我需要让我的批处理文件接受多个可选的命名参数。
mycmd.bat man1 man2 -username alice -otheroption
例如,我的命令有两个必填参数和两个可选参数(-username)的参数值为alice,-otheroption:我想能够将这些值提取到变量中。
只是向已经解决过这个问题的人发出一个请求。天啊,这些批处理文件真让人头疼。
我需要让我的批处理文件接受多个可选的命名参数。
mycmd.bat man1 man2 -username alice -otheroption
例如,我的命令有两个必填参数和两个可选参数(-username)的参数值为alice,-otheroption:虽然我倾向于同意@AlekDavis的评论,但在NT shell中仍有几种方法可以实现这一点。
我会利用SHIFT命令和IF条件分支的方法来解决问题,类似于以下内容...
@ECHO OFF
SET man1=%1
SET man2=%2
SHIFT & SHIFT
:loop
IF NOT "%1"=="" (
IF "%1"=="-username" (
SET user=%2
SHIFT
)
IF "%1"=="-otheroption" (
SET other=%2
SHIFT
)
SHIFT
GOTO :loop
)
ECHO Man1 = %man1%
ECHO Man2 = %man2%
ECHO Username = %user%
ECHO Other option = %other%
REM ...do stuff here...
:theend
mycmd.bat -username anyvalue -username myName -otheroption othervalue
。结果应该是 user=myName,other=othervalue;但是代码给出的结果是 user=-username,other=othervalue。通过用 SHIFT & SHIFT
替换 SHIFT /2
来修复此错误。 - dbenham;
的说法是不正确的- 它不能替代&
。 - dbenham-username
和-otheroption
时,变量会保留值,如果再次运行没有这些参数的代码,则可以看到先前Username
和Other
的值。我认为必须在代码开头重置变量,使用以下代码:SET user= & SET other=
。 - Nabi K.A.Z.%~1
和%~2
代替%1
和%2
来忽略双引号("
)两侧的值。 - Nabi K.A.Z.选定的答案是有效的,但它可以改进一下。
我的解决方案依赖于创建一个OPTIONS变量,该变量定义所有选项及其默认值。OPTIONS还用于测试提供的选项是否有效。通过简单地将选项值存储在与选项名称相同的变量中,可以节省大量代码。代码量不受定义的选项数量影响;只需更改OPTIONS定义即可。
编辑 - 此外,如果强制位置参数的数量发生更改,则必须更改:loop代码。例如,通常所有参数都是命名的,在这种情况下,您希望从位置1开始解析参数而不是3。因此,在:loop内,所有3变为1,4变为2。
@echo off
setlocal enableDelayedExpansion
:: Define the option names along with default values, using a <space>
:: delimiter between options. I'm using some generic option names, but
:: normally each option would have a meaningful name.
::
:: Each option has the format -name:[default]
::
:: The option names are NOT case sensitive.
::
:: Options that have a default value expect the subsequent command line
:: argument to contain the value. If the option is not provided then the
:: option is set to the default. If the default contains spaces, contains
:: special characters, or starts with a colon, then it should be enclosed
:: within double quotes. The default can be undefined by specifying the
:: default as empty quotes "".
:: NOTE - defaults cannot contain * or ? with this solution.
::
:: Options that are specified without any default value are simply flags
:: that are either defined or undefined. All flags start out undefined by
:: default and become defined if the option is supplied.
::
:: The order of the definitions is not important.
::
set "options=-username:/ -option2:"" -option3:"three word default" -flag1: -flag2:"
:: Set the default option values
for %%O in (%options%) do for /f "tokens=1,* delims=:" %%A in ("%%O") do set "%%A=%%~B"
:loop
:: Validate and store the options, one at a time, using a loop.
:: Options start at arg 3 in this example. Each SHIFT is done starting at
:: the first option so required args are preserved.
::
if not "%~3"=="" (
set "test=!options:*%~3:=! "
if "!test!"=="!options! " (
rem No substitution was made so this is an invalid option.
rem Error handling goes here.
rem I will simply echo an error message.
echo Error: Invalid option %~3
) else if "!test:~0,1!"==" " (
rem Set the flag option using the option name.
rem The value doesn't matter, it just needs to be defined.
set "%~3=1"
) else (
rem Set the option value using the option as the name.
rem and the next arg as the value
set "%~3=%~4"
shift /3
)
shift /3
goto :loop
)
:: Now all supplied options are stored in variables whose names are the
:: option names. Missing options have the default value, or are undefined if
:: there is no default.
:: The required args are still available in %1 and %2 (and %0 is also preserved)
:: For this example I will simply echo all the option values,
:: assuming any variable starting with - is an option.
::
set -
:: To get the value of a single parameter, just remember to include the `-`
echo The value of -username is: !-username!
