查询Ghostscript输出设备(如'pdfwrite'或'tiffg4')的默认选项/设置。

7
1个回答

14

由于Ghostscript是完整的PostScript解释器,因此您还可以向其发送不会导致绘制页面元素但会查询其内部状态的PostScript代码片段。

如果您想知道在通过gs some.pdf仅在屏幕上显示PDF时Display的默认设置是什么,可以尝试以下操作:

gs \
   -c "currentpagedevice {exch ==only ( ) print == } forall"

在 Windows 上,它变成了:

gswin32c.exe ^
   -c "currentpagedevice {exch ==only ( ) print == } forall"
结果是一个列出了描述用于呈现页面到当前屏幕的设置的/SomeName somevalue对的列表。
这是因为通常显示器是Ghostscript将其输出发送到的默认设备。现在你可能会注意到会弹出一个空的Ghostscript窗口,你需要关闭它... 噢,怎么样添加一些选项来避免弹出窗口呢?
gs \
   -o /dev/null \
   -dNODISPLAY \
   -c "currentpagedevice {exch ==only ( ) print == } forall"

或者,在 Windows 上:

gswin32c.exe ^
   -o nul ^
   -dNODISPLAY ^
   -c "currentpagedevice {exch ==only ( ) print == } forall"

但是这将改变查询返回的值,因为您(无意中)更改了输出设备设置:

gs -c "currentpagedevice {exch ==only ( ) print == } forall" | grep Resolution

结果:

HWResolution [86.5426483 86.5426483]
/.MarginsHWResolution [1152.0 1152.0]

将此与之比较

gs \
   -o /dev/null \
   -dNODISPLAY \
   -c "currentpagedevice {exch ==only ( ) print == } forall" \
| grep Resolution

结果:

/HWResolution [72.0 72.0]
/.MarginsHWResolution [72.0 72.0]

所以,请避免这个陷阱。我几年前就成功地掉进去了,而且很长一段时间都没有注意到它......

现在假设您想查询PDF写入设备的默认设置,请运行以下命令:

gs \
  -o /dev/null \
  -sDEVICE=pdfwrite \
  -c "currentpagedevice {exch ==only ( ) print == } forall" \
| tee ghostscript-pdfwrite-default-pagedevice-settings.txt

您现在将拥有 pdfwrite 设备的所有设置*.txt文件,并可以使用其他一些有趣的Ghostscript设备进行重复操作,然后比较它们之间的所有详细差异:

for _dev in \
  pswrite ps2write pdfwrite \
  tiffg3 tiffg4 tiff12nc tiff24nc tiff32nc tiff48nc tiffsep \
  jpeg jpeggray jpegcmyk \
  png16 png16m png256 png48 pngalpha pnggray pngmono; \
do \
  gs \
    -o /dev/null \
    -sDEVICE=${_dev} \
    -c "currentpagedevice {exch ==only ( ) print == } forall" \
   | sort \
   | tee ghostscript-${_dev}-default-pagedevice-settings.txt; \
done

比较 pswriteps2write设备的设置是相当有趣的(还可以发现对于其中一个设备可用而另一个设备不可用的参数):

sdiff -sbB ghostscript-ps*write-default-pagedevice-settings.txt

更新:

正如您所想象的那样,这也是比较不同Ghostscript版本的好方法,并跟踪默认设置在最近发布的不同设备上可能发生的更改。如果您想了解现在在Ghostscript中存在的所有新实现的颜色配置文件和ICC支持,这尤其有趣。

此外,为了避免对某些关键值返回-dict-,请使用===而不是==宏。===的作用类似于==,但同时打印字典的内容。

因此,以下是pdfwrite设备的示例输出。请记住,Ghostscript的pdfwrite设备旨在提供与Adobe Acrobat Distiller大多相同的功能(还有一个额外的功能,即它不仅接受PostScript作为输入,还接受PDF,因此您可以对现有的PDF文件进行redistill,以修复、改进或以其他方式操作它们)。因此,Ghostscript的pdfdevice执行大多数原始Distiller也支持的setdistillerparams运算符:

gs \
  -o /dev/null \
  -sDEVICE=pdfwrite \
  -c "currentpagedevice {exch ==only ( ) print === } forall" \
| sort

