有没有办法从Windows批处理脚本中调用文件/文件夹选择对话框?
更新于2016年3月20日:
由于PowerShell现在是所有现代Windows安装的本机组件,我宣布C#回退不再必要。如果您仍然需要它以实现与Vista或XP的兼容性,我已将其移至新答案。从这个版本开始,我将脚本重写为Batch + PowerShell混合,并加入了多选功能。这样做更易于阅读和根据需要进行调整。
<# : chooser.bat
:: launches a File... Open sort of file chooser and outputs choice(s) to the console
@echo off
setlocal
for /f "delims=" %%I in ('powershell -noprofile "iex (${%~f0} | out-string)"') do (
echo You chose %%~I
)
goto :EOF
: end Batch portion / begin PowerShell hybrid chimera #>
Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms
$f = new-object Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog
$f.InitialDirectory = pwd
$f.Filter = "Text Files (*.txt)|*.txt|All Files (*.*)|*.*"
$f.ShowHelp = $true
$f.Multiselect = $true
[void]$f.ShowDialog()
if ($f.Multiselect) { $f.FileNames } else { $f.FileName }
You chose C:\Users\me\Desktop\tmp.txt
输出到控制台。如果您想强制只选择一个文件,只需将$f.Multiselect
属性更改为$false
。OpenFileDialog
Class文档以了解其他可设置的属性,例如Title
和InitialDirectory
。
更新于2015.08.10:
由于已经有一种COM方法可以调用文件夹选择器,因此很容易构建一个PowerShell单行命令,可以打开文件夹选择器并输出路径。
:: fchooser.bat
:: launches a folder chooser and outputs choice to the console
:: https://dev59.com/X2Uo5IYBdhLWcg3woAuu#15885133
@echo off
setlocal
set "psCommand="(new-object -COM 'Shell.Application')^
.BrowseForFolder(0,'Please choose a folder.',0,0).self.path""
for /f "usebackq delims=" %%I in (`powershell %psCommand%`) do set "folder=%%I"
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
echo You chose !folder!
endlocal
BrowseForFolder()
方法中,第四个参数指定了层次结构的根。请参阅ShellSpecialFolderConstants以获取有效值列表。选择的结果输出 您选择了 C:\Users\me\Desktop
到控制台。
请查看FolderBrowserDialog 类的文档以获取其他可设置的属性,例如 RootFolder
。如果需要,可以在此答案的第4个修订版本中找到我原来的 .NET System.Windows.Forms
PowerShell 和 C# 解决方案,但这种 COM 方法更易于阅读和维护。
这应该可以从XP及以上版本运行,而且不需要混合文件,只需使用一条长命令行运行 mshta:
@echo off
set dialog="about:<input type=file id=FILE><script>FILE.click();new ActiveXObject
set dialog=%dialog%('Scripting.FileSystemObject').GetStandardStream(1).WriteLine(FILE.value);
set dialog=%dialog%close();resizeTo(0,0);</script>"
for /f "tokens=* delims=" %%p in ('mshta.exe %dialog%') do set "file=%%p"
echo selected file is : "%file%"
pause
Windows XP拥有一个神秘的UserAccounts.CommonDialog
WSH对象,它允许VBScript和JScript启动文件选择提示框。显然,这被认为是安全风险,因此在Vista中被删除了。
然而,WSH Shell.Application 对象的 BrowseForFolder 方法仍然允许创建文件夹选择对话框。下面是一个混合批处理+JScript示例。将其保存为 .bat
扩展名。
@if (@a==@b) @end /*
:: fchooser2.bat
:: batch portion
@echo off
setlocal
for /f "delims=" %%I in ('cscript /nologo /e:jscript "%~f0"') do (
echo You chose %%I
)
goto :EOF
:: JScript portion */
var shl = new ActiveXObject("Shell.Application");
var folder = shl.BrowseForFolder(0, "Please choose a folder.", 0, 0x00);
WSH.Echo(folder ? folder.self.path : '');
BrowseForFolder()
方法中,第四个参数指定了层次结构的根。请参阅ShellSpecialFolderConstants以获取有效值列表。@echo off
setlocal
rem Select a file or folder browsing a directory tree
rem Antonio Perez Ayala
rem Usage examples of SelectFileOrFolder subroutine:
call :SelectFileOrFolder file=
echo/
echo Selected file from *.* = "%file%"
pause
call :SelectFileOrFolder file=*.bat
echo/
echo Selected Batch file = "%file%"
pause
call :SelectFileOrFolder folder=/F
echo/
echo Selected folder = "%folder%"
pause
goto :EOF
:SelectFileOrFolder resultVar [ "list of wildcards" | /F ]
setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
rem Process parameters
set "files=*.*"
if "%~2" neq "" (
if /I "%~2" equ "/F" (set "files=") else set "files=%~2"
)
rem Set the number of lines per page, max 34
set "pageSize=30"
set "char=0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
rem Load current directory contents
set "name[1]=<DIR> .."
