
}
$netmask_ip_binary_array = str_split( $netmask_result, 8 );
$netmask_ip_decimal_array = array();
foreach( $netmask_ip_binary_array as $k => $v ){
    $netmask_ip_decimal_array[$k] = bindec( $v ); // "100" => 4
    $network_address_array[$k] = ( $netmask_ip_decimal_array[$k] & $ip_elements_decimal[$k] );
}
$network_address = join( ".", $network_address_array );

// ------------------------------------------------
           // TCP/IP NETWORK INFORMATION
// ------------------------------------------------
// IP Entered = ..................: 192.168.1.12
// CIDR = ........................: /30
// Netmask = .....................: 255.255.255.252
// Network Address = .............: 192.168.1.12

// Broadcast Address = ...........: 192.168.1.15
// Usable IP Addresses = .........: 2
// First Usable IP Address = .....: 192.168.1.13
// Last Usable IP Address = ......: 192.168.1.14
1
这是我的Groovy代码：)

//IP calculator by ku1gun

// input
String inputAddr = "12.34.56.78/20";

//magic
def(String ipAddrBin, String maskAddrBin, String invertedMaskBin, int hostsCount) = getIpAddrAndCidrMaskBin(inputAddr);

String broadcastAddr = retrieveBroadcastAddr(ipAddrBin, invertedMaskBin);
String ipAddr = getTenBaseAddrValueFromBin(ipAddrBin);
String maskAddr = getTenBaseAddrValueFromBin(maskAddrBin);
String invertedMask = getTenBaseAddrValueFromBin(invertedMaskBin);
String networkAddr = retrieveNetworkAddr(ipAddrBin, maskAddrBin);

def (String ipMinVal, String ipMaxVal) = getMinMaxIpRangeValues(networkAddr, broadcastAddr)

//Output "debug" results
System.out.println("Variables:");
System.out.println("ipInput: " + ipAddr);
System.out.println("MaskInput: " + maskAddr);
System.out.println("invertedMask: " + invertedMask);
System.out.println("-----------------------");
System.out.println("Binaries:");
System.out.println("ipBin: " + ipAddrBin);
System.out.println("MaskInBin: " + maskAddrBin);
System.out.println("InvertedMaskBin: " + invertedMaskBin);
System.out.println("-----------------------");
System.out.println("Results:");
System.out.println("maskAddr: " + maskAddr);
System.out.println("hostsCount: " + hostsCount);
System.out.println("networkAddr: " + networkAddr);
System.out.println("broadcastAddr: " + broadcastAddr);
System.out.println("ipMinVal: " + ipMinVal);
System.out.println("ipMaxVal: " + ipMaxVal);
System.out.println("-----------------------");
System.out.println("IP range list:");

long ipStart = host2long(ipMinVal);
long ipEnd = host2long(ipMaxVal);


for (long i=ipStart; i<=ipEnd; i++) 
{
    System.out.println(long2dotted(i));
}


//general methods
def getIpAddrAndCidrMaskBin(String inputAddrStr)
{
    def netMask = "";
    def invNetMask = "";

    def cidrAddressList = inputAddrStr.tokenize("\\/")
    def baseIPAddress = cidrAddressList.first()
    def cidrIPMask = cidrAddressList.last().toInteger()

    //retrieve binaryNetMask and binaryInvertedNetMask
    for(i=0; i<32; i++)
    {
        if(i<cidrIPMask)
        {
            netMask = netMask + "1";
            invNetMask = invNetMask + "0";
        }
        else
        {
            netMask = netMask + "0";
            invNetMask = invNetMask + "1";
        }
    }

    //retrieve binaryIpAddress
    String[] addrOctetArray = baseIPAddress.split("\\.");
    String binAddr = "";
    for (String string : addrOctetArray)
        {
            int octet = Integer.parseInt(string);     
            String binaryOctet = String.format("%8s", Integer.toBinaryString(octet)).replace(' ', '0');
            binAddr = binAddr + binaryOctet;
        }

    hostsCount = 2**(32 - cidrIPMask) - 2;

    return [binAddr, netMask, invNetMask, hostsCount]
}

def getTenBaseAddrValueFromBin(String binVal)
{
    tenBaseAddr = "";
    tenBaseAddr = tenBaseAddr + Integer.parseInt(binVal.substring(0,8), 2) + "." + Integer.parseInt(binVal.substring(8,16), 2) + "." + Integer.parseInt(binVal.substring(16,24), 2) + "." + Integer.parseInt(binVal.substring(24,32), 2)
    return tenBaseAddr;
}

def retrieveBroadcastAddr(String ipAddrBin, String invertedMaskBin)
{
    def oct_1 = Integer.parseInt(ipAddrBin.substring(0,8), 2) | Integer.parseInt(invertedMaskBin.substring(0,8), 2);
    def oct_2 = Integer.parseInt(ipAddrBin.substring(8,16), 2) | Integer.parseInt(invertedMaskBin.substring(8,16), 2);
    def oct_3 = Integer.parseInt(ipAddrBin.substring(16,24), 2) | Integer.parseInt(invertedMaskBin.substring(16,24), 2);
    def oct_4 = Integer.parseInt(ipAddrBin.substring(24,32), 2) | Integer.parseInt(invertedMaskBin.substring(24,32), 2);

