在Python中用另一个字符串替换单词列表中的所有单词

Question

在Python中用另一个字符串替换单词列表中的所有单词

10

我有一个用户输入的字符串，想要搜索并替换其中出现在一个单词列表中的任何单词为我的替换字符串。

import re

prohibitedWords = ["MVGame","Kappa","DatSheffy","DansGame","BrainSlug","SwiftRage","Kreygasm","ArsonNoSexy","GingerPower","Poooound","TooSpicy"]


# word[1] contains the user entered message
themessage = str(word[1])    
# would like to implement a foreach loop here but not sure how to do it in python
for themessage in prohibitedwords:
    themessage =  re.sub(prohibitedWords, "(I'm an idiot)", themessage)

print themessage

以上代码不起作用，我确信我不理解Python中的for循环是如何工作的。

- Zac

你应该尝试查看Python的SpamBayes实现，可能更具可扩展性。 - dusual

4个回答

6

试试这个：

prohibitedWords = ["MVGame","Kappa","DatSheffy","DansGame","BrainSlug","SwiftRage","Kreygasm","ArsonNoSexy","GingerPower","Poooound","TooSpicy"]

themessage = str(word[1])    
for word in prohibitedwords:
    themessage =  themessage.replace(word, "(I'm an idiot)")

print themessage

- Artsiom Rudzenka

这很脆弱：正如Bakuriu所解释的那样，当一个被禁止的词是另一个字符串的子字符串时，它很容易被破坏。 - Adam

1

@codesparkle 这并不意味着它是错误的，你总是根据特定条件选择你的选项。 - Artsiom Rudzenka

1

基于Bakariu的回答，

使用re.sub更简单的方法如下。

words = ['random', 'words']
text = 'a sample message with random words'

new_sentence = re.sub("random|words", "swords", text)

输出结果为“带有剑的样本消息”。

- foodog123

0

代码：

prohibitedWords =["MVGame","Kappa","DatSheffy","DansGame",
                  "BrainSlug","SwiftRage","Kreygasm",
                  "ArsonNoSexy","GingerPower","Poooound","TooSpicy"]
themessage = 'Brain'   
self_criticism = '(I`m an idiot)'
final_message = [i.replace(themessage, self_criticism) for i in prohibitedWords]
print final_message

结果：

['MVGame', 'Kappa', 'DatSheffy', 'DansGame', '(I`m an idiot)Slug', 'SwiftRage',
'Kreygasm', 'ArsonNoSexy', 'GingerPower', 'Poooound','TooSpicy']

- Vladimir Chub

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- Bakuriu · Accepted Answer

您可以通过一次调用sub来实现这一点：

big_regex = re.compile('|'.join(map(re.escape, prohibitedWords)))
the_message = big_regex.sub("repl-string", str(word[1]))

例子：

>>> import re
>>> prohibitedWords = ['Some', 'Random', 'Words']
>>> big_regex = re.compile('|'.join(map(re.escape, prohibitedWords)))
>>> the_message = big_regex.sub("<replaced>", 'this message contains Some really Random Words')
>>> the_message
'this message contains <replaced> really <replaced> <replaced>'

请注意，使用str.replace可能会导致微妙的错误：

>>> words = ['random', 'words']
>>> text = 'a sample message with random words'
>>> for word in words:
...     text = text.replace(word, 'swords')
... 
>>> text
'a sample message with sswords swords'

使用 re.sub 可以得到正确的结果：

>>> big_regex = re.compile('|'.join(map(re.escape, words)))
>>> big_regex.sub("swords", 'a sample message with random words')
'a sample message with swords swords'

正如thg435所指出的，如果你想替换单词而不是每个子字符串，你可以在正则表达式中添加单词边界：

big_regex = re.compile(r'\b%s\b' % r'\b|\b'.join(map(re.escape, words)))

这将替换'random'在'random words'中但不会替换'pseudorandom words'。