在Python中如何发送和接收UDP多播数据?是否有标准库可供使用?
import socket
import struct
MCAST_GRP = '224.1.1.1'
MCAST_PORT = 5007
IS_ALL_GROUPS = True
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.IPPROTO_UDP)
sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
if IS_ALL_GROUPS:
# on this port, receives ALL multicast groups
sock.bind(('', MCAST_PORT))
else:
# on this port, listen ONLY to MCAST_GRP
sock.bind((MCAST_GRP, MCAST_PORT))
mreq = struct.pack("4sl", socket.inet_aton(MCAST_GRP), socket.INADDR_ANY)
sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, mreq)
while True:
# For Python 3, change next line to "print(sock.recv(10240))"
print sock.recv(10240)
发送
import socket
MCAST_GRP = '224.1.1.1'
MCAST_PORT = 5007
# regarding socket.IP_MULTICAST_TTL
# ---------------------------------
# for all packets sent, after two hops on the network the packet will not
# be re-sent/broadcast (see https://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Multicast-HOWTO-6.html)
MULTICAST_TTL = 2
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.IPPROTO_UDP)
sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_MULTICAST_TTL, MULTICAST_TTL)
# For Python 3, change next line to 'sock.sendto(b"robot", ...' to avoid the
# "bytes-like object is required" msg (https://dev59.com/YFgQ5IYBdhLWcg3wikeT#42612820)
sock.sendto("robot", (MCAST_GRP, MCAST_PORT))
这是基于http://wiki.python.org/moin/UdpCommunication上的示例进行修改的,但实际并未奏效。
我的系统环境为... Linux 2.6.31-15-generic #50-Ubuntu SMP Tue Nov 10 14:54:29 UTC 2009 i686 GNU/Linux Python 2.6.4
广播到组播组的多播发送者:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import socket
import struct
def main():
MCAST_GRP = '224.1.1.1'
MCAST_PORT = 5007
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.IPPROTO_UDP)
sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_MULTICAST_TTL, 32)
sock.sendto('Hello World!', (MCAST_GRP, MCAST_PORT))
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
从多播组读取数据并将十六进制数据打印到控制台的多播接收器:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import socket
import binascii
def main():
MCAST_GRP = '224.1.1.1'
MCAST_PORT = 5007
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.IPPROTO_UDP)
try:
sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
except AttributeError:
pass
sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_MULTICAST_TTL, 32)
sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, 1)
sock.bind((MCAST_GRP, MCAST_PORT))
host = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_IP, socket.IP_MULTICAST_IF, socket.inet_aton(host))
sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_IP, socket.IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,
socket.inet_aton(MCAST_GRP) + socket.inet_aton(host))
while 1:
try:
data, addr = sock.recvfrom(1024)
except socket.error, e:
print 'Exception'
else:
hexdata = binascii.hexlify(data)
print 'Data = %s' % hexdata
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
sock.bind((MCAST_GRP,MCAST_PORT))
。 - stefanB最好使用:
sock.bind((MCAST_GRP, MCAST_PORT))
使用以下代码:
sock.bind(('', MCAST_PORT))
因为如果你想在同一端口上监听多个多播组,你将会收到所有的消息。
from socket import *
multicast_port = 55555
multicast_group = "224.1.1.1"
interface_ip = "10.11.1.43"
s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM )
s.bind(("", multicast_port ))
mreq = inet_aton(multicast_group) + inet_aton(interface_ip)
s.setsockopt(IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, str(mreq))
while 1:
print s.recv(1500)
为了解释其他答案中代码中的一些微妙点,这里提供另一个答案:
socket.INADDR_ANY
- (编辑)在IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP
的上下文中,这并不是真正地将套接字绑定到所有接口,而是选择组播已启用的默认接口(根据路由表)有关多播如何工作的更多信息,请参见What does it mean to bind a multicast (UDP) socket?