实际上,代码并不多。上面的大部分代码都是注释。这里是完全相同的代码,没有注释。
@echo off
setlocal enableDelayedExpansion
set "options=-username:/ -option2:"" -option3:"three word default" -flag1: -flag2:"
for %%O in (%options%) do for /f "tokens=1,* delims=:" %%A in ("%%O") do set "%%A=%%~B"
:loop
if not "%~3"=="" (
set "test=!options:*%~3:=! "
if "!test!"=="!options! " (
echo Error: Invalid option %~3
) else if "!test:~0,1!"==" " (
set "%~3=1"
) else (
set "%~3=%~4"
shift /3
)
shift /3
goto :loop
)
set -
:: To get the value of a single parameter, just remember to include the `-`
echo The value of -username is: !-username!
/
为前缀。%1
处的选项,并持续到第一个参数不以/
开头为止。/
开头,则必须将SET赋值括在引号中。SET /VAR=VALUE
会失败SET "/VAR=VALUE"
会成功。我已经在我的解决方案中这样做了。/
开头的可能性。可以通过使用隐式定义的//
选项来消除此限制,该选项用作退出选项解析循环的信号。对于//
“选项”,不会存储任何内容。
更新2015-12-28:支持选项值中的!
在上面的代码中,启用延迟扩展时会扩展每个参数,这意味着!
很可能会被删除,否则类似!var!
的内容将被扩展。此外,如果存在!
,则^
也可能被删除。下面对未注释的代码进行了小修改,以消除限制,使选项值中保留!
和^
。
@echo off
setlocal enableDelayedExpansion
set "options=-username:/ -option2:"" -option3:"three word default" -flag1: -flag2:"
for %%O in (%options%) do for /f "tokens=1,* delims=:" %%A in ("%%O") do set "%%A=%%~B"
:loop
if not "%~3"=="" (
set "test=!options:*%~3:=! "
if "!test!"=="!options! " (
echo Error: Invalid option %~3
) else if "!test:~0,1!"==" " (
set "%~3=1"
) else (
setlocal disableDelayedExpansion
set "val=%~4"
call :escapeVal
setlocal enableDelayedExpansion
for /f delims^=^ eol^= %%A in ("!val!") do endlocal&endlocal&set "%~3=%%A" !
shift /3
)
shift /3
goto :loop
)
goto :endArgs
:escapeVal
set "val=%val:^=^^%"
set "val=%val:!=^!%"
exit /b
:endArgs
set -
:: To get the value of a single parameter, just remember to include the `-`
echo The value of -username is: !-username!
如果您想使用可选参数,但不想使用命名参数,则这种方法对我很有效。我认为这是更易于理解的代码。
REM Get argument values. If not specified, use default values.
IF "%1"=="" ( SET "DatabaseServer=localhost" ) ELSE ( SET "DatabaseServer=%1" )
IF "%2"=="" ( SET "DatabaseName=MyDatabase" ) ELSE ( SET "DatabaseName=%2" )
REM Do work
ECHO Database Server = %DatabaseServer%
ECHO Database Name = %DatabaseName%
优点
%1
,%2
,... %*
/arg
和-arg
两种风格缺点
setlocal
进行本地作用域或编写相应的:CLEAR-ARGS
例程!--force
转换为-f
)""
参数以下是一个示例,说明以下参数与.bat变量的关系:
>> testargs.bat /b 3 -c /d /e /f /g /h /i /j /k /bar 5 /foo "c:\"
echo %* | /b 3 -c /d /e /f /g /h /i /j /k /bar 5 /foo "c:\"
echo %ARG_FOO% | c:\
echo %ARG_A% |
echo %ARG_B% | 3
echo %ARG_C% | 1
echo %ARG_D% | 1
@echo off
setlocal
CALL :ARG-PARSER %*
::Print examples
echo: ALL: %*
echo: FOO: %ARG_FOO%
echo: A: %ARG_A%
echo: B: %ARG_B%
echo: C: %ARG_C%
echo: D: %ARG_D%
::*********************************************************
:: Parse commandline arguments into sane variables
:: See the following scenario as usage example:
:: >> thisfile.bat /a /b "c:\" /c /foo 5
:: >> CALL :ARG-PARSER %*
:: ARG_a=1
:: ARG_b=c:\
:: ARG_c=1
:: ARG_foo=5
::*********************************************************
:ARG-PARSER
::Loop until two consecutive empty args
:loopargs
IF "%~1%~2" EQU "" GOTO :EOF
set "arg1=%~1"
set "arg2=%~2"
shift
::Allow either / or -
set "tst1=%arg1:-=/%"
if "%arg1%" NEQ "" (
set "tst1=%tst1:~0,1%"
) ELSE (
set "tst1="
)
set "tst2=%arg2:-=/%"
if "%arg2%" NEQ "" (
set "tst2=%tst2:~0,1%"
) ELSE (
set "tst2="
)
::Capture assignments (eg. /foo bar)
IF "%tst1%" EQU "/" IF "%tst2%" NEQ "/" IF "%tst2%" NEQ "" (
set "ARG_%arg1:~1%=%arg2%"
GOTO loopargs
)
::Capture flags (eg. /foo)
IF "%tst1%" EQU "/" (
set "ARG_%arg1:~1%=1"
GOTO loopargs
)
goto loopargs
GOTO :EOF
:ARG-PARSER
程序的内容移动到一个外部的 .bat 文件中,例如 arg-parser.bat
,以便其他脚本也可以使用它。 - Simon Streichergetargs anystr1 anystr2 /test$1 /test$2=123 /test$3 str anystr3
"_SEP_=/"
,如果需要重新定义,请进行修改。@echo off
REM Command line argument parser. Format (both "=" and "space" separators are supported):
REM anystring1 anystring2 /param1 /param2=value2 /param3 value3 [...] anystring3 anystring4
REM Returns enviroment variables as:
REM param1=1
REM param2=value2
REM param3=value3
REM Leading and traling strings are preserved as %1, %2, %3 ... %9 parameters
REM but maximum total number of strings is 9 and max number of leading strings is 8
REM Number of parameters is not limited!
