我正在Mac上使用CCL(1.8.1 - 此编写时最新版本),想知道是否有任何调试教程可用。我特别关注的是在我的代码中设置断点,然后探查各种值,接着跨过下一行代码,检查更多值等等。
编辑:
我已经阅读了CCL手册的调试部分(约18.3),但无法完全理解其中内容。我以前主要使用基于IDE的源代码级调试器,对gdb也只有一点了解。
因此,我希望能够找到一个介绍/教程,能够引导我完成一些简单的步骤。
(我对Lisp(和CCL)还很新,所以如果我问错问题或者走弯路,请随时告诉我。)
谢谢!
break
和step
(除了step
的粒度不是基于代码行而是表单)。> (defun factorial (n) (if (zerop n) 1 (* n (factorial (1- n)))))
FACTORIAL
> (step (factorial 3))
step 1 --> (FACTORIAL 3)
Step 1 > ?
Commands may be abbreviated as shown in the second column.
COMMAND ABBR DESCRIPTION
Help :h, ? print this command list
Error :e print the last error message
Inspect :i inspect the last error
Abort :a abort to the next recent input loop
Unwind :uw abort to the next recent input loop
Reset :re toggle *PACKAGE* and *READTABLE* between the
local bindings and the sane values
Quit :q quit to the top-level input loop
Where :w inspect this frame
Up :u go up one frame, inspect it
Top :t go to top frame, inspect it
Down :d go down one frame, inspect it
Bottom :b go to bottom (most recent) frame, inspect it
Mode mode :m set stack mode for Backtrace: 1=all the stack elements
2=all the frames 3=only lexical frames
4=only EVAL and APPLY frames (default) 5=only APPLY frames
Frame-limit n :fl set the frame-limit for Backtrace. This many frames
will be printed in a backtrace at most.
Backtrace [mode [limit]] :bt inspect the stack
Break+ :br+ set breakpoint in EVAL frame
Break- :br- disable breakpoint in EVAL frame
Redo :rd re-evaluate form in EVAL frame
Return value :rt leave EVAL frame, prescribing the return values
Step :s step into form: evaluate this form in single step mode
Next :n step over form: evaluate this form at once
Over :o step over this level: evaluate at once up to the next return
Continue :c switch off single step mode, continue evaluation
-- Step-until :su, Next-until :nu, Over-until :ou, Continue-until :cu --
same as above, specify a condition when to stop
Step 1 > :s
step 2 --> 3
Step 2 > :n
step 2 ==> value: 3
step 2 --> (IF (ZEROP N) 1 (* N (FACTORIAL #)))
Step 2 > :s
step 3 --> (ZEROP N)
Step 3 > :n
step 3 ==> value: NIL
step 3 --> (* N (FACTORIAL (1- N)))
Step 3 > :s
step 4 --> N
Step 4 > :n
step 4 ==> value: 3
step 4 --> (FACTORIAL (1- N))
Step 4 > :s
step 5 --> (1- N)
Step 5 > :n
step 5 ==> value: 2
step 5 --> (IF (ZEROP N) 1 (* N (FACTORIAL #)))
Step 5 > :c
step 5 ==> value: 2
step 4 ==> value: 2
step 3 ==> value: 6
step 2 ==> value: 6
step 1 ==> value: 6
6
step <level>
,其中level
是嵌套级别。
> (defun assert-0 (x) (unless (eql x 0) (break "Bad x: ~S" x)) 0)
ASSERT-0
> (assert-0 0)
0
> (assert-0 'assert-0)
** - Continuable Error
Bad x: ASSERT-0
If you continue (by typing 'continue'): Return from BREAK loop
The following restarts are also available:
ABORT :R1 Abort main loop
Break 1 > x
ASSERT-0
Break 1 > :c
0
这里的提示是Break <level>
。
> (defun my+1 (x) (assert (numberp x) (x) "must be a number: ~S" x) (1+ x))
MY+1
> (my+1 5)
6
> (my+1 'my+1)
** - Continuable Error
must be a number: MY+1
If you continue (by typing 'continue'): Input a new value for X.
The following restarts are also available:
ABORT :R1 Abort main loop
Break 1 > :c
New X> 'foo
** - Continuable Error
must be a number: FOO
If you continue (by typing 'continue'): Input a new value for X.
The following restarts are also available:
ABORT :R1 Abort main loop
Break 1 > :c
New X> 6
7
assert
使用与 break
相同的提示。
cl-stepper:step
代替cl:step
。
(ql:quickload "com.informatimago.common-lisp.lisp.stepper")