我们需要一台便携式打印机（手持式非常重要），可以通过蓝牙或Wi-Fi连接到安卓手机。
从Android 4.4开始，您可以通过wifi从设备打印文档到硬件打印机。
现在，Android应用程序可以通过Wi-Fi或云托管服务（如Google Cloud Print）打印任何类型的内容。在启用打印功能的应用程序中，用户可以查找可用的打印机、更改纸张大小、选择要打印的特定页面，并打印几乎任何种类的文档、图像或文件。
以下是如何开始打印过程的简短示例：
private void doPrint() {
PrintManager printManager = (PrintManager) getActivity().getSystemService(Context.PRINT_SERVICE);
printManager.print("My document", new CustomPrintDocumentAdapter(getActivity()), null);
}
其中CustomPrintDocumentAdapter扩展了PrintDocumentAdapter。
有关更多信息，请访问Android开发者网站。
截至目前（据我所知），Android不支持蓝牙“配置文件”，例如BPP（基本打印配置文件）、HCRP（硬拷贝替代配置文件）、BIP（基本成像配置文件）等，这些是与蓝牙打印一起使用的常见配置文件。因此，目前无法通过蓝牙在Android上进行打印。请参考this了解有关打印BT配置文件的信息。
目前，Android支持OPP（对象推送配置文件），用于通过蓝牙发送文件。
要在Android的蓝牙堆栈中实现打印蓝牙配置文件，您可以参考Sybase-iAnywhere-Blue-SDK-for-Android，该SDK提供了向现有BT堆栈实现添加此功能的方法。
对于Wifi打印，市场上有许多应用程序可让您从Android手机打印各种文档和图像。其中一个应用程序是PrinterShare。对于Wifi打印，您可以使用任何可以通过以太网（LAN）连接的打印机。
此外，还可以查看支持“Google Cloud Print”功能的打印机，它使用云端打印到任何支持该协议的连接世界各地的打印机。这在市场上还比较新，但肯定会在未来几年中获得更多关注。请查看云打印应用程序和常见问题解答。抱歉，我不了解使用蓝牙设备进行打印的知识。但是，我在GitHub上做了一些关于使用wifi进行打印的研究，并发布了相关代码。如果需要，您可以参考一下。Android-wifi-print - GitHub
这是那个原型的流程。
以下类将负责所有打印作业。
PrintUtility.class
public class PrintUtility implements Observer {
private static final int TIME_OUT = 10000;
private static final int CONNECTION_TIME_OUT = 5000;
private Activity mActivity;
private Fragment mFragment = null;
private WifiConfiguration mPrinterConfiguration;
private WifiConfiguration mOldWifiConfiguration;
private WifiManager mWifiManager;
private WifiScanner mWifiScanner;
private List<ScanResult> mScanResults = new ArrayList<ScanResult>();
private PrintManager mPrintManager;
private List<PrintJob> mPrintJobs;
private PrintJob mCurrentPrintJob;
private File pdfFile;
private String externalStorageDirectory;
private Handler mPrintStartHandler = new Handler();
private Handler mPrintCompleteHandler = new Handler();
private Handler mWifiConnectHandler = new Handler();
private String connectionInfo;
private boolean isMobileDataConnection = false;
private PrintCompleteService mPrintCompleteService;
// Observer pattern
private Observable mObservable;
public PrintUtility(Activity mActivity, WifiManager mWifiManager, WifiScanner mWifiScanner) {
this.mActivity = mActivity;
this.mWifiManager = mWifiManager;
this.mWifiScanner = mWifiScanner;
mPrintCompleteService = (PrintCompleteService) mActivity;
mObservable = ObservableSingleton.getInstance();
mObservable.attach(this);
}
public PrintUtility(Activity mActivity, Fragment mFragment, WifiManager mWifiManager, WifiScanner mWifiScanner) {
this.mActivity = mActivity;
this.mFragment = mFragment;
this.mWifiManager = mWifiManager;
this.mWifiScanner = mWifiScanner;
mPrintCompleteService = (PrintCompleteService) mFragment;
mObservable = ObservableSingleton.getInstance();
mObservable.attach(this);
}
public void downloadAndPrint(String fileUrl, final String fileName) {
new FileDownloader(mActivity, fileUrl, fileName) {
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Boolean result) {
if (!result) {
mObservable.notifyObserver(true);
} else {
// print flow will come here.
