我在Linux下使用Python 2.6。 判断以下两个问题最快的方法：
确定包含给定目录或文件的分区是哪个？
例如，假设/dev/sda2挂载在/home上，/dev/mapper/foo挂载在/home/foo上。 我想从字符串"/home/foo/bar/baz"中恢复一对("/dev/mapper/foo", "home/foo")。
获取给定分区的使用统计信息？例如，针对/dev/mapper/foo，我想获得分区的大小和可用的剩余空间（以字节或大约以兆字节为单位）。
这段代码没有给出分区的名称，但是您可以直接使用statvfs Unix系统调用来获取文件系统统计信息。要从Python中调用它，请使用os.statvfs('/home/foo/bar/baz')。
根据POSIX标准，结果中的相关字段为according to POSIX:
unsigned long f_frsize Fundamental file system block size. fsblkcnt_t f_blocks Total number of blocks on file system in units of f_frsize. fsblkcnt_t f_bfree Total number of free blocks. fsblkcnt_t f_bavail Number of free blocks available to non-privileged process.
因此，为了理解这些值，请乘以f_frsize：
import os
statvfs = os.statvfs('/home/foo/bar/baz')
statvfs.f_frsize * statvfs.f_blocks # Size of filesystem in bytes
statvfs.f_frsize * statvfs.f_bfree # Actual number of free bytes
statvfs.f_frsize * statvfs.f_bavail # Number of free bytes that ordinary users
# are allowed to use (excl. reserved space)
自Python 3.3起，标准库提供了一种简单直接的方法来实现此操作：
$ cat free_space.py
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import shutil
total, used, free = shutil.disk_usage(__file__)
print(total, used, free)
$ ./free_space.py
1007870246912 460794834944 495854989312
这些数字以字节为单位。更多信息请参见文档。
如果你只需要设备上的可用空间，请参考下面使用os.statvfs()的答案。
如果你还需要文件所关联的设备名称和挂载点，你应该调用一个外部程序来获取这些信息。df 将提供你所需的所有信息--当作为df 文件名调用时，它将打印有关包含该文件的分区的一行信息。
举个例子：
import subprocess
df = subprocess.Popen(["df", "filename"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
output = df.communicate()[0]
device, size, used, available, percent, mountpoint = \
output.split("\n")[1].split()
df 输出的确切格式，但我不知道更加健壮的解决方案。(下面有几个依赖于/proc文件系统的解决方案，甚至比这个还不太可移植。)ValueError('need more than 5 values to unpack' 的错误，因为设备列和其他信息位于不同的行中。 - liuyiximport os
def get_mount_point(pathname):
"Get the mount point of the filesystem containing pathname"
pathname= os.path.normcase(os.path.realpath(pathname))
parent_device= path_device= os.stat(pathname).st_dev
while parent_device == path_device:
mount_point= pathname
pathname= os.path.dirname(pathname)
if pathname == mount_point: break
parent_device= os.stat(pathname).st_dev
return mount_point
def get_mounted_device(pathname):
"Get the device mounted at pathname"
# uses "/proc/mounts"
pathname= os.path.normcase(pathname) # might be unnecessary here
try:
with open("/proc/mounts", "r") as ifp:
for line in ifp:
fields= line.rstrip('\n').split()
# note that line above assumes that
# no mount points contain whitespace
if fields[1] == pathname:
return fields[0]
except EnvironmentError:
pass
return None # explicit
def get_fs_freespace(pathname):
"Get the free space of the filesystem containing pathname"
stat= os.statvfs(pathname)
# use f_bfree for superuser, or f_bavail if filesystem
# has reserved space for superuser
return stat.f_bfree*stat.f_bsize
我电脑上的一些示例路径名：
path 'trash':
mp /home /dev/sda4
free 6413754368
path 'smov':
mp /mnt/S /dev/sde
free 86761562112
path '/usr/local/lib':
mp / rootfs
free 2184364032
path '/proc/self/cmdline':
mp /proc proc
free 0
如果您使用的是Python ≥ 3.3，可以使用shutil.disk_usage(path)函数来获取命名元组的磁盘使用情况，其中以字节表示的(total, used, free)信息。
这应该能满足你的所有需求：
import os
from collections import namedtuple
disk_ntuple = namedtuple('partition', 'device mountpoint fstype')
usage_ntuple = namedtuple('usage', 'total used free percent')
def disk_partitions(all=False):
"""Return all mountd partitions as a nameduple.
