string = "This is a link http://www.google.com"
如何提取 'http://www.google.com'?
(每个链接的格式都相同,即为'http://')
string = "This is a link http://www.google.com"
如何提取 'http://www.google.com'?
(每个链接的格式都相同,即为'http://')
有几种方法可以实现这个目标,但最干净的方式是使用正则表达式
>>> myString = "This is a link http://www.google.com"
>>> print re.search("(?P<url>https?://[^\s]+)", myString).group("url")
http://www.google.com
如果有多个链接,您可以使用类似以下的方法
>>> myString = "These are the links http://www.google.com and https://dev59.com/13RA5IYBdhLWcg3wwwvD"
>>> print re.findall(r'(https?://[^\s]+)', myString)
['http://www.google.com', 'https://dev59.com/13RA5IYBdhLWcg3wwwvD']
>>>
ftp://
和mailto:
等URL,并且会天真地从<a href="http://google.com/">Click here</a>
中获取尾部部分(即"click"之前的内容)。 - tripleeehttp
格式的 URL。因此这对此非常有效。但如果人们是来解析 HTML 或类似内容的,了解你所说的话非常重要。 - teewuanemyString = "This is not a link http://not-a-valid-url"
- Paolo RovellimyString = "This is not a link http://not-a-valid-url"
- undefined还有另一种简易地从文本中提取URL的方法。你可以使用urlextract来帮助你完成,只需通过pip安装即可:
还有另一个轻松提取文本中 URL 的方法,您可以使用 urlextract 来自动完成,只需通过 pip 进行安装:
pip install urlextract
然后您可以像这样使用它:
from urlextract import URLExtract
extractor = URLExtract()
urls = extractor.find_urls("Let's have URL stackoverflow.com as an example.")
print(urls) # prints: ['stackoverflow.com']
你可以在我的 GitHub 页面上找到更多信息:https://github.com/lipoja/URLExtract
注意:该程序会从 iana.org 下载顶级域名列表以使其保持最新状态。但如果该程序无法访问互联网,则不适用于您。
ok/https://www.duckduckgo.com
无法捕获其中的URL。 - autonopy import re
string = "This is a link http://www.google.com"
#string = "This is also a URL https://www.host.domain.com:80/path/page.php?query=value&a2=v2#foo but this is not anymore"
regex = r'('
# Scheme (HTTP, HTTPS, FTP and SFTP):
regex += r'(?:(https?|s?ftp):\/\/)?'
# www:
regex += r'(?:www\.)?'
regex += r'('
# Host and domain (including ccSLD):
regex += r'(?:(?:[A-Z0-9][A-Z0-9-]{0,61}[A-Z0-9]\.)+)'
# TLD:
regex += r'([A-Z]{2,6})'
# IP Address:
regex += r'|(?:\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3})'
regex += r')'
# Port:
regex += r'(?::(\d{1,5}))?'
# Query path:
regex += r'(?:(\/\S+)*)'
regex += r')'
find_urls_in_string = re.compile(regex, re.IGNORECASE)
url = find_urls_in_string.search(string)
if url is not None and url.group(0) is not None:
print("URL parts: " + str(url.groups())) # OUTPUT: ('http://www.google.com', 'http', 'google.com', 'com', None, None)
print("URL" + url.group(0).strip()) # OUTPUT: http://www.google.com
注意:如果您想在单个字符串中查找更多的URL,仍然可以使用相同的正则表达式,只需使用findall()而不是search()。
话虽如此,请记住上述正则表达式既不完整也不准确。它可能匹配一些无效的URI,或者不匹配一些有效的URI(例如:mailto:aaa@bbb.com
)!
您可以使正则表达式更加准确,例如确保TLD是有效的(在此处查看有效TLD的完整列表:https://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt):
# TLD:
regex += r'(com|net|org|eu|...)'
