这不是一个作业问题,我只是对区间算术的理解及练习2.16的含义感到不满意。
第2.14节定义的区间算术并不表现出正常算术的属性。两个等价的操作,(r1*r2)/(r1 + r2) 和 1/(1/r1 + 1/r2),给出不同的结果。该练习问为什么会这样,并且是否可能构建一个区间算术系统,使得这种情况不再存在。
该节讨论电子元件电阻误差的计算。我不确定在这些术语下,将区间相乘和相除意味着什么。将两个区间相乘的应用是什么?
是否可能构建一个没有这个例子中问题的区间算术系统?
http://mitpress.mit.edu/sicp/full-text/book/book-Z-H-14.html#%_sec_2.1.4
(define (make-interval a b)
(cons a b))
(define (make-center-width c w)
(make-interval (- c w) (+ c w)))
(define (make-center-percent c p)
(make-center-width c (* c (/ p 100.0))))
(define (lower-bound i)
(car i))
(define (upper-bound i)
(cdr i))
(define (center i)
(/ (+ (upper-bound i) (lower-bound i)) 2))
(define (width i)
(/ (- (upper-bound i) (lower-bound i)) 2))
(define (percent i)
(* 100.0 (/ (width i) (center i))))
(define (add-interval x y)
(make-interval (+ (lower-bound x) (lower-bound y))
(+ (upper-bound x) (upper-bound y))))
(define (sub-interval x y)
(make-interval (- (lower-bound x) (lower-bound y))
(- (upper-bound x) (upper-bound y))))
(define (mul-interval x y)
(let ((p1 (* (lower-bound x) (lower-bound y)))
(p2 (* (lower-bound x) (lower-bound y)))
(p3 (* (lower-bound x) (lower-bound y)))
(p4 (* (lower-bound x) (lower-bound y))))
(make-interval (min p1 p2 p3 p4)
(max p1 p2 p3 p4))))
(define (div-interval x y)
(if (= (width y ) 0)
(error "division by interval with width 0")
(mul-interval x
(make-interval (/ 1.0 (upper-bound y))
(/ 1.0 (lower-bound y))))))
(define (parl1 r1 r2)
(div-interval (mul-interval r1 r2)
(add-interval r1 r2)))
(define (parl2 r1 r2)
(let ((one (make-interval 1 1)))
(div-interval one
(add-interval (div-interval one r1)
(div-interval one r2))))
(define (r1 (make-interval 4.0 3.2)))
(define (r2 (make-interval 3.0 7.2)))
(center (parl1 r1 r2))
(width (parl1 r1 r2))
(newline)
(center (parl2 r1 r2))
(width (parl2 r1 r2))