    def t_oct = oct_1 + "."+ oct_2 + "." +  oct_3 + "." + oct_4;
    return t_oct
}

def retrieveNetworkAddr(String ipAddrBin, String maskInBin)
{
    def oct_1 = Integer.parseInt(ipAddrBin.substring(0,8), 2) & Integer.parseInt(maskInBin.substring(0,8), 2);
    def oct_2 = Integer.parseInt(ipAddrBin.substring(8,16), 2) & Integer.parseInt(maskInBin.substring(8,16), 2);
    def oct_3 = Integer.parseInt(ipAddrBin.substring(16,24), 2) & Integer.parseInt(maskInBin.substring(16,24), 2);
    def oct_4 = Integer.parseInt(ipAddrBin.substring(24,32), 2) & Integer.parseInt(maskInBin.substring(24,32), 2);

    def t_oct = oct_1 + "."+ oct_2 + "." +  oct_3 + "." + oct_4;
    return t_oct
}

def getMinMaxIpRangeValues(networkAddr, broadcastAddr)
{
    String[] ipAddrOctetArray = networkAddr.split("\\.");
    String[] broadcastOctetArray = broadcastAddr.split("\\.");

    String minRangeVal = ipAddrOctetArray[0] + "." + ipAddrOctetArray[1] + "." + ipAddrOctetArray[2] + "." + (Integer.parseInt(ipAddrOctetArray[3]) + 1)
    String maxRangeVal = broadcastOctetArray[0] + "." +broadcastOctetArray[1] + "." +broadcastOctetArray[2] + "." + (Integer.parseInt(broadcastOctetArray[3]) - 1)

    return[minRangeVal, maxRangeVal]
}

//IP list generate
public static long host2long(String host) 
{
    long ip=0;
    if (!Character.isDigit(host.charAt(0))) return -1;
    int[] addr = ip2intarray(host);
    if (addr == null) return -1;
    for (int i=0;i<addr.length;++i) 
    {
        ip += ((long)(addr[i]>=0 ? addr[i] : 0)) << 8*(3-i);
    }
    return ip;
}

public static int[] ip2intarray(String host) 
{
    Integer[] address = [-1,-1,-1,-1];
    int i=0;
    StringTokenizer tokens = new StringTokenizer(host,".");
    if (tokens.countTokens() > 4) return null;
    while (tokens.hasMoreTokens()) 
    {
        try 
        {
            address[i++] = Integer.parseInt(tokens.nextToken()) & 0xFF;
        } 
        catch(NumberFormatException nfe) 
        {
            return null;
        }
    }
    return address;
}

public static String long2dotted(long ip) 
{
    // if ip is bigger than 255.255.255.255 or smaller than 0.0.0.0
    if (ip > 4294967295l || ip < 0) 
    {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid ip");
    }
    StringBuilder ipAddress = new StringBuilder();
    for (int i = 3; i >= 0; i--) {
        int shift = i * 8;
        ipAddress.append((ip & (0xff << shift)) >> shift);
        if (i > 0) {
            ipAddress.append(".");
        }
    }
    return ipAddress.toString();
}
1
这是大多数丑陋的Java代码，只有几个“def”。在适当的Groovy中，它的大小将会减半。 - Renato
1
你可以使用Spring Framework中的org.springframework.security.web.util.IpAddressMatcher。
https://github.com/edazdarevic/CIDRUtils 提供IPv6支持以及测试IP地址是否在范围内的功能。但是缺少掩码长度。请参考此答案https://dev59.com/H3RB5IYBdhLWcg3wpoxm#15041513。 - Jan H
0

Apache Java类SubnetUtils可以帮助完成这些操作：

String[] parts = ipv4Cidr.split("/");
if (parts[1].equals("0"))
{
    // This accepts all ip addresses.  Technically not a subnet.
    maskLength = 0;
    maskAdress = "0.0.0.0"
}
else
{
     maskLength = Integer.parseInt(parts[1]);
     cidrInfo = new SubnetUtils(ipv4Cidr).getInfo();
     maskAdress = cidrInfo.asInteger(cidrInfo.getNetmask());
     networkAddress = cidrInfo.getNetworkAddress()
}
0

这里是一个简单的Groovy示例

def cidrAddress = '192.168.10.0/24'
def cidrAddressList = cidrAddress.tokenize("\\/")
def baseIPAddress = cidrAddressList.first()
def cidrIPMask = cidrAddressList.last().toInteger()
def netMaskList = []
Integer fullOctets = cidrIPMask.intdiv(8)
fullOctets.times {netMaskList.add('255')}
def remainder = cidrIPMask % 8
netMaskList.add((256 - (2 ** (8 - remainder))).toString())
netMaskList.addAll(['0','0','0','0'])
def netMask = netMaskList.flatten().getAt(0..3).join('.')
return [cidrAddress,baseIPAddress,cidrIPMask,netMask]
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