多播接收器:
import socket
import struct
import argparse
def run(groups, port, iface=None, bind_group=None):
# generally speaking you want to bind to one of the groups you joined in
# this script,
# but it is also possible to bind to group which is added by some other
# programs (like another python program instance of this)
# assert bind_group in groups + [None], \
# 'bind group not in groups to join'
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.IPPROTO_UDP)
# allow reuse of socket (to allow another instance of python running this
# script binding to the same ip/port)
sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
sock.bind(('' if bind_group is None else bind_group, port))
for group in groups:
mreq = struct.pack(
'4sl' if iface is None else '4s4s',
socket.inet_aton(group),
socket.INADDR_ANY if iface is None else socket.inet_aton(iface))
sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, mreq)
while True:
print(sock.recv(10240))
if __name__ == '__main__':
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--port', type=int, default=19900)
parser.add_argument('--join-mcast-groups', default=[], nargs='*',
help='multicast groups (ip addrs) to listen to join')
parser.add_argument(
'--iface', default=None,
help='local interface to use for listening to multicast data; '
'if unspecified, any interface would be chosen')
parser.add_argument(
'--bind-group', default=None,
help='multicast groups (ip addrs) to bind to for the udp socket; '
'should be one of the multicast groups joined globally '
'(not necessarily joined in this python program) '
'in the interface specified by --iface. '
'If unspecified, bind to 0.0.0.0 '
'(all addresses (all multicast addresses) of that interface)')
args = parser.parse_args()
run(args.join_mcast_groups, args.port, args.iface, args.bind_group)
使用示例:(在两个控制台中运行以下命令,并选择自己的--iface(必须与接收组播数据的接口相同))
python3 multicast_recv.py --iface='192.168.56.102' --join-mcast-groups '224.1.1.1' '224.1.1.2' '224.1.1.3' --bind-group '224.1.1.2'
python3 multicast_recv.py --iface='192.168.56.102' --join-mcast-groups '224.1.1.4'
组播发送器:
import socket
import argparse
def run(group, port):
MULTICAST_TTL = 20
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.IPPROTO_UDP)
sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_MULTICAST_TTL, MULTICAST_TTL)
sock.sendto(b'from multicast_send.py: ' +
f'group: {group}, port: {port}'.encode(), (group, port))
if __name__ == '__main__':
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--mcast-group', default='224.1.1.1')
parser.add_argument('--port', default=19900)
args = parser.parse_args()
run(args.mcast_group, args.port)
示例用法:# 假设接收者绑定到以下多播组地址,并且某些程序请求加入该组。并且为了简化情况,假设接收者和发送者在同一子网下
python3 multicast_send.py --mcast-group '224.1.1.2'
python3 multicast_send.py --mcast-group '224.1.1.4'
请看py-multicast。网络模块可以检查接口是否支持多播(至少在Linux上)。
import multicast
from multicast import network
receiver = multicast.MulticastUDPReceiver ("eth0", "238.0.0.1", 1234 )
data = receiver.read()
receiver.close()
config = network.ifconfig()
print config['eth0'].addresses
# ['10.0.0.1']
print config['eth0'].multicast
#True - eth0 supports multicast
print config['eth0'].up
#True - eth0 is up
IP_MULTICAST_TTL
套接字选项的ttl值传递为无符号字符。否则,您将会遇到错误。这对我在Solaris 10和11上有效:import socket
import struct
MCAST_GRP = '224.1.1.1'
MCAST_PORT = 5007
ttl = struct.pack('B', 2)
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.IPPROTO_UDP)
sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_MULTICAST_TTL, ttl)
sock.sendto("robot", (MCAST_GRP, MCAST_PORT))
GumD和GumC https://github.com/futzu/gumd
我主要使用GumD处理视频,但您可以用它来处理任何类型的文件。
pip3 install gumd
gumd(守护进程)
>>>> from gumd import GumD
>>>> gumd =GumD('235.35.3.5:3535',1)
>>>> gumd.mcast("/home/a/stuff.txt")
# Can also use http(s), UDP and multicast
stream uri: udp://@235.35.3.5:3535
>>>>
使用gumc(客户端)
>>>> from gumc import GumC
>>>> gumc = GumC("udp://@235.35.3.5:3535")
>>>> data = gumc.read(8)
>>>> data
b'Helloooo'
import socket
import platform
from contextlib import closing
address = "239.50.50.50"
port = 6000
network_adapter = "172.16.0.93"
with closing(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.IPPROTO_UDP)) as sock:
# SO_REUSEADDR: allows binding to port potentially already in use
sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
# linux binds to multicast address, windows to interface address
ip_bind = network_adapter if platform.system() == "Windows" else address
sock.bind((ip_bind, port))
# socket.IPPROTO_IP works on Linux and Windows
# IP_MULTICAST_IF: force sending network traffic over specific network adapter
# IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP: join multicast group
sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_MULTICAST_IF, socket.inet_aton(network_adapter))
sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, socket.inet_aton(address) + socket.inet_aton(network_adapter))
# send recv examples
# sock.sendto(b"Hello World", (address, port))
# data, server = sock.recvfrom(2**8)
tolomea 的回答对我起了作用。我还将其移植到了 socketserver.UDPServer 中:
class ThreadedMulticastServer(socketserver.ThreadingMixIn, socketserver.UDPServer):
def __init__(self, *args):
super().__init__(*args)
self.socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.IPPROTO_UDP)
self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
self.socket.bind((MCAST_GRP, MCAST_PORT))
mreq = struct.pack('4sl', socket.inet_aton(MCAST_GRP), socket.INADDR_ANY)
self.socket.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, mreq)
sock.bind((MCAST_GRP,MCAST_PORT))
。您的代码可能会工作,也可能不会在您有多个网卡时无法工作。 - stefanB