try {
externalStorageDirectory = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().toString();
File folder = new File(externalStorageDirectory, Constants.CONTROLLER_PDF_FOLDER);
pdfFile = new File(folder, fileName);
} catch (Exception e) {
mObservable.notifyObserver(true);
e.printStackTrace();
}
print(pdfFile);
}
}
}.execute("");
}
public void print(final File pdfFile) {
this.pdfFile = pdfFile;
// check connectivity info -> mobile or wifi.
connectionInfo = Util.connectionInfo(mActivity);
if (connectionInfo.equalsIgnoreCase(Constants.CONTROLLER_MOBILE)) {
// follow mobile flow.
isMobileDataConnection = true;
if (mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled() == false) {
mWifiManager.setWifiEnabled(true);
}
mWifiManager.startScan();
setScanResults(mWifiScanner.getScanResults());
printerConfiguration();
} else if (connectionInfo.equalsIgnoreCase(Constants.CONTROLLER_WIFI)) {
// follow wifi flow..
// this will get current wifiInfo and store it in shared preference.
Util.storeCurrentWiFiConfiguration(mActivity);
printerConfiguration();
} else {
mObservable.notifyObserver(true);
}
}
private void printerConfiguration() {
// check printer detail is available or not.
mPrinterConfiguration = Util.getWifiConfiguration(mActivity, Constants.CONTROLLER_PRINTER);
if (mPrinterConfiguration == null) {
// printer configuration is not available.
// display list of wifi available in an activity
showWifiListActivity(Constants.REQUEST_CODE_PRINTER);
} else {
// get list of wifi available. if printer configuration available then connect it.
// else.. show list of available wifi nearby.
boolean isPrinterAvailable = false;
// scans nearby wifi..
mWifiManager.startScan();
setScanResults(mWifiScanner.getScanResults());
// checks this wifi in scan result list..
for (int i = 0; i < mScanResults.size(); i++) {
if (mPrinterConfiguration.SSID.equals("\"" + mScanResults.get(i).SSID + "\"")) {
isPrinterAvailable = true;
break;
}
}
if (isPrinterAvailable) {
// connect to printer wifi and show print settings dialog and continue with print flow.
connectToWifi(mPrinterConfiguration);
// prints document.
doPrint();
} else {
showWifiListActivity(Constants.REQUEST_CODE_PRINTER);
}
}
}
private void showWifiListActivity(int requestCode) {
Intent iWifi = new Intent(mActivity, WifiListActivity.class);
mActivity.startActivityForResult(iWifi, requestCode);
}
private void connectToWifi(WifiConfiguration mWifiConfiguration) {
mWifiManager.enableNetwork(mWifiConfiguration.networkId, true);
}
public void doPrint() {
try {
// it is taking some time to connect to printer.. so i used handler.. and waiting for its status.
mPrintStartHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
mPrintStartHandler.postDelayed(this, TIME_OUT);
if (mPrinterConfiguration.status == WifiConfiguration.Status.CURRENT) {
if (mWifiManager.getConnectionInfo().getSupplicantState() == SupplicantState.COMPLETED) {
if (Util.computePDFPageCount(pdfFile) > 0) {
printDocument(pdfFile);
} else {
AlertDialog.Builder alert = new AlertDialog.Builder(mActivity);
alert.setMessage("Can't print, Page count is zero.");
alert.setNeutralButton("OK", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int i) {
dialog.dismiss();
switchConnection();
}
});
alert.show();
}
}
mPrintStartHandler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(null);
} else {
Toast.makeText(mActivity, "Failed to connect to printer!.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
switchConnection();
mPrintStartHandler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(null);
}
}
}, TIME_OUT);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
Toast.makeText(mActivity, "Failed to connect to printer!.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
switchConnection();
}
}
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT)
public void printDocument(File pdfFile) {
mPrintManager = (PrintManager) mActivity.getSystemService(Context.PRINT_SERVICE);
String jobName = mActivity.getResources().getString(R.string.app_name) + " Document";
mCurrentPrintJob = mPrintManager.print(jobName, new PrintServicesAdapter(mActivity, mFragment, pdfFile), null);
}
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT)
public void completePrintJob() {
mPrintJobs = mPrintManager.getPrintJobs();
mPrintCompleteHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
mPrintCompleteHandler.postDelayed(this, CONNECTION_TIME_OUT);
if (mCurrentPrintJob.getInfo().getState() == PrintJobInfo.STATE_COMPLETED) {
// remove that PrintJob from PrintManager.
