我需要在asp.net页面之间传递值。如何加密URL中的这些值? 示例:Response.Redirect("customerAdd.aspx?customerId=" + custId);
我需要在asp.net页面之间传递值。如何加密URL中的这些值? 示例:Response.Redirect("customerAdd.aspx?customerId=" + custId);
请查看Mads Kristensen的文章,了解一个HttpModule,它可以加密/解密您所有的查询字符串。
http://madskristensen.net/post/httpmodule-for-query-string-encryption他的代码使用一个HttpModule来解析传出的HTML,以加密和替换所有相对路径查询字符串。该HttpModule还捕获传入请求并重写请求URL以使用未加密的查询字符串。
好处是您可以插入该模块,您的代码不需要知道查询字符串何时加密或未加密。从代码角度看,查询字符串的工作方式与往常一样。
我们现在已经使用它超过五年了,它运行得非常好。
生成全加密文件的代码非常冗长,但可以为您完成:
建议使用SessionID作为盐值,因为它对于每个用户来说都是变化的,但在回发过程中保持稳定。
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// SAMPLE: Symmetric key encryption and decryption using Rijndael algorithm.
//
// To run this sample, create a new Visual C# project using the Console
// Application template and replace the contents of the Class1.cs file with
// the code below.
//
// THIS CODE AND INFORMATION IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
// EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED
// WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND/OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
//
// Copyright (C) 2002 Obviex(TM). All rights reserved.
//
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
namespace TDX.Portal.Utilities
{
/// <summary>
/// This class uses a symmetric key algorithm (Rijndael/AES) to encrypt and
/// decrypt data. As long as encryption and decryption routines use the same
/// parameters to generate the keys, the keys are guaranteed to be the same.
/// The class uses static functions with duplicate code to make it easier to
/// demonstrate encryption and decryption logic. In a real-life application,
/// this may not be the most efficient way of handling encryption, so - as
/// soon as you feel comfortable with it - you may want to redesign this class.
/// </summary>
public class RijndaelSimple
{
/// <summary>
/// Encrypts specified plaintext using Rijndael symmetric key algorithm
/// and returns a base64-encoded result.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="plainText">
/// Plaintext value to be encrypted.
/// </param>
/// <param name="passPhrase">
/// Passphrase from which a pseudo-random password will be derived. The
/// derived password will be used to generate the encryption key.
/// Passphrase can be any string. In this example we assume that this
/// passphrase is an ASCII string.
/// </param>
/// <param name="saltValue">
/// Salt value used along with passphrase to generate password. Salt can
/// be any string. In this example we assume that salt is an ASCII string.
/// </param>
/// <param name="hashAlgorithm">
/// Hash algorithm used to generate password. Allowed values are: "MD5" and
/// "SHA1". SHA1 hashes are a bit slower, but more secure than MD5 hashes.
/// </param>
/// <param name="passwordIterations">
/// Number of iterations used to generate password. One or two iterations
/// should be enough.
/// </param>
/// <param name="initVector">
/// Initialization vector (or IV). This value is required to encrypt the
/// first block of plaintext data. For RijndaelManaged class IV must be
/// exactly 16 ASCII characters long.
/// </param>
/// <param name="keySize">
/// Size of encryption key in bits. Allowed values are: 128, 192, and 256.
/// Longer keys are more secure than shorter keys.
/// </param>
/// <returns>
/// Encrypted value formatted as a base64-encoded string.
/// </returns>
public static string Encrypt(string plainText,
string passPhrase,
string saltValue,
string hashAlgorithm,
int passwordIterations,
string initVector,
int keySize)
{
// Convert strings into byte arrays.
// Let us assume that strings only contain ASCII codes.
// If strings include Unicode characters, use Unicode, UTF7, or UTF8
// encoding.
byte[] initVectorBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(initVector);
byte[] saltValueBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(saltValue);
// Convert our plaintext into a byte array.
// Let us assume that plaintext contains UTF8-encoded characters.
byte[] plainTextBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(plainText);
// First, we must create a password, from which the key will be derived.
// This password will be generated from the specified passphrase and
// salt value. The password will be created using the specified hash
// algorithm. Password creation can be done in several iterations.
PasswordDeriveBytes password = new PasswordDeriveBytes(
passPhrase,
saltValueBytes,
hashAlgorithm,
passwordIterations);
// Use the password to generate pseudo-random bytes for the encryption
// key. Specify the size of the key in bytes (instead of bits).
byte[] keyBytes = password.GetBytes(keySize / 8);
// Create uninitialized Rijndael encryption object.
RijndaelManaged symmetricKey = new RijndaelManaged();
// It is reasonable to set encryption mode to Cipher Block Chaining
// (CBC). Use default options for other symmetric key parameters.
symmetricKey.Mode = CipherMode.CBC;
// Generate encryptor from the existing key bytes and initialization
// vector. Key size will be defined based on the number of the key
// bytes.
ICryptoTransform encryptor = symmetricKey.CreateEncryptor(
keyBytes,
initVectorBytes);
// Define memory stream which will be used to hold encrypted data.
MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
// Define cryptographic stream (always use Write mode for encryption).