:ProcessThisDir
set "numNames=1"
for /D %%a in (*) do (
set /A numNames+=1
set "name[!numNames!]=<DIR> %%a"
)
for %%a in (%files%) do (
set /A numNames+=1
set "name[!numNames!]= %%a"
)
set /A numPages=(numNames-1)/pageSize+1
rem Show directory contents, one page at a time
set start=1
:ShowPage
set /A page=(start-1)/pageSize+1, end=start+pageSize-1
if %end% gtr %numNames% set end=%numNames%
cls
echo Page %page%/%numPages% of %CD%
echo/
if %start% equ 1 (set base=0) else set "base=1"
set /A lastOpt=pageSize+base, j=base
for /L %%i in (%start%,1,%end%) do (
for %%j in (!j!) do echo !char:~%%j,1! - !name[%%i]!
set /A j+=1
)
echo/
rem Assemble the get option message
if %start% equ 1 (set "mssg=: ") else (set "mssg= (0=Previous page")
if %end% lss %numNames% (
if "%mssg%" equ ": " (set "mssg= (") else set "mssg=%mssg%, "
set "mssg=!mssg!Z=Next page"
)
if "%mssg%" neq ": " set "mssg=%mssg%): "
:GetOption
choice /C "%char%" /N /M "Select desired item%mssg%"
if %errorlevel% equ 1 (
rem "0": Previous page or Parent directory
if %start% gtr 1 (
set /A start-=pageSize
goto ShowPage
) else (
cd ..
goto ProcessThisDir
)
)
if %errorlevel% equ 36 (
rem "Z": Next page, if any
if %end% lss %numNames% (
set /A start+=pageSize
goto ShowPage
) else (
goto GetOption
)
)
if %errorlevel% gtr %lastOpt% goto GetOption
set /A option=start+%errorlevel%-1-base
if %option% gtr %numNames% goto GetOption
if defined files (
if "!name[%option%]:~0,5!" neq "<DIR>" goto endSelect
) else (
choice /C OS /M "Open or Select '!name[%option%]:~7!' folder"
if errorlevel 2 goto endSelect
)
cd "!name[%option%]:~7!"