编辑:
在一个通用字符串中寻找网页URL最准确的方法可能是简单地拆分字符串,并使用validators或类似的库验证每个子字符串。
import validators
string = "This is a link http://www.google.com"
#string = "This is also a URL https://www.host.domain.com:80/path/page.php?query=value&a2=v2#foo but this is not anymore"
for substring in string.split(" "):
if validators.url(substring):
print("URL: " + substring)
if validators.ip_address.ipv4(substring) or validators.ip_address.ipv6(substring):
print("IP Address: " + substring)
if validators.email(substring):
print("Email Address: " + substring)
((?:(https?|s?ftp):\/\/)?(?:www\.)?((?:(?:[A-Z0-9][A-Z0-9-]{0,61}[A-Z0-9]\.)+)([A-Z]{2,6})|(?:\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}))(?::(\d{1,5}))?(?:(\/\S+)*))
。还请注意TLD列表现在也包括24个字符长的有趣结尾,如XN--VERMGENSBERATUNG-PWB
,这些都不会被这个正则表达式所捕获。 - luckydonald(?i)
添加到模式中-更具可移植性。此外,请记住,这将匹配23.084.828.566
,这不是有效的IP地址,但在某些语言环境中是有效的浮点数。 - Mr_and_Mrs_Ddocs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/10FmR8upvxZcZE1q9n1o40z16mygUJklkXQ7lwGS4nlI
只匹配 docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/10FmR8upvxZcZE1q9n
。 - Jorge Orpinel Pérez这可以提取所有带参数的URL,但以上所有示例都对我无效。
import re
data = 'https://net2333.us3.list-some.com/subscribe/confirm?u=f3cca8a1ffdee924a6a413ae9&id=6c03fa85f8&e=6bbacccc5b'
WEB_URL_REGEX = r"""(?i)\b((?:https?:(?:/{1,3}|[a-z0-9%])|[a-z0-9.\-]+[.](?:com|net|org|edu|gov|mil|aero|asia|biz|cat|coop|info|int|jobs|mobi|museum|name|post|pro|tel|travel|xxx|ac|ad|ae|af|ag|ai|al|am|an|ao|aq|ar|as|at|au|aw|ax|az|ba|bb|bd|be|bf|bg|bh|bi|bj|bm|bn|bo|br|bs|bt|bv|bw|by|bz|ca|cc|cd|cf|cg|ch|ci|ck|cl|cm|cn|co|cr|cs|cu|cv|cx|cy|cz|dd|de|dj|dk|dm|do|dz|ec|ee|eg|eh|er|es|et|eu|fi|fj|fk|fm|fo|fr|ga|gb|gd|ge|gf|gg|gh|gi|gl|gm|gn|gp|gq|gr|gs|gt|gu|gw|gy|hk|hm|hn|hr|ht|hu|id|ie|il|im|in|io|iq|ir|is|it|je|jm|jo|jp|ke|kg|kh|ki|km|kn|kp|kr|kw|ky|kz|la|lb|lc|li|lk|lr|ls|lt|lu|lv|ly|ma|mc|md|me|mg|mh|mk|ml|mm|mn|mo|mp|mq|mr|ms|mt|mu|mv|mw|mx|my|mz|na|nc|ne|nf|ng|ni|nl|no|np|nr|nu|nz|om|pa|pe|pf|pg|ph|pk|pl|pm|pn|pr|ps|pt|pw|py|qa|re|ro|rs|ru|rw|sa|sb|sc|sd|se|sg|sh|si|sj|Ja|sk|sl|sm|sn|so|sr|ss|st|su|sv|sx|sy|sz|tc|td|tf|tg|th|tj|tk|tl|tm|tn|to|tp|tr|tt|tv|tw|tz|ua|ug|uk|us|uy|uz|va|vc|ve|vg|vi|vn|vu|wf|ws|ye|yt|yu|za|zm|zw)/)(?:[^\s()<>{}\[\]]+|\([^\s()]*?\([^\s()]+\)[^\s()]*?\)|\([^\s]+?\))+(?:\([^\s()]*?\([^\s()]+\)[^\s()]*?\)|\([^\s]+?\)|[^\s`!()\[\]{};:'".,<>?«»“”‘’])|(?:(?<!@)[a-z0-9]+(?:[.