使用FFmpeg命令进行快速编码,以较小的文件大小和合理的比特率为目标。

26

我目前在我的Android应用中使用FFmpeg的实现。 我允许用户在我的应用程序内拍摄短视频,然后当他们将其上传到服务器时,我使用FFmpeg压缩它们以减小文件大小,以便它们不会通过网络传输大量数据。

问题是,在Android设备上对视频进行编码需要太长时间。 这些视频通常不超过45秒,但可能需要20分钟才能完成编码。 我已经尝试了在FFmpeg命令行上使用不同的开关/参数,并且现在我可以在更短的时间内完成编码,但是生成的文件大小显著增加。 我不确定应该使用哪种编解码器(最快的编码但带有良好的质量输出),以及FFmpeg如何处理更改大小(宽高比)对编码速度的影响等。

这是我一直在使用的两个命令。 第一个命令输出我想要的文件大小/质量,但它需要太长时间来编码,而且在编码的同时会让我的设备变得非常热:

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -b:v 1024k -c:a copy -vf scale=960:540 output.mp4

我已经对比特率进行了一些调整,并将比例更改为较小的尺寸,但我不想通过使视频非常小(比例方面)来实现更快的编码。第二个命令速度更快,但文件大小显著增加:

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vcodec libx264 -preset fast -c:a copy -s 960x540 output.mp4

我希望找到一个折中的方法(文件尺寸更小但编码速度更快),同时保持视频比例尺寸接近原始状态。ffmpeg有很多不同的参数/开关,很难理解应该做什么。

编辑:添加ffmpeg输出。

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vcodec libx264 -crf 30 -preset veryfast -c:a copy -s 960x540 output.mp4