goto ProcessThisDir
:endSelect
rem Return selected file/folder
for %%a in ("!name[%option%]:~7!") do set "result=%%~Fa"
endlocal & set "%~1=%result%
exit /B
if "%~1" neq "" cd "%~1"
。 - Felicityif "%~1" neq "" if exist "%~1\*" (cd "%~1")
来检查并确保路径存在,然后再执行 cd
命令。 - Felicity使用Batch直接运行PowerShell命令的其他解决方案
rem preparation command
set pwshcmd=powershell -noprofile -command "&{[System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('System.windows.forms') | Out-Null;$OpenFileDialog = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog; $OpenFileDialog.ShowDialog()|out-null; $OpenFileDialog.FileName}"
rem exec commands powershell and get result in FileName variable
for /f "delims=" %%I in ('%pwshcmd%') do set "FileName=%%I"
echo %FileName%
这个解决方案与 Batch + PowerShell hybrid 相同,但已重新添加了 C# 回退功能以实现 XP 和 Vista 的兼容性。在 xNightmare67x 的要求下,添加了多文件选择功能。
<# : chooser_XP_Vista.bat
:: // launches a File... Open sort of file chooser and outputs choice(s) to the console
:: // https://dev59.com/X2Uo5IYBdhLWcg3woAuu#36156326
@echo off
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
rem // Does powershell.exe exist within %PATH%?
for %%I in ("powershell.exe") do if "%%~$PATH:I" neq "" (
set chooser=powershell -noprofile "iex (${%~f0} | out-string)"
) else (
rem // If not, compose and link C# application to open file browser dialog
set "chooser=%temp%\chooser.exe"
>"%temp%\c.cs" (
echo using System;
echo using System.Windows.Forms;
echo class dummy {
echo public static void Main^(^) {
echo OpenFileDialog f = new OpenFileDialog^(^);
echo f.InitialDirectory = Environment.CurrentDirectory;
echo f.Filter = "Text Files (*.txt)|*.txt|All Files (*.*)|*.*";
echo f.ShowHelp = true;
echo f.Multiselect = true;
echo f.ShowDialog^(^);
echo foreach ^(String filename in f.FileNames^) {
echo Console.WriteLine^(filename^);
echo }
echo }
echo }
)
for /f "delims=" %%I in ('dir /b /s "%windir%\microsoft.net\*csc.exe"') do (
if not exist "!chooser!" "%%I" /nologo /out:"!chooser!" "%temp%\c.cs" 2>NUL
)
del "%temp%\c.cs"
if not exist "!chooser!" (
echo Error: Please install .NET 2.0 or newer, or install PowerShell.
goto :EOF
)
)
rem // Do something with the chosen file(s)
for /f "delims=" %%I in ('%chooser%') do (
echo You chose %%~I
)
rem // comment this out to keep chooser.exe in %temp% for faster subsequent runs
del "%temp%\chooser.exe" >NUL 2>NUL
goto :EOF
:: // end Batch portion / begin PowerShell hybrid chimera #>
Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms
$f = new-object Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog
$f.InitialDirectory = pwd
$f.Filter = "Text Files (*.txt)|*.txt|All Files (*.*)|*.*"
$f.ShowHelp = $true
$f.Multiselect = $true
[void]$f.ShowDialog()
if ($f.Multiselect) { $f.FileNames } else { $f.FileName }
如果需要在XP或Vista中使用文件夹选择器,请使用WSH解决方案或npocmaka的HTA解决方案。
另外两种方法:
1.使用混合的.bat/hta(必须保存为bat
)脚本。它可以使用vbscript或javascript,但示例是使用javascrtipt。不会创建临时文件。选择文件夹不太容易,需要外部javascript库,但选择文件很容易。
<!-- : starting html comment
:: FileSelector.bat
@echo off
for /f "tokens=* delims=" %%p in ('mshta.exe "%~f0"') do (
set "file=%%~fp"
)
echo/
if not "%file%" == "" (
echo selected file is : %file%
)
echo/
exit /b
-->
<Title>== FILE SELECTOR==</Title>
<body>
<script language='javascript'>