\-][a-z0-9]+)*[.](?:com|net|org|edu|gov|mil|aero|asia|biz|cat|coop|info|int|jobs|mobi|museum|name|post|pro|tel|travel|xxx|ac|ad|ae|af|ag|ai|al|am|an|ao|aq|ar|as|at|au|aw|ax|az|ba|bb|bd|be|bf|bg|bh|bi|bj|bm|bn|bo|br|bs|bt|bv|bw|by|bz|ca|cc|cd|cf|cg|ch|ci|ck|cl|cm|cn|co|cr|cs|cu|cv|cx|cy|cz|dd|de|dj|dk|dm|do|dz|ec|ee|eg|eh|er|es|et|eu|fi|fj|fk|fm|fo|fr|ga|gb|gd|ge|gf|gg|gh|gi|gl|gm|gn|gp|gq|gr|gs|gt|gu|gw|gy|hk|hm|hn|hr|ht|hu|id|ie|il|im|in|io|iq|ir|is|it|je|jm|jo|jp|ke|kg|kh|ki|km|kn|kp|kr|kw|ky|kz|la|lb|lc|li|lk|lr|ls|lt|lu|lv|ly|ma|mc|md|me|mg|mh|mk|ml|mm|mn|mo|mp|mq|mr|ms|mt|mu|mv|mw|mx|my|mz|na|nc|ne|nf|ng|ni|nl|no|np|nr|nu|nz|om|pa|pe|pf|pg|ph|pk|pl|pm|pn|pr|ps|pt|pw|py|qa|re|ro|rs|ru|rw|sa|sb|sc|sd|se|sg|sh|si|sj|Ja|sk|sl|sm|sn|so|sr|ss|st|su|sv|sx|sy|sz|tc|td|tf|tg|th|tj|tk|tl|tm|tn|to|tp|tr|tt|tv|tw|tz|ua|ug|uk|us|uy|uz|va|vc|ve|vg|vi|vn|vu|wf|ws|ye|yt|yu|za|zm|zw)\b/?(?!@)))"""
re.findall(WEB_URL_REGEX, text)
我对@Abhijit的已接受答案进行了轻微变化。
这个使用\S
而不是[^\s]
,它们是等效的但更简洁。它也不使用命名组,因为只有一个,为了简单起见我们可以省略名称:
import re
my_string = "This is my tweet check it out http://example.com/blah"
print(re.search(r'(https?://\S+)', my_string).group())
.findall()
:print(re.findall(r'(https?://\S+)', my_string))
1.
>>> import re
>>> string = "This is a link http://www.google.com"
>>> pattern = r'[(http://)|\w]*?[\w]*\.[-/\w]*\.\w*[(/{1})]?[#-\./\w]*[(/{1,})]?'
>>> re.search(pattern, string)
http://www.google.com
>>> TWEET = ('New Pybites article: Module of the Week - Requests-cache '
'for Repeated API Calls - http://pybit.es/requests-cache.html '
'#python #APIs')
>>> re.search(pattern, TWEET)
http://pybit.es/requests-cache.html
>>> tweet = ('Pybites My Reading List | 12 Rules for Life - #books '
'that expand the mind! '
'http://pbreadinglist.herokuapp.com/books/'
'TvEqDAAAQBAJ#.XVOriU5z2tA.twitter'
' #psychology #philosophy')
>>> re.findall(pattern, TWEET)
['http://pbreadinglist.herokuapp.com/books/TvEqDAAAQBAJ#.XVOriU5z2tA.twitter']
>>> pattern = r'[(http://)|\w]*?[\w]*\.[-/\w]*\.\w*[(/{1})]?[#-\./\w]*[(/{1,})]?|#[.\w]*'
>>> re.findall(pattern, tweet)
['#books', http://pbreadinglist.herokuapp.com/books/TvEqDAAAQBAJ#.XVOriU5z2tA.twitter', '#psychology', '#philosophy']
>>> pattern = r'((?:#|http)\S+)'
>>> re.findall(pattern, tweet)
['#books', http://pbreadinglist.herokuapp.com/books/TvEqDAAAQBAJ#.XVOriU5z2tA.twitter', '#psychology', '#philosophy']
>>> pattern = pattern = r'(?:http://)?\w+\.\S*[^.\s]'
>>> tweet = ('PyBites My Reading List | 12 Rules for Life - #books '
'that expand the mind! '
'www.google.com/telephone/wire.... '
'http://pbreadinglist.herokuapp.com/books/'
'TvEqDAAAQBAJ#.XVOriU5z2tA.twitter '
"http://-www.pip.org "
"google.com "
"twitter.com "
"facebook.com"
' #psychology #philosophy')
>>> re.findall(pattern, tweet)
['www.google.com/telephone/wire', 'http://pbreadinglist.herokuapp.com/books/TvEqDAAAQBAJ#.XVOriU5z2tA.twitter', 'www.pip.org', 'google.com', 'twitter.com', 'facebook.com']
你可以尝试任何包含数字1和2模式的复杂URL。 要了解有关Python中re模块的更多信息,请查看Real Python的Python正则表达式。