set _CNT_=1
set _SEP_=/
:PARSE
if %_CNT_%==1 set _PARAM1_=%1 & set _PARAM2_=%2
if %_CNT_%==2 set _PARAM1_=%2 & set _PARAM2_=%3
if %_CNT_%==3 set _PARAM1_=%3 & set _PARAM2_=%4
if %_CNT_%==4 set _PARAM1_=%4 & set _PARAM2_=%5
if %_CNT_%==5 set _PARAM1_=%5 & set _PARAM2_=%6
if %_CNT_%==6 set _PARAM1_=%6 & set _PARAM2_=%7
if %_CNT_%==7 set _PARAM1_=%7 & set _PARAM2_=%8
if %_CNT_%==8 set _PARAM1_=%8 & set _PARAM2_=%9
if "%_PARAM2_%"=="" set _PARAM2_=1
if "%_PARAM1_:~0,1%"=="%_SEP_%" (
if "%_PARAM2_:~0,1%"=="%_SEP_%" (
set %_PARAM1_:~1,-1%=1
shift /%_CNT_%
) else (
set %_PARAM1_:~1,-1%=%_PARAM2_%
shift /%_CNT_%
shift /%_CNT_%
)
) else (
set /a _CNT_+=1
)
if /i %_CNT_% LSS 9 goto :PARSE
set _PARAM1_=
set _PARAM2_=
set _CNT_=
rem getargs anystr1 anystr2 /test$1 /test$2=123 /test$3 str anystr3
rem set | find "test$"
rem echo %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9
:EXIT
我曾经编写过一个程序,用于处理批处理文件中的短选项(-h)、长选项(--help)和非选项参数。
这个技巧包括:
非选项参数后跟随选项参数。
对于像“--help”这样没有参数的选项,使用shift运算符。
对于需要参数的选项,使用两次shift运算符。
循环遍历标签以处理所有命令行参数。
对于不需要进一步操作的选项(如“--help”),退出脚本并停止处理。
编写帮助函数以指导用户。
以下是我的代码。
set BOARD=
set WORKSPACE=
set CFLAGS=
set LIB_INSTALL=true
set PREFIX=lib
set PROGRAM=install_boards
:initial
set result=false
if "%1" == "-h" set result=true
if "%1" == "--help" set result=true
if "%result%" == "true" (
goto :usage
)
if "%1" == "-b" set result=true
if "%1" == "--board" set result=true
if "%result%" == "true" (
goto :board_list
)
if "%1" == "-n" set result=true
if "%1" == "--no-lib" set result=true
if "%result%" == "true" (
set LIB_INSTALL=false
shift & goto :initial
)
if "%1" == "-c" set result=true
if "%1" == "--cflag" set result=true
if "%result%" == "true" (
set CFLAGS=%2
if not defined CFLAGS (
echo %PROGRAM%: option requires an argument -- 'c'
goto :try_usage
)
shift & shift & goto :initial
)
if "%1" == "-p" set result=true
if "%1" == "--prefix" set result=true
if "%result%" == "true" (
set PREFIX=%2
if not defined PREFIX (
echo %PROGRAM%: option requires an argument -- 'p'
goto :try_usage
)
shift & shift & goto :initial
)
:: handle non-option arguments
set BOARD=%1
set WORKSPACE=%2
goto :eof
:: Help section
:usage
echo Usage: %PROGRAM% [OPTIONS]... BOARD... WORKSPACE
echo Install BOARD to WORKSPACE location.
echo WORKSPACE directory doesn't already exist!
echo.
echo Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
echo -h, --help display this help and exit
echo -b, --boards inquire about available CS3 boards
echo -c, --cflag=CFLAGS making the CS3 BOARD libraries for CFLAGS
echo -p. --prefix=PREFIX install CS3 BOARD libraries in PREFIX
echo [lib]
echo -n, --no-lib don't install CS3 BOARD libraries by default
goto :eof
:try_usage
echo Try '%PROGRAM% --help' for more information
goto :eof
http://web.archive.org/web/20090403050231/http://www.pcguide.com/vb/showthread.php?t=52323
。 - Brent Rittenhouse