CryptoStream cryptoStream = new CryptoStream(memoryStream,
encryptor,
CryptoStreamMode.Write);
// Start encrypting.
cryptoStream.Write(plainTextBytes, 0, plainTextBytes.Length);
// Finish encrypting.
cryptoStream.FlushFinalBlock();
// Convert our encrypted data from a memory stream into a byte array.
byte[] cipherTextBytes = memoryStream.ToArray();
// Close both streams.
memoryStream.Close();
cryptoStream.Close();
// Convert encrypted data into a base64-encoded string.
string cipherText = Convert.ToBase64String(cipherTextBytes);
// Return encrypted string.
return cipherText;
}
/// <summary>
/// Decrypts specified ciphertext using Rijndael symmetric key algorithm.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="cipherText">
/// Base64-formatted ciphertext value.
/// </param>
/// <param name="passPhrase">
/// Passphrase from which a pseudo-random password will be derived. The
/// derived password will be used to generate the encryption key.
/// Passphrase can be any string. In this example we assume that this
/// passphrase is an ASCII string.
/// </param>
/// <param name="saltValue">
/// Salt value used along with passphrase to generate password. Salt can
/// be any string. In this example we assume that salt is an ASCII string.
/// </param>
/// <param name="hashAlgorithm">
/// Hash algorithm used to generate password. Allowed values are: "MD5" and
/// "SHA1". SHA1 hashes are a bit slower, but more secure than MD5 hashes.
/// </param>
/// <param name="passwordIterations">
/// Number of iterations used to generate password. One or two iterations
/// should be enough.
/// </param>
/// <param name="initVector">
/// Initialization vector (or IV). This value is required to encrypt the
/// first block of plaintext data. For RijndaelManaged class IV must be
/// exactly 16 ASCII characters long.
/// </param>
/// <param name="keySize">
/// Size of encryption key in bits. Allowed values are: 128, 192, and 256.
/// Longer keys are more secure than shorter keys.
/// </param>
/// <returns>
/// Decrypted string value.
/// </returns>
/// <remarks>
/// Most of the logic in this function is similar to the Encrypt
/// logic. In order for decryption to work, all parameters of this function
/// - except cipherText value - must match the corresponding parameters of
/// the Encrypt function which was called to generate the
/// ciphertext.
/// </remarks>
public static string Decrypt(string cipherText,
string passPhrase,
string saltValue,
string hashAlgorithm,
int passwordIterations,
string initVector,
int keySize)
{
// Convert strings defining encryption key characteristics into byte
// arrays. Let us assume that strings only contain ASCII codes.
// If strings include Unicode characters, use Unicode, UTF7, or UTF8
// encoding.
byte[] initVectorBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(initVector);
byte[] saltValueBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(saltValue);
// Convert our ciphertext into a byte array.
byte[] cipherTextBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(cipherText);
// First, we must create a password, from which the key will be
// derived. This password will be generated from the specified
// passphrase and salt value. The password will be created using
// the specified hash algorithm. Password creation can be done in
// several iterations.
PasswordDeriveBytes password = new PasswordDeriveBytes(
passPhrase,
saltValueBytes,
hashAlgorithm,
passwordIterations);
// Use the password to generate pseudo-random bytes for the encryption
// key. Specify the size of the key in bytes (instead of bits).
byte[] keyBytes = password.GetBytes(keySize / 8);
// Create uninitialized Rijndael encryption object.
RijndaelManaged symmetricKey = new RijndaelManaged();
// It is reasonable to set encryption mode to Cipher Block Chaining
// (CBC). Use default options for other symmetric key parameters.
symmetricKey.Mode = CipherMode.CBC;
// Generate decryptor from the existing key bytes and initialization
// vector. Key size will be defined based on the number of the key
// bytes.
ICryptoTransform decryptor = symmetricKey.CreateDecryptor(
keyBytes,
initVectorBytes);
// Define memory stream which will be used to hold encrypted data.
MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream(cipherTextBytes);
// Define cryptographic stream (always use Read mode for encryption).
CryptoStream cryptoStream = new CryptoStream(memoryStream,
decryptor,
CryptoStreamMode.Read);
// Since at this point we don't know what the size of decrypted data
// will be, allocate the buffer long enough to hold ciphertext;
// plaintext is never longer than ciphertext.
byte[] plainTextBytes = new byte[cipherTextBytes.Length];
// Start decrypting.
int decryptedByteCount = cryptoStream.Read(plainTextBytes,
0,
plainTextBytes.Length);
// Close both streams.
memoryStream.Close();
cryptoStream.Close();
// Convert decrypted data into a string.
// Let us assume that the original plaintext string was UTF8-encoded.
string plainText = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(plainTextBytes,
0,
decryptedByteCount);
// Return decrypted string.
return plainText;
}
}
}
domain.com/MyPage?x=hfjhwke878979blahblah
然后,您解密并使用它,并将其放回到键/值数据结构中。这是一种方法。
www.example.com/customerAdd.aspx?customerId=custId&password=weak
www.example.com/customerAdd.aspx?s=KJADSN1234kNmnanjnads
记得将加密密钥存储在服务器端,不要将其发送到客户端。
现在,如果您对所有加密会话使用相同的密钥,则可以重复使用URL。也就是说,您可以将URL发送给其他人,他们可以访问相同的页面。但是,这种方案会降低您的加密安全性。
如果您为每个会话更改加密密钥,则可以获得额外的安全性,但是会话关闭后URL将无效。
您可以查看 https://www.code2night.com/Blog/MyBlog/Url-Encryption-in-AspNet-MVC 中的Asp.Net MVC URL加密,它将使用自定义Html Helpers和Filter Attribute来解释如何使用URL加密。