我有一个SQL Server 2008数据库，想要复制并在服务器上创建一个新的数据库（使用不同的名称）。我不关心保留数据，新数据库可以首先创建没有数据。我要做的是以下几点：
另外，我有两个问题不是我的任务的一部分，但是希望考虑以下：
- 创建新数据库，保留旧数据库结构
- 设置新数据库名称
最简单的备份命令是:
BACKUP DATABASE dbname TO DISK = 'C:\some folder\dbname.bak' WITH INIT;
-- or WITH INIT, COMPRESSION if you are on Enterprise or Developer
EXEC dbname.dbo.sp_helpfile;
RESTORE DATABASE newname FROM DISK = 'C:\some folder\dbname.bak'
WITH MOVE 'dbname' TO 'C:\path_from_sp_helpfile_output\newname_data.mdf',
MOVE 'dbname_log' TO 'C:\path_from_sp_helpfile_output\newname_log.ldf';
dbname和newname，也需要用你实际的路径替换C：\ some folder和C：\ path_from_sp_helpfile_output \ 。除非我知道那些是什么，否则我无法在我的答案中提供更具体的信息。
这里是完整的复现：
CREATE DATABASE [DB-A];
GO
EXEC [DB-A].dbo.sp_helpfile;
name fileid filename
-------- ------ ---------------------------------
DB-A 1 C:\Program Files\...\DB-A.mdf
DB-A_log 2 C:\Program Files\...\DB-A_log.ldf
BACKUP DATABASE [DB-A] TO DISK = 'C:\dev\DB-A.bak' WITH INIT;
DB-B）已经存在，您将需要删除它：USE [master];
GO
IF DB_ID('DB-B') IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
ALTER DATABASE [DB-B] SET SINGLE_USER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE;
DROP DATABASE [DB-B];
END
GO
RESTORE DATABASE [DB-B] FROM DISK = 'C:\dev\DB-A.bak'
WITH MOVE 'DB-A' TO 'C:\Program Files\...\DB-B.mdf',
MOVE 'DB-A_log' TO 'C:\Program Files\...\DB-B_log.ldf';
- 将所有varchar和char数据类型更改为nvarchar和nchar
- 将所有文本数据类型更改为nvarchar(MAX)
DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(MAX) = N'';
SELECT @sql += '
ALTER TABLE ' +
QUOTENAME(OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(c.[object_id]))
+ '.' + QUOTENAME(OBJECT_NAME(c.[object_id]))
+ ' ALTER COLUMN ' + QUOTENAME(c.name) + ' '
+ CASE t.name WHEN N'text'
THEN N'nvarchar(max)'
ELSE N'n' + t.name + '(' + RTRIM(c.max_length) + ')'
END + ';'
FROM sys.columns AS c
INNER JOIN sys.types AS t
ON c.user_type_id = t.user_type_id
WHERE c.system_type_id IN (35, 167, 175)
AND OBJECTPROPERTY(c.[object_id], 'IsMsShipped') = 0;
PRINT @sql;
-- EXEC sp_executesql @sql;
你可以使用PRINT输出来验证脚本的前8K部分，当你认为看起来不错时，取消注释EXEC。
完成后，您需要重建所有索引。
话虽如此，像Tony建议的那样编写数据库脚本（或使用Red Gate的SQL Compare之类的工具 - 或者其许多替代品 - 对比空数据库）可能会更容易，特别是如果其中一些列参与约束 - 这些约束可能需要被删除并重新创建以改变类型。
- 如何将SQL Server数据库升级到SQL Server 2012？
- 是否需要进行任何准备工作，以确保我可以轻松升级它？
您不能仅升级2008实例上的单个数据库。您可以进行就地升级或设置新实例（如Tony所述），然后迁移您的数据库（最好使用备份/还原 - 许多人会告诉您要分离/附加，但这不太安全）。您应该做的准备工作包括：
升级后，您需要：
复制数据库脚本的来源。
点击此处查看脚本。
USE master;
DECLARE
@SourceDatabaseName AS SYSNAME = '<SourceDB>',
@TargetDatabaseName AS SYSNAME = '<TargetDB>'
-- ============================================
-- Define path where backup will be saved
-- ============================================
IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM sys.databases WHERE name = @SourceDatabaseName)
RAISERROR ('Variable @SourceDatabaseName is not set correctly !', 20, 1) WITH LOG
DECLARE @SourceBackupFilePath varchar(2000)
SELECT @SourceBackupFilePath = BMF.physical_device_name
FROM
msdb.dbo.backupset B