function pipeFile() {
var file=document.getElementById('file').value;
var fso= new ActiveXObject('Scripting.FileSystemObject').GetStandardStream(1);
close(fso.Write(file));
}
</script>
<input type='file' name='file' size='30'>
</input><hr><button onclick='pipeFile()'>Submit</button>
</body>
1.1 - 不采用 Rojo 提出的无提交表单方案(请参见评论):
<!-- : starting html comment
:: FileSelector.bat
@echo off
for /f "tokens=* delims=" %%p in ('mshta.exe "%~f0"') do (
set "file=%%~fp"
)
echo/
if not "%file%" == "" (
echo selected file is : "%file%"
)
echo/
exit /b
-->
<Title>== FILE SELECTOR==</Title>
<body>
<script language='javascript'>
function pipeFile() {
var file=document.getElementById('file').value;
var fso= new ActiveXObject('Scripting.FileSystemObject').GetStandardStream(1);
close(fso.Write(file));
}
</script>
<input id='file' type='file' name='file' size='30' onchange='pipeFile()' >
</input>
<hr>
<button onclick='pipeFile()'>Submit</button>
<script>document.getElementById('file').click();</script>
</body>
2.由于您已经在使用PowerShell/Net,因此可以创建自编译的jscript.net混合体。它不需要用于编译的临时cs文件,而是直接使用内置的jscrript.net编译器。无需使用PowerShell,代码更易读:
@if (@X)==(@Y) @end /* JScript comment
@echo off
:: FolderSelectorJS.bat
setlocal
for /f "tokens=* delims=" %%v in ('dir /b /s /a:-d /o:-n "%SystemRoot%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\*jsc.exe"') do (
set "jsc=%%v"
)
if not exist "%~n0.exe" (
"%jsc%" /nologo /out:"%~n0.exe" "%~dpsfnx0"
)
for /f "tokens=* delims=" %%p in ('"%~n0.exe"') do (
set "folder=%%p"
)
if not "%folder%" == "" (
echo selected folder is %folder%
)
endlocal & exit /b %errorlevel%
*/
import System;
import System.Windows.Forms;
var f=new FolderBrowserDialog();
f.SelectedPath=System.Environment.CurrentDirectory;
f.Description="Please choose a folder.";
f.ShowNewFolderButton=true;
if( f.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK ){
Console.Write(f.SelectedPath);
}
id ='file'
添加到<input>
标记中,将onchange ='pipeFile()'
添加到<input>
标记中,并在</body>
上方添加<script>document.getElementById('file').click();</script>
。 - rojo我会留下一个“echo”来验证这段代码中的多选项是否有效
echo off
set cmd=Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms;$f=new-object Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog;$f.InitialDirectory= [environment]::GetFolderPath('Desktop');$f.Filter='Text Files(*.txt)^|*.txt^|All Files(*.*)^|*.*';$f.Multiselect=$true;[void]$f.ShowDialog();if($f.Multiselect) {$f.FileNames}else{$f.FileName}
set pwshcmd=powershell -noprofile -command "&{%cmd%}"
for /f "tokens=* delims=" %%I in ('%pwshcmd%') do call :sum "%%I" ret
echo =========
echo --%ret%--
pause
exit /B
:sum [mud] [ret]
echo "%~1"
set FileName=%FileName% "%~1"
set ret=%FileName%
exit /B
:sum
前加上 exit /B
并在 :sum
的结尾处加上 goto :eof
。否则 :sum
将会运行两次。 - Felicityrojo,感谢您提供的代码。它很有效。
小提示: 对于“浏览文件夹”代码,用户可能会单击X并根本不选择文件夹。对于这种情况,我会添加:
if not defined folder (goto :noFolderSelected)
我已经编写了自己的便携解决方案: https://github.com/andry81/contools/tree/HEAD/Utilities/src/_gui/wxFileDialog/
你可以从这里下载可执行文件: https://github.com/andry81/contools/tree/HEAD/Utilities/bin/contools/wxFileDialog.exe
该工具依赖于wxWidgets 3.1.x,因此你实际上可以为其他操作系统构建它。
for /f... do set
,而是使用for /f... do echo
。由于 Vista 的主流支持在2012年被放弃,(此时)只有约1⅔%的网络浏览机器是Vista,我不太想将C#故障转移代码恢复到这个答案中。但是,我已经为您添加了一个新答案。 - rojo