    09-13 11:06:28.330 10881-10881/someapp D/home: ffmpeg version n3.0.1 Copyright (c) 2000-2016 the FFmpeg developers
09-13 11:06:28.330 10881-10881/someapp D/home:   built with gcc 4.8 (GCC)
09-13 11:06:28.331 10881-10881/someapp D/home:   configuration: --target-os=linux --cross-prefix=/home/vagrant/SourceCode/ffmpeg-android/toolchain-android/bin/arm-linux-androideabi- --arch=arm --cpu=cortex-a8 --enable-runtime-cpudetect --sysroot=/home/vagrant/SourceCode/ffmpeg-android/toolchain-android/sysroot --enable-pic --enable-libx264 --enable-libass --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libmp3lame --enable-fontconfig --enable-pthreads --disable-debug --disable-ffserver --enable-version3 --enable-hardcoded-tables --disable-ffplay --disable-ffprobe --enable-gpl --enable-yasm --disable-doc --disable-shared --enable-static --pkg-config=/home/vagrant/SourceCode/ffmpeg-android/ffmpeg-pkg-config --prefix=/home/vagrant/SourceCode/ffmpeg-android/build/armeabi-v7a --extra-cflags='-I/home/vagrant/SourceCode/ffmpeg-android/toolchain-android/include -U_FORTIFY_SOURCE -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fno-strict-overflow -fstack-protector-all' --extra-ldflags='-L/home/vagrant/SourceCode/ffmpeg-android/toolchain-android/lib -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -pie' --extra-libs='-lpng -lexpat -lm' --extra-cxxflags=
09-13 11:06:28.331 10881-10881/someapp D/home:   libavutil      55. 17.103 / 55. 17.103
09-13 11:06:28.331 10881-10881/someapp D/home:   libavcodec     57. 24.102 / 57. 24.102
09-13 11:06:28.331 10881-10881/someapp D/home:   libavformat    57. 25.100 / 57. 25.100
09-13 11:06:28.331 10881-10881/someapp D/home:   libavdevice    57.  0.101 / 57.  0.101
09-13 11:06:28.331 10881-10881/someapp D/home:   libavfilter     6. 31.100 /  6. 31.100
09-13 11:06:28.331 10881-10881/someapp D/home:   libswscale      4.  0.100 /  4.  0.100
09-13 11:06:28.331 10881-10881/someapp D/home:   libswresample   2.  0.101 /  2.  0.101
09-13 11:06:28.331 10881-10881/someapp D/home:   libpostproc    54.  0.100 / 54.  0.100
09-13 11:06:28.430 10881-10881/someapp D/home: Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from '/storage/emulated/0/ExpeditionSpot/Videos/20160913110411.mp4':
09-13 11:06:28.430 10881-10881/someapp D/home:   Metadata:
09-13 11:06:28.430 10881-10881/someapp D/home:     major_brand     : mp42
09-13 11:06:28.430 10881-10881/someapp D/home:     minor_version   : 0
09-13 11:06:28.430 10881-10881/someapp D/home:     compatible_brands: isommp42
09-13 11:06:28.430 10881-10881/someapp D/home:     creation_time   : 2016-09-13 17:04:33
09-13 11:06:28.430 10881-10881/someapp D/home:     com.android.version: 6.0.1
09-13 11:06:28.430 10881-10881/someapp D/home:   Duration: 00:00:19.41, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 20222 kb/s
09-13 11:06:28.430 10881-10881/someapp D/home:     Stream #0:0(eng): Video: h264 (Baseline) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p, 1920x1080, 19963 kb/s, SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9, 30.03 fps, 30 tbr, 90k tbn, 180k tbc (default)
09-13 11:06:28.430 10881-10881/someapp D/home:     Metadata:
09-13 11:06:28.430 10881-10881/someapp D/home:       creation_time   : 2016-09-13 17:04:33
09-13 11:06:28.430 10881-10881/someapp D/home:       handler_name    : VideoHandle
09-13 11:06:28.431 10881-10881/someapp D/home:     Stream #0:1(eng): Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 48000 Hz, stereo, fltp, 96 kb/s (default)
09-13 11:06:28.431 10881-10881/someapp D/home:     Metadata:
09-13 11:06:28.431 10881-10881/someapp D/home:       creation_time   : 2016-09-13 17:04:33
09-13 11:06:28.431 10881-10881/someapp D/home:       handler_name    : SoundHandle
09-13 11:06:28.448 10881-10881/someapp D/home: [libx264 @ 0xf71c4400] using SAR=1/1
09-13 11:06:28.448 10881-10881/someapp D/home: [libx264 @ 0xf71c4400] using cpu capabilities: none!
09-13 11:06:28.516 10881-10881/someapp D/home: [libx264 @ 0xf71c4400] profile High, level 3.1
09-13 11:06:28.516 10881-10881/someapp D/home: [libx264 @ 0xf71c4400] 264 - core 148 - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2015 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=1 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x3:0x113 me=hex subme=2 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=0 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=0 8x8dct=1 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=0 threads=12 lookahead_threads=4 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=3 b_pyramid=2 b_adapt=1 b_bias=0 direct=1 weightb=1 open_gop=0 weightp=1 keyint=250 keyint_min=25 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=10 rc=crf mbtree=1 crf=27.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00