JOIN msdb.dbo.backupmediafamily BMF ON B.media_set_id = BMF.media_set_id
WHERE B.database_name = @SourceDatabaseName
ORDER BY B.backup_finish_date DESC
SET @SourceBackupFilePath = REPLACE(@SourceBackupFilePath, '.bak', '_clone.bak')
IF @SourceBackupFilePath IS NULL
RAISERROR ('Could not determine file path for backup file!', 16, 1) WITH LOG
-- ============================================
-- Backup source database
-- ============================================
DECLARE @Sql NVARCHAR(MAX)
SET @Sql = 'BACKUP DATABASE @SourceDatabaseName TO DISK = ''@SourceBackupFilePath'''
SET @Sql = REPLACE(@Sql, '@SourceDatabaseName', @SourceDatabaseName)
SET @Sql = REPLACE(@Sql, '@SourceBackupFilePath', @SourceBackupFilePath)
SELECT 'Performing backup...', @Sql as ExecutedSql
EXEC (@Sql)
-- ============================================
-- Automatically compose database files (.mdf and .ldf) paths
-- ============================================
DECLARE
@LogicalDataFileName as NVARCHAR(MAX)
, @LogicalLogFileName as NVARCHAR(MAX)
, @TargetDataFilePath as NVARCHAR(MAX)
, @TargetLogFilePath as NVARCHAR(MAX)
SELECT
@LogicalDataFileName = name,
@TargetDataFilePath = SUBSTRING(physical_name,1,LEN(physical_name)-CHARINDEX('\',REVERSE(physical_name))) + '\' + @TargetDatabaseName + '.mdf'
FROM sys.master_files
WHERE
database_id = DB_ID(@SourceDatabaseName)
AND type = 0 -- datafile file
SELECT
@LogicalLogFileName = name,
@TargetLogFilePath = SUBSTRING(physical_name,1,LEN(physical_name)-CHARINDEX('\',REVERSE(physical_name))) + '\' + @TargetDatabaseName + '.ldf'
FROM sys.master_files
WHERE
database_id = DB_ID(@SourceDatabaseName)
AND type = 1 -- log file
SELECT
@LogicalDataFileName as LogicalDataFileName,
@LogicalLogFileName as LogicalLogFileName,
@TargetDataFilePath as TargetDataFilePath,
@TargetLogFilePath as TargetLogFilePath
IF @TargetDataFilePath IS NULL OR @TargetLogFilePath IS NULL
RAISERROR ('Could not determine target paths!', 16, 1) WITH LOG
-- ============================================
-- Restore target database
-- ============================================
IF EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM sys.databases WHERE name = @TargetDatabaseName)
RAISERROR ('A database with the same name already exists!', 20, 1) WITH LOG
SET @Sql = 'RESTORE DATABASE @TargetDatabaseName
FROM DISK = ''@SourceBackupFilePath''
WITH MOVE ''@LogicalDataFileName'' TO ''@TargetDataFilePath'',
MOVE ''@LogicalLogFileName'' TO ''@TargetLogFilePath'''
SET @Sql = REPLACE(@Sql, '@TargetDatabaseName', @TargetDatabaseName)
SET @Sql = REPLACE(@Sql, '@SourceBackupFilePath', @SourceBackupFilePath)
SET @Sql = REPLACE(@Sql, '@LogicalDataFileName', @LogicalDataFileName)
SET @Sql = REPLACE(@Sql, '@TargetDataFilePath', @TargetDataFilePath)
SET @Sql = REPLACE(@Sql, '@LogicalLogFileName', @LogicalLogFileName)
SET @Sql = REPLACE(@Sql, '@TargetLogFilePath', @TargetLogFilePath)
SELECT 'Restoring...', @Sql as ExecutedSql
EXEC (@Sql)