for (int i = 0; i < mPrintJobs.size(); i++) {
if (mPrintJobs.get(i).getId() == mCurrentPrintJob.getId()) {
mPrintJobs.remove(i);
}
}
// switching back to previous connection..
switchConnection();
// stops handler..
mPrintCompleteHandler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(null);
} else if (mCurrentPrintJob.getInfo().getState() == PrintJobInfo.STATE_FAILED) {
switchConnection();
Toast.makeText(mActivity, "Print Failed!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
mPrintCompleteHandler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(null);
} else if (mCurrentPrintJob.getInfo().getState() == PrintJobInfo.STATE_CANCELED) {
switchConnection();
Toast.makeText(mActivity, "Print Cancelled!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
mPrintCompleteHandler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(null);
}
}
}, CONNECTION_TIME_OUT);
}
public void switchConnection() {
try {
if (!isMobileDataConnection) {
mOldWifiConfiguration = Util.getWifiConfiguration(mActivity, Constants.CONTROLLER_WIFI);
// get list of wifi available. if wifi configuration available then connect it.
// else.. show list of available wifi nearby.
boolean isWifiAvailable = false;
// scans nearby wifi.
mWifiManager.startScan();
setScanResults(mWifiScanner.getScanResults());
// checks this wifi in scan result list.
for (int i = 0; i < mScanResults.size(); i++) {
if (mOldWifiConfiguration.SSID.equals("\"" + mScanResults.get(i).SSID + "\"")) {
isWifiAvailable = true;
break;
}
}
if (isWifiAvailable) {
// connect to printer wifi and show print settings dialog and continue with print flow.
connectToWifi(mOldWifiConfiguration);
mWifiConnectHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
mWifiConnectHandler.postDelayed(this, TIME_OUT);
if (mOldWifiConfiguration.status == WifiConfiguration.Status.CURRENT) {
if (mWifiManager.getConnectionInfo().getSupplicantState() == SupplicantState.COMPLETED) {
try {
mObservable.notifyObserver(true);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
mWifiConnectHandler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(null);
}
}
}
}, TIME_OUT);
} else {
showWifiListActivity(Constants.REQUEST_CODE_WIFI);
}
} else {
mWifiManager.setWifiEnabled(false);
mObservable.notifyObserver(true);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
mObservable.notifyObserver(true);
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void getPrinterConfigAndPrint() {
mPrinterConfiguration = Util.getWifiConfiguration(mActivity, Constants.CONTROLLER_PRINTER);
doPrint();
}
public void setScanResults(List<ScanResult> scanResults) {
this.mScanResults = scanResults;
}
public void onPrintCancelled() {
switchConnection();
}
@Override
public void update() {
mObservable.detach(this);
}
@Override
public void updateObserver(boolean bool) {
}
@Override
public void updateObserverProgress(int percentage) {
}
}
我只能集成Bixolon SPP-R200的打印功能。他们有一个不错的SDK可用，而且很容易找到。我正在寻找8.5 x 11蓝牙功能，但是目前好像没有类似的sdk。
Star Micronics提供了适用于Android打印的SDK，支持蓝牙（以及wifi/以太网和USB）连接。您可以在此处下载：http://www.starmicronics.com/support/SDKDocumentation.aspx。
正如上面所提到的，现在您不能原生地进行打印，因此您的选择是使用特定的打印机API或第三方打印应用程序。
根据我的经验，最好使用API而不是外部应用程序。最大的原因是您可以完全控制打印机的行为。如果API设计得合理，实施起来也很容易。使用第三方应用程序会受到限制，因为您无法按照自己的意愿自定义打印输出。
我向您提供的Star SDK配备了一个非常好的示例应用程序，可以让您测试和自定义许多打印机功能并查看其效果。每个功能在源代码中都有记录。命令及其参数也作为快速屏幕参考在应用程序本身中提供，非常方便。除此之外，它的文档编写得很好。
如果您选择这种方式，您可以将纯文本与命令一起发送到打印机。API会处理将数据转换为打印机可以理解的格式。