/%MediaDestination 0
/%MediaSource 0
/.AlwaysEmbed []
/.HWMargins [0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0]
/.IgnoreNumCopies false
/.LockSafetyParams false
/.MarginsHWResolution [720.0 720.0]
/.MediaSize [612.0 792.0]
/.NeverEmbed [/Courier /Courier-Bold /Courier-Oblique /Courier-BoldOblique /Helvetica /Helvetica-Bold /Helvetica-Oblique /Helvetica-BoldOblique /Times-Roman /Times-Bold /Times-Italic /Times-BoldItalic /Symbol /ZapfDingbats]
/ASCII85EncodePages false
/AllowIncrementalCFF false
/AllowPSRepeatFunctions false
/AlwaysEmbed []
/AntiAliasColorImages false          [*]
/AntiAliasGrayImages false           [*]
/AntiAliasMonoImages false           [*]
/AutoFilterColorImages true
/AutoFilterGrayImages true
/AutoPositionEPSFiles true
/AutoRotatePages /PageByPage
/BeginPage {--.callbeginpage--}
/Binding /Left                       [*]
/BitsPerPixel 24
/BlueValues 256
/CalCMYKProfile (None)               [*]
/CalGrayProfile (None)               [*]
/CalRGBProfile (None)                [*]
/CannotEmbedFontPolicy /Warning      [*]
/CenterPages false
/ColorACSImageDict << /Blend 1 /VSamples [2 1 1 2] /QFactor 0.9 /HSamples [2 1 1 2] >>
/ColorConversionStrategy /LeaveColorUnchanged
/ColorImageDepth -1
/ColorImageDict << /Blend 1 /VSamples [2 1 1 2] /QFactor 0.9 /HSamples [2 1 1 2] >>
/ColorImageDownsampleThreshold 1.5
/ColorImageDownsampleType /Subsample
/ColorImageFilter /DCTEncode
/ColorImageResolution 150
/ColorValues 16777216
/Colors 3
/CompatibilityLevel 1.4
/CompressEntireFile false
/CompressFonts true
/CompressPages true
/ConvertCMYKImagesToRGB false
/ConvertImagesToIndexed true
/CoreDistVersion 5000
/CreateJobTicket false               [*]
/DSCEncodingToUnicode []
/DefaultRenderingIntent /Default
/DetectBlends true                   [*]
/DetectDuplicateImages true
/DeviceGrayToK true
/DeviceLinkProfile ()
/DoNumCopies false
/DoThumbnails false                  [*]
/DocumentTimeSeq 0
/DocumentUUID ()
/DownsampleColorImages false
/DownsampleGrayImages false
/DownsampleMonoImages false
/EmbedAllFonts true
/EmitDSCWarnings false               [*]
/EncodeColorImages true
/EncodeGrayImages true
/EncodeMonoImages true
/EncryptionR 0
/EndPage {--.callendpage--}          [*]
/FirstObjectNumber 1
/FitPages false
/ForOPDFRead false
/GraphicICCProfile ()
/GraphicIntent 0
/GraphicsAlphaBits 1
/GrayACSImageDict << /Blend 1 /VSamples [2 1 1 2] /QFactor 0.9 /HSamples [2 1 1 2] >>
/GrayImageDepth -1
/GrayImageDict << /Blend 1 /VSamples [2 1 1 2] /QFactor 0.9 /HSamples [2 1 1 2] >>
/GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.5
/GrayImageDownsampleType /Subsample
/GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode
/GrayImageResolution 150
/GrayValues 256
/GreenValues 256
/HWResolution [720.0 720.0]
/HWSize [6120 7920]
/HaveCIDSystem false
/HaveTransparency true
/HaveTrueTypes true
/HighLevelDevice true
/ImageICCProfile ()
/ImageIntent 0
/ImageMemory 524288                  [*]
/ImagingBBox null
/InputAttributes << 59 << /PageSize [612 792] >> 36 << /PageSize [649 918] >> 13 << /PageSize [595 842] >> 49 << /PageSize [354 499] >> 26 << /PageSize [2004 2835] >> 3 << /PageSize [792 1224] >> 62 << /PageSize [595 792] >> 39 << /PageSize [612 936] >> 16 << /PageSize [297 420] >> 52 << /PageSize [1460 2064] >> 29 << /PageSize [709 1001] >> 6 << /PageSize [2448 3168] >> 42 << /PageSize [396 612] >> 19 << /PageSize [105 148] >> 55 << /PageSize [516 729] >> 32 << /PageSize [2599 3677] >> 9 << /PageSize [1684 2384] >> 45 << /PageSize [1417 2004] >> 22 << /PageSize [1296 1728] >> 58 << /PageSize [612 1008] >> 35 << /PageSize [918 1298] >> 12 << /PageSize [842 1191] >> 48 << /PageSize [499 709] >> 25 << /PageSize [2835 4008] >> 2 << /PageSize [612 792] >> 61 << /PageSize [612 792] >> 38 << /PageSize [323 459] >> 15 << /PageSize [420 595] >> 51 << /PageSize [2064 2920] >> 28 << /PageSize [1001 1417] >> 5 << /PageSize [1585 2448] >> 64 << /PageSize [0 0 524287 524287] >> 41 << /PageSize [283 420] >> 18 << /PageSize [148 210] >> 54 << /PageSize [729 1032] >> 31 << /PageSize [354 499] >> 8 << /PageSize [2384 3370] >> 44 << /PageSize [2004 