如果您想在后续请求中访问存储的数据,那么您需要将其存储在某个地方。Django提供了几种方法来实现此目的:
1) 您可以使用 sessions 来存储查询结果:每个访问您站点的访客都会获得一个空的session对象,您可以将任何想要存储的内容存储在其中,它就像一个字典一样。缺点是:单个访客无法同时进行多个带有分页的搜索。
2) 使用cookies:如果您设置了一个保存在客户端的cookie,浏览器将在每次请求时将cookie的数据附加到请求中,您可以访问这些数据。与服务器比较友好的是,对于它们,您不需要在服务器上使用会话管理器,但在cookie中存储的数据对客户端可见(且可编辑)。缺点与前者相同。
3) 使用隐藏字段:您可以在搜索结果页面上添加一个带有一些隐藏字段的表单,并在其中存储查询内容。然后,客户端在提交表单时会重新发送查询。缺点是:您必须在页面上使用带有提交按钮的表单来进行分页(简单链接不起作用)。
4) 创建包含查询的链接:您可以使用GET而不是POST。例如,您可以创建像 "/search/hello+world/?order=votes"
这样的链接,以及像 "/search/hello+world/2/?order-votes"
这样的“分页链接”。然后,可以轻松地从URL中检索查询内容。缺点是:通过GET发送的数据量受到限制(但对于简单的搜索来说这应该不是问题)。
5) 使用组合方式:您可以将所有数据存储在会话或数据库中,并通过生成的键在URL中访问它们。 URL可能看起来像 "/search/029af239ccd23/2"
(用于第2页),您可以使用键来访问之前存储的大量数据。这消除了解决方案1和解决方案4的缺点。新的缺点是:需要更多工作 :)
6) 使用AJAX:使用AJAX,您可以将数据存储在客户端的一些js变量中,然后将其传递给其他请求。由于AJAX只会更新您的结果列表,因此变量不会丢失。
阅读了tux21b的非常好的答案后,我决定实现第一种选项,即使用会话存储查询。这是一个搜索房地产数据库的应用程序。以下是视图代码(使用django 1.5):
def main_search(request):
search_form = UserSearchForm()
return render(request, 'search/busca_inicial.html', {'search_form': search_form})
def result(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
search_form = UserSearchForm(request.POST)
if search_form.is_valid():
# Loads the values entered by the user on the form. The first and the second
# are MultiChoiceFields. The third and fourth are Integer fields
location_query_list = search_form.cleaned_data['location']
realty_type_query_list = search_form.cleaned_data['realty_type']
price_min = search_form.cleaned_data['price_min']
price_max = search_form.cleaned_data['price_max']
# Those ifs here populate the fields with convenient values if the user
# left them blank. Basically the idea is to populate them with values
# that correspond to the broadest search possible.
if location_query_list == []:
location_query_list = [l for l in range(483)]
if realty_type_query_list == []:
realty_type_query_list = [r for r in range(20)]
if price_min == None:
price_min = 0
if price_max == None:
price_max = 100000000
# Saving the search parameters on the session
request.session['location_query_list'] = location_query_list
request.session['price_min'] = price_min
request.session['price_max'] = price_max
request.session['realty_type_query_lyst'] = realty_type_query_list
# making a query outside the if method == POST. This logic makes the pagination possible.
# If the user has made a new search, the session values would be updated. If not,
# the session values will be from the former search. Of course, that is what we want because
# we want the 'next' and 'previous' pages correspond to the original search
realty_list_result = FctRealtyOffer.objects.filter(location__in=request.session['location_query_list']
).filter(price__range=(request.session['price_min'], request.session['price_max'])
).filter(realty_type__in=request.session['realty_type_query_lyst'])
# Here we pass the list to a table created using django-tables2 that handles sorting
# and pagination for us
table = FctRealtyOfferTable(realty_list_result)
# django-tables2 pagination configuration
RequestConfig(request, paginate={'per_page': 10}).configure(table)
return render(request, 'search/search_result.html', {'realty_list_size': len(realty_list_result),
'table': table})
希望能对您有所帮助!如果有任何改进建议,请随时提出。
像@rvnovaes所说的,使用session是解决此问题的一种方式。
他的解决方案的缺点是,如果有许多搜索字段,您必须编写许多代码行,而且如果在结果页面中显示搜索表单,则所有字段都将为空,而它们应该保留其值。
因此,我更愿意将所有帖子数据保存在会话中,并在视图开始时强制设置request.POST和request.method的值(如果定义了会话):
""" ... """
if not request.method == 'POST':
if 'search-persons-post' in request.session:
request.POST = request.session['search-persons-post']
request.method = 'POST'
if request.method == 'POST':
form = PersonForm(request.POST)
request.session['search-persons-post'] = request.POST
if form.is_valid():
id = form.cleaned_data['id']
""" ... """
更多信息 在此处
我在我的Web应用程序中使用了GET参数来完成这个功能。也许我可以帮助你:
Views.py
class HomeView(ListView):
model = Hotel
template_name = 'index.html'
paginate_by = 10 # if pagination is desired
def get_queryset(self):
qs = super().get_queryset()
kwargs = {}
if 'title' in self.request.GET:
title = self.request.GET.get('title')
if title != '':
kwargs['title__icontains'] = title
if 'category' in self.request.GET:
category = self.request.GET.get('category')
if category:
kwargs['category_id'] = category
if 'size' in self.request.GET:
size = self.request.GET.get('size')
if size:
kwargs['size_id'] = size
if 'service' in self.request.GET:
service = self.request.GET.get('service')
if service:
kwargs['service_id'] = service
if 'ownership' in self.request.GET:
ownership = self.request.GET.get('ownership')
