如何在OSX上使用Waf连接OpenGL和GLUT？

Question

我正在尝试使用waf在osx上构建一个C++ opengl程序，但无法使其正常运行。

通常当我编译opengl程序时，我会在终端中使用以下命令：

g++ main.cpp -framework GLUT -framework OpenGL

我使用以下的wscript：

top = '.'
out = 'build'

def options(opt):
    opt.load('compiler_cxx')

def configure(conf):
    conf.load('compiler_cxx')
    # conf.env.append_value('LINKFLAGS', '-framework GLUT -framework OpenGL')

def build(bld):
    bld.program(
      source       = 'main.cpp', 
      target       = 'a',
      linkflags    = ["-framework GLUT", "-framework OpenGL"], 
  )

但是，在构建时我遇到了链接错误：

$ waf configure
Setting top to                           : /Users/tt/Documents/class/labs/Lab 3 fixed/src 
Setting out to                           : /Users/tt/Documents/class/labs/Lab 3 fixed/src/build 
Checking for 'g++' (c++ compiler)        : /usr/bin/g++ 
'configure' finished successfully (0.040s)
$ waf
Waf: Entering directory `/Users/tt/Documents/class/labs/Lab 3 fixed/src/build'
[2/2] cxxprogram: build/main.cpp.1.o -> build/a
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"_glViewport", referenced from:
  resize(int, int)in main.cpp.1.o
"_glMatrixMode", referenced from:
  resize(int, int)in main.cpp.1.o
  Camera::show()     in main.cpp.1.o
"_glLoadIdentity", referenced from:
  resize(int, int)in main.cpp.1.o
  Camera::show()     in main.cpp.1.o
"_gluPerspective", referenced from:
  resize(int, int)in main.cpp.1.o
"_glutPostRedisplay", referenced from:
  resize(int, int)in main.cpp.1.o
  idle()    in main.cpp.1.o
"_gluLookAt", referenced from:
  Camera::show()     in main.cpp.1.o
"_glRotatef", referenced from:
  Camera::show()     in main.cpp.1.o
"_glTranslatef", referenced from:
  Camera::show()     in main.cpp.1.o
"_glEnableClientState", referenced from:
  Mesh::render()     in main.cpp.1.o
"_glUseProgram", referenced from:
  Mesh::render()     in main.cpp.1.o
"_glGetAttribLocation", referenced from:
  Mesh::render()     in main.cpp.1.o
"_glEnableVertexAttribArray", referenced from:
  Mesh::render()     in main.cpp.1.o
"_glBindBuffer", referenced from:
  Mesh::render()     in main.cpp.1.o
  Mesh::Mesh(char*)in main.cpp.1.o
"_glVertexPointer", referenced from:
  Mesh::render()     in main.cpp.1.o
"_glVertexAttribPointer", referenced from:
  Mesh::render()     in main.cpp.1.o
"_glNormalPointer", referenced from:
  Mesh::render()     in main.cpp.1.o
"_glDrawElements", referenced from:
  Mesh::render()     in main.cpp.1.o
"_glDisableClientState", referenced from:
  Mesh::render()     in main.cpp.1.o
"_glEnable", referenced from:
  display()    in main.cpp.1.o
"_glClearColor", referenced from:
  display()    in main.cpp.1.o
"_glClear", referenced from:
  display()    in main.cpp.1.o
"_glutSwapBuffers", referenced from:
  display()    in main.cpp.1.o
"_glCreateProgram", referenced from:
  setupGLSL(char*)in main.cpp.1.o
"_glCreateShader", referenced from:
  setupGLSL(char*)in main.cpp.1.o
"_glShaderSource", referenced from:
  setupGLSL(char*)in main.cpp.1.o
"_glCompileShader", referenced from:
  setupGLSL(char*)in main.cpp.1.o
"_glGetShaderiv", referenced from:
  setupGLSL(char*)in main.cpp.1.o
"_glGetShaderInfoLog", referenced from:
  setupGLSL(char*)in main.cpp.1.o
"_glAttachShader", referenced from:
  setupGLSL(char*)in main.cpp.1.o
"_glLinkProgram", referenced from:
  setupGLSL(char*)in main.cpp.1.o
"_glGenBuffers", referenced from:
  Mesh::Mesh(char*)in main.cpp.1.o
"_glBufferData", referenced from:
  Mesh::Mesh(char*)in main.cpp.1.o
"_glutInit", referenced from:
  _main in main.cpp.1.o
"_glutInitDisplayMode", referenced from:
  _main in main.cpp.1.o
"_glutInitWindowSize", referenced from:
  _main in main.cpp.1.o
"_glutCreateWindow", referenced from:
  _main in main.cpp.1.o
"_glutDisplayFunc", referenced from:
  _main in main.cpp.1.o
"_glutIdleFunc", referenced from:
  _main in main.cpp.1.o
"_glutReshapeFunc", referenced from:
  _main in main.cpp.1.o
"_glutKeyboardFunc", referenced from:
  _main in main.cpp.1.o
"_glutKeyboardUpFunc", referenced from:
  _main in main.cpp.1.o
"_glutSpecialFunc", referenced from:
  _main in main.cpp.1.o
"_glutMouseFunc", referenced from:
  _main in main.cpp.1.o
"_glutMotionFunc", referenced from:
  _main in main.cpp.1.o
"_glutMainLoop", referenced from:
  _main in main.cpp.1.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
Waf: Leaving directory `/Users/n7down/Documents/class/spring 2013/5542 (Real Time Rendering)/labs/Lab 3 fixed/src/build'
Build failed
-> task in 'a' failed (exit status 1): 
{task 4537197904: cxxprogram main.cpp.1.o -> a}
['/usr/bin/g++', '-framework GLUT', '-framework OpenGL', 'main.cpp.1.o', '-o', '/Users/tt/Documents/class/labs/Lab 3 fixed/src/build/a']

有没有办法可以修复/解决这个问题？

- n7down

---

手动编译时是否可以通过编译？ - drahnr

当我在终端中使用 g++ main.cpp -framework GLUT -framework OpenGL 时，没有出现任何编译或链接错误。 - n7down

你使用的是哪个 WAF 版本？ - drahnr

Answer 1

你的问题似乎是直接使用LINKFLAGS并带上类似'-framework X'的参数。这会被Python错误地解释。请直接使用WAF提供的framework参数：

top = '.'
out = 'build'

def options(opt):
    opt.load('compiler_cxx')

def configure(conf):
    conf.load('compiler_cxx')

def build(bld):
    bld.program(
        source       = 'main.cpp', 
        target       = 'a',
        framework    = ["GLUT", "OpenGL"], 
    )

- neuro