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使用Robolectric和AndroidAnnotations进行Android测试

androidrobolectricandroid-annotations
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我正在使用AndroidAnnotations开发应用程序，并希望使用Robolectric进行单元测试。

但是我无法使其正常工作。 应用程序和测试位于同一个项目中。 源代码位于/src/main/java下，测试代码位于/src/test/java下。这两个文件夹都是源文件夹。

当我使用Eclipse JUnit启动器从Eclipse运行测试时，会出现以下错误：

Class not found org.demoapp.MyActivityTest
java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.demoapp.MyActivityTest
    at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:202)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:190)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:307)
    at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:301)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:248)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.loadClass(RemoteTestRunner.java:693)

当从命令行运行mvn clean test时，我得到以下结果：

[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:2.3.2:compile (default-compile) on project demo-app: Compilation failure:
[ERROR] \demo-app\src\test\java\org\demoapp\MyActivityTest.java:[3,16] package org.junit does not exist
[ERROR] \demo-app\src\test\java\org\demoapp\MyActivityTest.java:[4,23] package org.junit.runner does not exist
[ERROR] \demo-app\src\test\java\org\demoapp\MyActivityTest.java:[6,33] package com.xtremelabs.robolectric does not exist
[ERROR] \demo-app\src\test\java\org\demoapp\MyActivityTest.java:[8,1] cannot find symbol
[ERROR] symbol: class RunWith
...
...

尽管所有课程都可以在eclipse中编译，但我实际上不知道问题出在哪里。我应该从哪里开始？
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>org.demoapp</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo-app</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>apk</packaging>
    <name>Demo :: App</name>

    <properties>
        <environment>development</environment>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.android</groupId>
            <artifactId>android</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.googlecode.libphonenumber</groupId>
            <artifactId>libphonenumber</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
            <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.googlecode.androidannotations</groupId>
            <artifactId>androidannotations</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.googlecode.androidannotations</groupId>
            <artifactId>androidannotations</artifactId>
            <classifier>api</classifier>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.pivotallabs</groupId>
            <artifactId>robolectric</artifactId>
            <version>1.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.8.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>

        <sourceDirectory>src</sourceDirectory>

        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.6</source>
                    <target>1.6</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>com.jayway.maven.plugins.android.generation2</groupId>
                <artifactId>android-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.3.0</version>
                <extensions>true</extensions>
                <configuration>
                    <manifest>
                        <debuggable>true</debuggable>
                    </manifest>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>manifestUpdate</id>
                        <phase>process-resources</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>manifest-update</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                    <execution>
                        <id>alignApk</id>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>zipalign</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>

        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.3.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-jarsigner-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>1.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.5</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>

                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
                    <artifactId>build-helper-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>1.5</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.eclipse.m2e</groupId>
                    <artifactId>lifecycle-mapping</artifactId>
                    <version>1.0.0</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <lifecycleMappingMetadata>
                            <pluginExecutions>
                                <pluginExecution>
                                    <pluginExecutionFilter>
                                        <groupId>com.jayway.maven.plugins.android.generation2</groupId>
                                        <artifactId>android-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                                        <versionRange>[3.2.0,)</versionRange>
                                        <goals>
                                            <goal>manifest-update</goal>
                                        </goals>
                                    </pluginExecutionFilter>
                                    <action>
                                        <execute />
                                    </action>
                                </pluginExecution>
                            </pluginExecutions>
                        </lifecycleMappingMetadata>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>