if ownership:
kwargs['ownership_id'] = ownership
qs = qs.filter(**kwargs)
return qs
def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
form_init = {}
form = SearchForm()
if self.request.GET.items():
try:
parameters = self.request.GET.items()
except KeyError:
parameters = {}
for key, value in parameters:
for field in form.fields:
if key == field:
form_init[key] = value
form.initial = form_init
if 'title' in self.request.GET:
title = self.request.GET.get('title')
if title != '':
context.update({
'title': title
})
if 'category' in self.request.GET:
category = self.request.GET.get('category')
context.update({
'category': category
})
if 'size' in self.request.GET:
size = self.request.GET.get('size')
context.update({
'size': size
})
if 'service' in self.request.GET:
service = self.request.GET.get('service')
context.update({
'service': service
})
if 'ownership' in self.request.GET:
ownership = self.request.GET.get('ownership')
context.update({
'ownership': ownership
})
context.update({
'search_form': form
})
return context
分页文件html
<div class="row">
{% if is_paginated %}
<nav aria-label="...">
<ul class="pagination">
{% if page_obj.has_previous %}
<li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="?category={{category}}&size={{size}}&service={{service}}&ownership={{ownership}}&page={{ page_obj.previous_page_number }}">Previous</a></li>
{% else %}
<li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">Previous</span></li>
{% endif %}
<span class="page-current">
Page {{ page_obj.number }} of {{ page_obj.paginator.num_pages }}.
</span>
{% if page_obj.has_next %}
<li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="?category={{category}}&size={{size}}&service={{service}}&ownership={{ownership}}&page={{ page_obj.next_page_number }}">Next</a></li>
{% else %}
<li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">Next</span></li>
{% endif %}
</ul>
</nav>
{% endif %}
</div>
def search(request):
if not request.method == "POST" and 'page' in request.GET:
if 'search-query' in request.session:
request.POST = request.session['search-query']
request.method = 'POST'
if request.method == 'POST':
form = Search_form(request.POST)
request.session['search-query'] = request.POST
if form.is_valid():
search_query = form.cleaned_data.get('search_query')
search_parameter = form.cleaned_data.get('search_parameter')
print(search_query, search_parameter)
queryset_list = CompanyRecords.objects.filter(**{f'{search_parameter}__icontains': search_query}).exclude(
company_name__isnull=True).exclude(description__isnull=True).exclude(phones__isnull=True).exclude(
emails__isnull=True)[:5]
page = request.GET.get('page', 1)
paginator = Paginator(queryset_list, 2)
try:
queryset = paginator.page(page)
except PageNotAnInteger:
queryset = paginator.page(1)
except EmptyPage:
queryset = paginator.page(paginator.num_pages)
return render(request, 'search/search_results.html', {'queryset': queryset})
else:
context = {
'form': Search_form()
}
return render(request, 'search/search.html', context)
我的建议是使用会话或cookie存储POST请求。如果POST数据很敏感,您应该使用会话来存储它。下面的代码包含了我使用会话实现它的逻辑。
def index(request):
is_cookie_set = 0
# Check if the session has already been created. If created, get their values and store it.
if 'age' in request.session and 'sex' in request.session:
age = request.session['age']
sex = request.session['sex']
is_cookie_set = 1
else:
# Store the data in the session object which can be used later
request.session['age'] = age
request.session['sex'] = sex
if(request.method == 'POST'):
if(is_cookie_set == 0): # form submission by the user
form = EmployeeForm(request.POST)
sex = form.cleaned_data['sex']
age = form.cleaned_data['age']
if form.is_valid():
result = Employee.objects.all(sex=sex,age_gte=age) # filter all employees based on sex and age
else: # When the session has been created
result = Employee.objects.all(sex=sex,age_gte=age)
paginator = Paginator(result, 20) # Show 20 results per page
page = request.GET.get('page')
r = paginator.get_page(page)
response = render(request, 'app/result.html',{'result':result})
return response
else:
form = EmployeeForm()
return render(request,'app/home.html',{'form':form})
你还应该检查帖子字段是否为空,并根据情况改变逻辑。你也可以像@abidibo建议的那样将整个帖子请求存储在会话中。
你也可以使用cookies来实现相同的功能。我在这里解释了它。
request.is_ajax
。这样您就可以检测它是第一次POST请求还是有关下一页的进一步问题。在一个单一的Django模板上显示搜索表单和结果。最初,使用CSS隐藏结果显示区域。在提交表单后,您可以检查搜索是否返回任何结果,并使用CSS隐藏搜索表单(如果存在结果)。如果没有结果,则像以前一样使用CSS隐藏结果显示区域。在分页链接中,使用JavaScript提交表单,这可能只是简单地使用document.forms[0].submit(); return false;
您需要处理如何将页面编号传递给Django的分页引擎。