If all == False return phyisical partitions only.
"""
phydevs = []
f = open("/proc/filesystems", "r")
for line in f:
if not line.startswith("nodev"):
phydevs.append(line.strip())
retlist = []
f = open('/etc/mtab', "r")
for line in f:
if not all and line.startswith('none'):
continue
fields = line.split()
device = fields[0]
mountpoint = fields[1]
fstype = fields[2]
if not all and fstype not in phydevs:
continue
if device == 'none':
device = ''
ntuple = disk_ntuple(device, mountpoint, fstype)
retlist.append(ntuple)
return retlist
def disk_usage(path):
"""Return disk usage associated with path."""
st = os.statvfs(path)
free = (st.f_bavail * st.f_frsize)
total = (st.f_blocks * st.f_frsize)
used = (st.f_blocks - st.f_bfree) * st.f_frsize
try:
percent = ret = (float(used) / total) * 100
except ZeroDivisionError:
percent = 0
# NB: the percentage is -5% than what shown by df due to
# reserved blocks that we are currently not considering:
# http://goo.gl/sWGbH
return usage_ntuple(total, used, free, round(percent, 1))
if __name__ == '__main__':
for part in disk_partitions():
print part
print " %s\n" % str(disk_usage(part.mountpoint))
在我的电脑上，上述代码输出：
giampaolo@ubuntu:~/dev$ python foo.py
partition(device='/dev/sda3', mountpoint='/', fstype='ext4')
usage(total=21378641920, used=4886749184, free=15405903872, percent=22.9)
partition(device='/dev/sda7', mountpoint='/home', fstype='ext4')
usage(total=30227386368, used=12137168896, free=16554737664, percent=40.2)
partition(device='/dev/sdb1', mountpoint='/media/1CA0-065B', fstype='vfat')
usage(total=7952400384, used=32768, free=7952367616, percent=0.0)
partition(device='/dev/sr0', mountpoint='/media/WB2PFRE_IT', fstype='iso9660')
usage(total=695730176, used=695730176, free=0, percent=100.0)
partition(device='/dev/sda6', mountpoint='/media/Dati', fstype='fuseblk')
usage(total=914217758720, used=614345637888, free=299872120832, percent=67.2)
all 是一个内置函数，不应该在函数中用作变量。 - Adam Matan找出它最简单的方法。
import os
from collections import namedtuple
DiskUsage = namedtuple('DiskUsage', 'total used free')
def disk_usage(path):
"""Return disk usage statistics about the given path.
Will return the namedtuple with attributes: 'total', 'used' and 'free',
which are the amount of total, used and free space, in bytes.
"""
st = os.statvfs(path)
free = st.f_bavail * st.f_frsize
total = st.f_blocks * st.f_frsize
used = (st.f_blocks - st.f_bfree) * st.f_frsize
return DiskUsage(total, used, free)
disk_usage(path) 函数可以轻松实现。给定路径，disk_usage() 函数返回一个命名元组，其中包括以字节表示的总空间、已使用空间和可用空间，以及使用百分比。
以下是文档中的简单示例：
>>> import psutil
>>> psutil.disk_usage('/')
sdiskusage(total=21378641920, used=4809781248, free=15482871808, percent=22.5)
Psutil适用于Python 2.6到3.6版本，以及Linux、Windows和OSX等其他平台。
os.path.realpath来获取规范路径，并将其与/etc/mtab进行比较（实际上我建议调用getmntent，但我找不到正常的访问方式）以查找最长匹配项。（为了确保，您应该可能要stat文件和假定的挂载点以验证它们实际上在同一设备上）os.statvfs来获取块大小和使用信息。import ctypes; ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary("libc.so.6").getmntent 的可能性，但这并不那么简单... - tzotimport os
def disk_stat(path):
disk = os.statvfs(path)
percent = (disk.f_blocks - disk.f_bfree) * 100 / (disk.f_blocks -disk.f_bfree + disk.f_bavail) + 1
return percent
print disk_stat('/')
print disk_stat('/data')
disk_stat方法不需要任何参数。但是，使用os.statvfs的想法很好。 - suripooriimport psutil
#File systems
value=psutil.disk_partitions()
for i in value:
va=i[1]
value2=psutil.disk_usage(va).percent
print(value2)
fs_space[va]=value2