    <profiles>
        <profile>
            <id>development</id>
            <activation>
                <property>
                    <name>environment</name>
                    <value>!production</value>
                </property>
            </activation>
            <properties>
                <deployment.stage>In Development</deployment.stage>
            </properties>
        </profile>
        <profile>
            <id>production</id>
            <properties>
                <deployment.stage>In Production</deployment.stage>
            </properties>
        </profile>
        <profile>
            <id>release</id>
            <activation>
                <property>
                    <name>performRelease</name>
                    <value>true</value>
                </property>
            </activation>
            <build>
                <plugins>
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                        <artifactId>maven-jarsigner-plugin</artifactId>
                        <executions>
                            <execution>
                                <id>signing</id>
                                <goals>
                                    <goal>sign</goal>
                                    <goal>verify</goal>
                                </goals>
                                <phase>package</phase>
                                <inherited>true</inherited>
                                <configuration>
                                    <removeExistingSignatures>true</removeExistingSignatures>
                                    <archiveDirectory />
                                    <includes>
                                        <include>${project.build.directory}/${project.artifactId}.apk</include>
                                    </includes>
                                    <keystore>keystore/keys.keystore</keystore>
                                    <alias>alias</alias>
                                    <storepass>${sign.storepass}</storepass>
                                    <keypass>${sign.keypass}</keypass>
                                    <verbose>true</verbose>
                                </configuration>
                            </execution>
                        </executions>
                    </plugin>
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>com.jayway.maven.plugins.android.generation2</groupId>
                        <artifactId>android-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                        <version>3.3.0</version>
                        <inherited>true</inherited>
                        <configuration>
                            <sign>
                                <debug>false</debug>
                            </sign>
                            <zipalign>
                                <verbose>true</verbose>
                                <inputApk>${project.build.directory}/${project.artifactId}.apk</inputApk>
                                <outputApk>${project.build.directory}/${project.artifactId}-signed-aligned.apk
                                </outputApk>
                            </zipalign>
                            <manifest>
                                <debuggable>false</debuggable>
                                <versionName>${project.version}</versionName>
                                <versionCodeAutoIncrement>true</versionCodeAutoIncrement>
                            </manifest>
                            <proguard>
                                <skip>true</skip>
                            </proguard>
                        </configuration>
                        <executions>
                            <execution>
                                <id>manifestUpdate</id>
                                <phase>process-resources</phase>
                                <goals>
                                    <goal>manifest-update</goal>
                                </goals>
                            </execution>
                            <execution>
                                <id>alignApk</id>
                                <phase>package</phase>
                                <goals>
                                    <goal>zipalign</goal>
                                </goals>
                            </execution>
                        </executions>
                    </plugin>
                </plugins>
            </build>
        </profile>
    </profiles>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.google.android</groupId>
                <artifactId>android</artifactId>
                <version>2.3.1</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
                <version>1.3.2</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.googlecode.libphonenumber</groupId>
                <artifactId>libphonenumber</artifactId>
                <version>5.1</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
                <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
                <version>2.2.2</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
                <version>2.6</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.googlecode.androidannotations</groupId>
                <artifactId>androidannotations</artifactId>
                <version>2.6</version>
                <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.googlecode.androidannotations</groupId>
                <artifactId>androidannotations</artifactId>
                <classifier>api</classifier>
                <version>2.6</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>
请附上您项目的pom.xml文件。 - yorkw
第一个故障是已知的错误（请参见下面的我的注释）,但是，您应该能够通过命令行运行它。根据您第二个失败的错误日志，似乎您的项目类路径有问题。 - yorkw
1个回答
3
在您的pom.xml文件中，您将源目录设置为src，但是您说您的源代码在src/main/java文件夹中，测试代码在src/test/java文件夹中。
请尝试删除<sourceDirectory>src</sourceDirectory>，这样Maven就会使用默认的文件结构。
另外，目前我从Eclipse中无法启动使用robolectric的单元测试... 但是使用maven可以。
1
这是m2e-android（或者也许是m2e）的一个已知bug。我猜根本原因是Eclipse JUnit Runner更喜欢不同于Android ADT默认使用的输出目录，请参见我在相关bug中的评论。我能够通过手动将bin/下的内容复制到target/classes中来使Eclipse JUnit测试运行，但正如您所看到的，这相当不干净，因为每次修改代码时都需要这样做。 - yorkw
好的，继续前进 :) 我的pom文件需要包含其他内容吗？因为现在我遇到了“java.lang.TypeNotPresentException: Type com.google.android.maps.GeoPoint not present”错误。 - Martynas Jurkus
1
你是否添加了以下依赖项？ <dependency> <groupId>com.google.android.maps</groupId> <artifactId>maps</artifactId> <version>10_r2</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> - DayS
我需要它，即使我不使用它？那很奇怪。它与该依赖项一起工作。 - Martynas Jurkus
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