09-13 11:06:28.532 10881-10881/someapp D/home: Output #0, mp4, to '/storage/emulated/0/ExpeditionSpot/.tmp/small-20160913110411.mp4':
09-13 11:06:28.532 10881-10881/someapp D/home:   Metadata:
09-13 11:06:28.532 10881-10881/someapp D/home:     major_brand     : mp42
09-13 11:06:28.533 10881-10881/someapp D/home:     minor_version   : 0
09-13 11:06:28.533 10881-10881/someapp D/home:     compatible_brands: isommp42
09-13 11:06:28.533 10881-10881/someapp D/home:     com.android.version: 6.0.1
09-13 11:06:28.533 10881-10881/someapp D/home:     encoder         : Lavf57.25.100
09-13 11:06:28.533 10881-10881/someapp D/home:     Stream #0:0(eng): Video: h264 (libx264) ([33][0][0][0] / 0x0021), yuv420p, 960x540 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], q=-1--1, 30 fps, 15360 tbn, 30 tbc (default)
09-13 11:06:28.533 10881-10881/someapp D/home:     Metadata:
09-13 11:06:28.533 10881-10881/someapp D/home:       creation_time   : 2016-09-13 17:04:33
09-13 11:06:28.533 10881-10881/someapp D/home:       handler_name    : VideoHandle
09-13 11:06:28.533 10881-10881/someapp D/home:       encoder         : Lavc57.24.102 libx264
09-13 11:06:28.533 10881-10881/someapp D/home:     Side data:
09-13 11:06:28.533 10881-10881/someapp D/home:       unknown side data type 10 (24 bytes)
09-13 11:06:28.533 10881-10881/someapp D/home:     Stream #0:1(eng): Audio: aac (LC) ([64][0][0][0] / 0x0040), 48000 Hz, stereo, 96 kb/s (default)
09-13 11:06:28.533 10881-10881/someapp D/home:     Metadata:
09-13 11:06:28.533 10881-10881/someapp D/home:       creation_time   : 2016-09-13 17:04:33
09-13 11:06:28.533 10881-10881/someapp D/home:       handler_name    : SoundHandle
09-13 11:06:28.533 10881-10881/someapp D/home: Stream mapping:
09-13 11:06:28.533 10881-10881/someapp D/home:   Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (h264 (native) -> h264 (libx264))
09-13 11:06:28.533 10881-10881/someapp D/home:   Stream #0:1 -> #0:1 (copy)
09-13 11:06:28.533 10881-10881/someapp D/home: Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
09-13 11:06:29.102 10881-10881/someapp D/home: frame=    7 fps=0.0 q=0.0 size=       0kB time=00:00:01.04 bitrate=   0.4kbits/s speed=2.08x    
09-13 11:06:29.699 10881-10881/someapp D/home: frame=   16 fps= 15 q=0.0 size=       0kB time=00:00:01.04 bitrate=   0.4kbits/s speed=0.998x    
....
09-13 11:07:12.674 10881-10881/someapp D/home: [libx264 @ 0xf71c4400] frame I:3     Avg QP:26.83  size: 21896
09-13 11:07:12.674 10881-10881/someapp D/home: [libx264 @ 0xf71c4400] frame P:279   Avg QP:28.76  size:  5859
09-13 11:07:12.674 10881-10881/someapp D/home: [libx264 @ 0xf71c4400] frame B:296   Avg QP:29.93  size:   863
09-13 11:07:12.674 10881-10881/someapp D/home: [libx264 @ 0xf71c4400] consecutive B-frames: 18.3% 32.2% 23.9% 25.6%
09-13 11:07:12.674 10881-10881/someapp D/home: [libx264 @ 0xf71c4400] mb I  I16..4: 16.9% 54.2% 28.9%
09-13 11:07:12.674 10881-10881/someapp D/home: [libx264 @ 0xf71c4400] mb P  I16..4:  7.7%  9.1%  0.4%  P16..4: 27.5% 11.1%  4.0%  0.0%  0.0%    skip:40.1%
09-13 11:07:12.674 10881-10881/someapp D/home: [libx264 @ 0xf71c4400] mb B  I16..4:  0.8%  0.6%  0.0%  B16..8: 10.9%  2.4%  0.1%  direct: 1.8%  skip:83.5%  L0:35.8% L1:54.2% BI:10.0%
09-13 11:07:12.675 10881-10881/someapp D/home: [libx264 @ 0xf71c4400] 8x8 transform intra:52.0% inter:41.3%
09-13 11:07:12.675 10881-10881/someapp D/home: [libx264 @ 0xf71c4400] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 28.9% 26.0% 2.1% inter: 6.4% 5.0% 0.0%
09-13 11:07:12.675 10881-10881/someapp D/home: [libx264 @ 0xf71c4400] i16 v,h,dc,p: 57% 20% 17%  6%
09-13 11:07:12.675 10881-10881/someapp D/home: [libx264 @ 0xf71c4400] i8 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 33% 23% 34%  1%  2%  1%  3%  2%  2%
09-13 11:07:12.675 10881-10881/someapp D/home: [libx264 @ 0xf71c4400] i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 36% 21% 17%  2%  7%  4%  6%  4%  4%
09-13 11:07:12.675 10881-10881/someapp D/home: [libx264 @ 0xf71c4400] i8c dc,h,v,p: 59% 16% 23%  2%
09-13 11:07:12.675 10881-10881/someapp D/home: [libx264 @ 0xf71c4400] Weighted P-Frames: Y:16.8% UV:4.7%
09-13 11:07:12.675 10881-10881/someapp D/home: [libx264 @ 0xf71c4400] kb/s:812.09

