在Java中，在Swing GUI旁边打开一个控制台。

Question

我正在构建一个带有Swing GUI的应用程序。如果您从命令行打开此程序，一些文本将会打印出来（信息和错误消息）。该程序只是一个普通的可执行jar文件，但对于想要查看控制台的人，我想添加一个选项，可以从Swing GUI中打开一个控制台，显示所有这些消息，这些消息由System.out.print()输出。我已经看到了几个具有此功能的应用程序，但我不知道如何做到这一点。

- cvbattum

Answer 1

基础知识在https://blogs.oracle.com/nickstephen/entry/java_redirecting_system_out_and中有解释。该示例使用日志记录来重定向stdout和stderr。一个简单的方法是首先定义一个写入“控制台”的OutputStream：

package outerr;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;

public class PrintOutErrStream extends ByteArrayOutputStream {

final int maxTextAreaSize = 1000;
private JTextArea textArea;
public PrintOutErrStream(JTextArea textArea) {
    this.textArea = textArea;
}

public void flush() throws IOException {
    synchronized(this) {
        super.flush();
        String outputStr = this.toString();
        super.reset();
        if(textArea.getText().length() > maxTextAreaSize) {
            textArea.replaceRange("", 0, 100);
        }
        textArea.append(outputStr);
    }
}
}

接下来是演示程序的剩余部分：

package outerr;

import java.io.PrintStream;

public class StdOutErr extends javax.swing.JFrame {

/** Creates new form StdOutErr */
public StdOutErr() {
    initComponents();
    PrintOutErrStream poes = new PrintOutErrStream(this.jTextAreaOutErrLog);
    System.setErr(new PrintStream(poes, true));
    System.setOut(new PrintStream(poes, true));
}

/** This method is called from within the constructor to
 * initialize the form.
 * WARNING: Do NOT modify this code. The content of this
 * method is
 * always regenerated by the Form Editor.
 */
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
// <editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Generated Code">
private void initComponents() {
    java.awt.GridBagConstraints gridBagConstraints;

    jButtonStdout = new javax.swing.JButton();
    jButtonStderr = new javax.swing.JButton();
    jPanelOutErrLog = new javax.swing.JPanel();
    jScrollPaneOutErrLog = new javax.swing.JScrollPane();
    jTextAreaOutErrLog = new javax.swing.JTextArea();

    setDefaultCloseOperation(javax.swing.WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    getContentPane().setLayout(new java.awt.FlowLayout());

    jButtonStdout.setText("stdout");
    jButtonStdout.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
        public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
            jButtonStdoutActionPerformed(evt);
        }
    });
    getContentPane().add(jButtonStdout);

    jButtonStderr.setText("stderr");
    jButtonStderr.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
        public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
            jButtonStderrActionPerformed(evt);
        }
    });
    getContentPane().add(jButtonStderr);

    jTextAreaOutErrLog.setColumns(20);
    jTextAreaOutErrLog.setRows(5);
    jScrollPaneOutErrLog.setViewportView(jTextAreaOutErrLog);

    javax.swing.GroupLayout jPanelOutErrLogLayout = new javax.swing.GroupLayout(jPanelOutErrLog);
    jPanelOutErrLog.setLayout(jPanelOutErrLogLayout);
    jPanelOutErrLogLayout.setHorizontalGroup(
        jPanelOutErrLogLayout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
        .addGap(0, 835, Short.MAX_VALUE)
        .addGroup(jPanelOutErrLogLayout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
            .addComponent(jScrollPaneOutErrLog, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 835, Short.MAX_VALUE))
    );
    jPanelOutErrLogLayout.setVerticalGroup(
        jPanelOutErrLogLayout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
        .addGap(0, 378, Short.MAX_VALUE)
        .addGroup(jPanelOutErrLogLayout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
            .addComponent(jScrollPaneOutErrLog, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 378, Short.MAX_VALUE))
    );

    getContentPane().add(jPanelOutErrLog);

    pack();
}// </editor-fold>

private void jButtonStdoutActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
    System.out.println("message via stdout");
}

private void jButtonStderrActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
       System.err.println("message via stderr");
}

/**
 * @param args the command line arguments
 */
public static void main(String args[]) {
    /* Set the Nimbus look and feel */
    //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Look and feel setting code (optional) ">
    /* If Nimbus (introduced in Java SE 6) is not available, stay with the default look and feel.
     * For details see http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/uiswing/lookandfeel/plaf.html
     */
    try {
        for (javax.swing.UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo info : javax.swing.UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels()) {
            if ("Nimbus".equals(info.getName())) {
                javax.swing.UIManager.setLookAndFeel(info.getClassName());
                break;
            }
        }
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
        java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(StdOutErr.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    } catch (InstantiationException ex) {
        java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(StdOutErr.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
        java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(StdOutErr.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    } catch (javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
        java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(StdOutErr.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    }
    //</editor-fold>

    /* Create and display the form */
    java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
        public void run() {
            new StdOutErr().setVisible(true);
        }
    });
}
// Variables declaration - do not modify
private javax.swing.JButton jButtonStderr;
private javax.swing.JButton jButtonStdout;
private javax.swing.JPanel jPanelOutErrLog;
private javax.swing.JScrollPane jScrollPaneOutErrLog;
private javax.swing.JTextArea jTextAreaOutErrLog;
// End of variables declaration
}

- Michael Besteck