Spring的“Hello World”示例错误

Question

我有这个错误：

INFO: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [Beans.xml]
Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException: Line 2 in XML document from class path resource [Beans.xml] is invalid; nested exception is org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 2; columnNumber: 6; The processing instruction target matching "[xX][mM][lL]" is not allowed.
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:398)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:335)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:303)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:180)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:216)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:187)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:251)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractXmlApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractXmlApplicationContext.java:127)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractXmlApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractXmlApplicationContext.java:93)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:130)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtainFreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:551)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:465)
    at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:139)
    at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:83)
    at com.tutorialspoint.MainApp.main(MainApp.java:10)

 Caused by: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 2; columnNumber: 6; The processing instruction target matching "[xX][mM][lL]" is not allowed.
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.createSAXParseException(Unknown Source)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.fatalError(Unknown Source)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(Unknown Source)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(Unknown Source)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLScanner.reportFatalError(Unknown Source)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLScanner.scanPIData(Unknown Source)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanPIData(Unknown Source)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLScanner.scanPI(Unknown Source)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl$PrologDriver.next(Unknown Source)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(Unknown Source)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.next(Unknown Source)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(Unknown Source)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(Unknown Source)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(Unknown Source)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(Unknown Source)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.DOMParser.parse(Unknown Source)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.DocumentBuilderImpl.parse(Unknown Source)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultDocumentLoader.loadDocument(DefaultDocumentLoader.java:76)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:389)

我已经添加了以下这些库：

• commons-logging-1.1.3
• spring-aop-4.0.0.M1
• spring-aspects-4.0.0.M1
• spring-beans-4.0.0.M1
• spring-context-4.0.0.M1
• spring-context-support-4.0.0.M1
• spring-core-4.0.0.M1
• antlr-runtime-3.0.1

我的代码：

package com.tutorialspoint;

public class HelloWorld {
    private String message;

    public void setMessage(String message){
        this.message  = message;
    }

    public void getMessage(){
        System.out.println("Your Message : " + message);
    }
}


package com.tutorialspoint;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MainApp {
    @SuppressWarnings("resource")
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml");

        HelloWorld obj = (HelloWorld) context.getBean("helloWorld");

        obj.getMessage();
    }
}

配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-
 3.0.xsd"
 >
    <bean id="helloWorld" class="com.tutorialspoint.HelloWorld">
        <property name="message" value="Hello World!" />
    </bean>
</beans>

- user2582163

---

尝试为实例添加模式位置。 - paary

类似的错误在这里，我认为这应该可以解决。http://stackoverflow.com/a/23987300/1572347 - Mhacom Kone

Answer 1

尽量不要将这些xml拆分成多行：

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-
 3.0.xsd"

通常，在XML属性值中的换行符和空格被视为字面值。请使用以下方式:

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"

- gerrytan

---

谢谢大家。我应该从哪里开始学习Spring框架呢？你们有什么适合初学者的书籍或网站推荐吗？抱歉，我的英语不是很好。 - user2582163

我推荐http://www.amazon.com/books/dp/0764574833，因为它是由Rod Johnson和Juergen Hoeller（Spring框架的创始人/领导者）编写的。 - gerrytan

Answer 2

我也遇到了同样的问题。 第一行开头不应该有任何空格。 例如： 这是一行

no space<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

- sandy

Answer 3

我遇到了相同的错误，纠正后发现Beans.xml应该以（第一行没有空行）开头。

- user5830233

Answer 4

请确保在?<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>之前的第一行中没有空格、空行或注释。

我的第一行中有一个注释，将其移到下面后问题得到解决。

- ivey221

Answer 5

只需通过Java构建路径添加spring-expression-3.x.x.RELEASE jar包即可。

- user3032242

---

这个没起作用，仍然会得到“main”线程中的异常org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException：来自类路径资源[applicationContext.xml]的XML文档中的第1行无效；嵌套异常是org.xml.sax.SAXParseException：不允许匹配“[xX] [mM] [lL]”的处理指令目标。 - Surya