你无能为力。转码是一项高度依赖CPU的过程。你实际上是在同时解码和编码视频。除了使用GPU卸载(不知道ffmpeg是否可以使用GPU),你只能让CPU在执行数不清的数学运算时烧毁。 - Marc B
3
显然我可以做些什么,因为这两个命令产生了截然不同的结果(在编码时间方面)。我确信有些编解码器比其他编解码器更快,只是不确定是哪些或是什么。 - Blair Holmes
尝试使用ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vcodec libx264 -crf 27 -preset veryfast -c:a copy -s 960x540 output.mp4命令。但正如Marc所说,考虑到其他限制条件,加速的余地有限。 - Gyan
您IP地址为143.198.54.68,由于运营成本限制,当前对于免费用户的使用频率限制为每个IP每72小时10次对话,如需解除限制,请点击左下角设置图标按钮(手机用户先点击左上角菜单按钮)。 - Marc B
只需上传原始文件并在服务器上进行编码。使用软件在手机上进行编码只会消耗客户的电池。 - llogan
显示剩余7条评论
2个回答

59
尝试
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vcodec libx264 -crf 27 -preset veryfast -c:a copy -s 960x540 output.mp4
在CRF模式下,x264编码视频以保持一定的质量。较小的值会产生更高的质量但文件更大。与veryfast预设结合使用,应该提供一个可以接受速度和大小之间的权衡。

3
使用 ultrafast 而不是 veryfast,以实现更快的压缩。 - reverie_ss
5
@reverie_ss veryfast 预设 - 4.9mb (9s),ultrafast - 12.3mb (8s)。仅相差一秒。 - Alex

0

使用ffmpeg和x264进行一次转换,具有良好的压缩和质量以及合理的文件大小,例如:

视频:

-c:v libx264 -preset veryfast -tune film -vprofile high -crf 22 -s 640x360 -aspect 16:9 -pix_fmt yuv420p -g 250 -r 25

音频:

 -c:a aac -b:a 128k -ac 2 -ar 44100

Asamof: crf 20到23。如果你想保留原始内容,可以省略fps(-r 25)。除了crf和大小之外,减小文件大小最有效的方法之一是gop大小(-g),也称为关键帧间隔。然而,如果你计划更精确地剪辑视频,我建议使用gop为(0到)12(对于25 fps的电影来说,是fps的一半)。如果你不打算进行太多剪辑,只想转换原样,我会建议使用默认的gop值250。
音频对文件大小的影响较小。96(合理)到128 kbps(CD质量,首选)之间。
当然,你也可以在Avidemux中进行这些转换(和编辑)(http://fixounet.free.fr/avidemux/)。在“视频输出,配置”中,你可以选择使用高级模式或不使用(并进行自定义设置)。gop位于“帧”选项卡下。
视频容器提示:mkv,即matroska = 开源 + 比mp4更灵活。
再见。
P.S.:不要在Android设备上转码视频。最好使用一台性能良好的笔记本电脑,最好是具有2个或更多核心和4个或更多G(i)b内存。电脑的另一个优点是你可以更轻松地使用(Linux bash或其他)脚本,并且你可以用1到10根手指打字!;-P

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