我很惊讶
std::vector的
max_size()成员函数没有在这里提到。
"由于系统或库实现限制,即 std::distance(begin(), end()) 为最大容器元素数,此函数返回容器能够容纳的最大元素数。"
我们知道
std::vector
在底层是作为一个动态数组实现的,因此
max_size()
应该给出关于机器上
动态数组的最大长度的非常接近的近似值。
下面的程序构建了一个包含各种数据类型的近似最大数组长度表。
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <limits>
template <typename T>
std::string mx(T e) {
std::vector<T> v;
return std::to_string(v.max_size());
}
std::size_t maxColWidth(std::vector<std::string> v) {
std::size_t maxWidth = 0;
for (const auto &s: v)
if (s.length() > maxWidth)
maxWidth = s.length();
return maxWidth + 2;
}
constexpr long double maxStdSize_t = std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max();
template <typename T>
std::string cs(T e) {
std::vector<T> v;
long double maxSize = v.max_size();
long double quotient = maxStdSize_t / maxSize;
return std::to_string(quotient);
}
int main() {
bool v0 = 0;
char v1 = 0;
int8_t v2 = 0;
int16_t v3 = 0;
int32_t v4 = 0;
int64_t v5 = 0;
uint8_t v6 = 0;
uint16_t v7 = 0;
uint32_t v8 = 0;
uint64_t v9 = 0;
std::size_t v10 = 0;
double v11 = 0;
long double v12 = 0;
std::vector<std::string> types = {"data types", "bool", "char", "int8_t", "int16_t",
"int32_t", "int64_t", "uint8_t", "uint16_t",
"uint32_t", "uint64_t", "size_t", "double",
"long double"};
std::vector<std::string> sizes = {"approx max array length", mx(v0), mx(v1), mx(v2),
mx(v3), mx(v4), mx(v5), mx(v6), mx(v7), mx(v8),
mx(v9), mx(v10), mx(v11), mx(v12)};
std::vector<std::string> quotients = {"max std::size_t / max array size", cs(v0),
cs(v1), cs(v2), cs(v3), cs(v4), cs(v5), cs(v6),
cs(v7), cs(v8), cs(v9), cs(v10), cs(v11), cs(v12)};
std::size_t max1 = maxColWidth(types);
std::size_t max2 = maxColWidth(sizes);
std::size_t max3 = maxColWidth(quotients);
for (std::size_t i = 0; i < types.size(); ++i) {
while (types[i].length() < (max1 - 1)) {
types[i] = " " + types[i];
}
types[i] += " ";
for (int j = 0; sizes[i].length() < max2; ++j)
sizes[i] = (j % 2 == 0) ? " " + sizes[i] : sizes[i] + " ";
for (int j = 0; quotients[i].length() < max3; ++j)
quotients[i] = (j % 2 == 0) ? " " + quotients[i] : quotients[i] + " ";
std::cout << "|" << types[i] << "|" << sizes[i] << "|" << quotients[i] << "|\n";
}
std::cout << std::endl;
std::cout << "N.B. max std::size_t is: " <<
std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max() << std::endl;
return 0;
}
在我的macOS上(clang版本5.0.1),我得到了以下结果:
| data types | approx max array length | max std::size_t / max array size |
| bool | 9223372036854775807 | 2.000000 |
| char | 9223372036854775807 | 2.000000 |
| int8_t | 9223372036854775807 | 2.000000 |
| int16_t | 9223372036854775807 | 2.000000 |
| int32_t | 4611686018427387903 | 4.000000 |
| int64_t | 2305843009213693951 | 8.000000 |
| uint8_t | 9223372036854775807 | 2.000000 |
| uint16_t | 9223372036854775807 | 2.000000 |
| uint32_t | 4611686018427387903 | 4.000000 |
| uint64_t | 2305843009213693951 | 8.000000 |
| size_t | 2305843009213693951 | 8.000000 |
| double | 2305843009213693951 | 8.000000 |
| long double | 1152921504606846975 | 16.000000 |
N.B. max std::size_t is: 18446744073709551615
在 ideone gcc 8.3 上,我得到:
| data types | approx max array length | max std::size_t / max array size |
| bool | 9223372036854775744 | 2.000000 |
| char | 18446744073709551615 | 1.000000 |
| int8_t | 18446744073709551615 | 1.000000 |
| int16_t | 9223372036854775807 | 2.000000 |
| int32_t | 4611686018427387903 | 4.000000 |
| int64_t | 2305843009213693951 | 8.000000 |
| uint8_t | 18446744073709551615 | 1.000000 |
| uint16_t | 9223372036854775807 | 2.000000 |
| uint32_t | 4611686018427387903 | 4.000000 |
| uint64_t | 2305843009213693951 | 8.000000 |
| size_t | 2305843009213693951 | 8.000000 |
| double | 2305843009213693951 | 8.000000 |
| long double | 1152921504606846975 | 16.000000 |
N.B. max std::size_t is: 18446744073709551615
需要注意的是,这是一个理论上的极限,在大多数计算机上,您在达到此极限之前就会耗尽内存。例如,我们发现在
gcc
上对于
char
类型,最大元素数量等于
std::size_t
的最大值。尝试
this时,我们会收到错误提示:
prog.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
prog.cpp:5:61: error: size of array is too large
char* a1 = new char[std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max()]
最后,正如@MartinYork所指出的那样,对于静态数组,其最大大小受堆栈大小的限制。
new
或malloc
)实现。 - Thomas Matthews全局数组
,虽然不太美观且最好避免使用,但它们不属于栈
的限制范围,而且你不需要使用malloc
/free
就能处理它们。 - ted