2835] >> 21 << /PageSize [864 1296] >> 57 << /PageSize [1224 792] >> 34 << /PageSize [1298 1837] >> 11 << /PageSize [1191 1684] >> 47 << /PageSize [709 1001] >> 24 << /PageSize [2592 3456] >> 1 << /PageSize [792 1224] >> 60 << /PageSize [612 792] >> 37 << /PageSize [459 649] >> 14 << /PageSize [595 842] >> 50 << /PageSize [2920 4127] >> 27 << /PageSize [1417 2004] >> 4 << /PageSize [1224 1585] >> 63 << /PageSize [792 1224] >> 40 << /PageSize [612 936] >> 17 << /PageSize [210 297] >> 53 << /PageSize [1032 1460] >> 30 << /PageSize [499 709] >> 7 << /PageSize [2016 2880] >> 43 << /PageSize [2835 4008] >> 20 << /PageSize [648 864] >> 56 << /PageSize [363 516] >> 33 << /PageSize [1837 2599] >> 10 << /PageSize [73 105] >> 46 << /PageSize [1001 1417] >> 23 << /PageSize [1728 2592] >> 0 << /PageSize [612.0 792.0] >> >>
/Install {--.callinstall--}
/InstanceUUID ()
/IsDistiller true
/KeyLength 0
/LZWEncodePages false
/Margins [0.0 0.0]
/MaxClipPathSize 12000
/MaxInlineImageSize 4000
/MaxPatternBitmap 0
/MaxSeparations 3
/MaxShadingBitmapSize 256000
/MaxSubsetPct 100
/MaxViewerMemorySize -1
/MonoImageDepth -1
/MonoImageDict << /K -1 >>
/MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.5
/MonoImageDownsampleType /Subsample
/MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode
/MonoImageResolution 300
/Name (pdfwrite)
/NeverEmbed [/Courier /Courier-Bold /Courier-Oblique /Courier-BoldOblique /Helvetica /Helvetica-Bold /Helvetica-Oblique /Helvetica-BoldOblique /Times-Roman /Times-Bold /Times-Italic /Times-BoldItalic /Symbol /ZapfDingbats]
/NoEncrypt ()
/NoT3CCITT false
/NumCopies null
/OPM 1
/OffOptimizations 0
/Optimize false                      [*]
/OutputAttributes << 0 << >> >>
/OutputDevice /pdfwrite
/OutputFile (/dev/null)
/OutputICCProfile (default_rgb.icc)
/OwnerPassword ()
/PDFA 0
/PDFACompatibilityPolicy 0
/PDFEndPage -1
/PDFStartPage 1
/PDFX false
/PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0]
/PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true
/PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0]
/PageCount 0
/PageDeviceName null
/PageOffset [0 0]
/PageSize [612.0 792.0]
/ParseDSCComments true
/ParseDSCCommentsForDocInfo true
/PatternImagemask false
/Permissions -4
/Policies << /PolicyReport {--dup-- /.LockSafetyParams --known-- {/setpagedevice --.systemvar-- /invalidaccess signalerror} --if-- --pop--} /PageSize 0 /PolicyNotFound 1 >>
/PreserveCopyPage true               [*]
/PreserveDeviceN true
/PreserveEPSInfo true                [*]
/PreserveHalftoneInfo false          [*]
/PreserveOPIComments true            [*]
/PreserveOverprintSettings true
/PreserveSMask true
/PreserveSeparation true
/PreserveTrMode true
/PrintStatistics false
/ProcessColorModel /DeviceRGB
/ProduceDSC true
/ProofProfile ()
/ReAssignCharacters true
/ReEncodeCharacters true
/RedValues 256
/RenderIntent 0
/RotatePages false
/SeparationColorNames []
/Separations false
/SetPageSize false
/SubsetFonts true
/TextAlphaBits 1
/TextICCProfile ()
/TextIntent 0
/TransferFunctionInfo /Preserve
/UCRandBGInfo /Preserve
/UseCIEColor false
/UseFastColor false
/UseFlateCompression true
/UsePrologue false                   [*]
/UserPassword ()
/WantsToUnicode true
/sRGBProfile (None)                  [*]
[*] 注意:
根据官方文件,以下设置(由Adobe Acrobat Distiller支持)目前可以在Ghostscript上设置和查询,但是设置它们没有任何效果:
/AntiAliasColorImages /AntiAliasGrayImages /AntiAliasMonoImages /AutoPositionEPSFiles /Binding /CalCMYKProfile /CalGrayProfile /CalRGBKProfile /CannotEmbedFontPolicy /ConvertImagesToIndexed /CreateJobTicket /DetectBlends /DoThumbnails /EmitDSCWarnings /EndPage /ImageMemory /LockDistillerParams /Optimize /PreserveCopyPage /PreserveEPSInfo /PreserveHalftoneInfo /PreserveOPIComments /sRGBProfile /StartPage /UsePrologue

1
哇,太棒了 - 非常感谢你,@pipitas!直到现在我从未真正理解“PostScript解释器”的含义 - 有这些命令方法的文档非常有用...再次感谢你 - 干杯! - sdaau
1
感谢更新,@pipitas - 这是一个非常好的在线资源;干杯! - sdaau
1
@sdaau:嘿...它上线7天后已经有41次浏览了... :-) - Kurt Pfeifle
2
@sdaau: 你有兴趣知道如何查询Ghostscript内部字典的内容吗? - Kurt Pfeifle
2
@sdaau:你可以将其结合起来,还可以问一下“PostScript中的字典是什么?” :-) - Kurt Pfeifle
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