如何在Python中轻松获取本地网络中IP地址或主机名的列表？
最好是跨平台的，但首先需要在Mac OS X上工作，然后再考虑其他平台。
编辑：我所指的本地网络是指所有活动的地址，例如192.168.xxx.xxx。
因此，如果我的计算机在本地网络中的IP地址是192.168.1.1，并且我还连接了另外三台计算机，我希望它返回IP地址192.168.1.2、192.168.1.3、192.168.1.4，以及它们可能的主机名。
Python中从本地网络获取IP地址/主机名列表
49
- joshhunt
11个回答
25
如果你所说的“本地”是指在同一个网络段内，那么你需要执行以下步骤：
- 确定你自己的 IP 地址。
- 确定你自己的子网掩码。
- 确定网络范围。
- 扫描所有地址（除了最低的网络地址和最高的广播地址）。
- 使用你的 DNS 反向解析来确定响应你扫描的 IP 地址的主机名。
- Steve Moyer
1
arp -a??? # 额外的空格以便识别注释 - Vishnoo Rath
13
如果您知道您的计算机名称，您可以使用：
import socket
IP1 = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname()) # local IP adress of your computer
IP2 = socket.gethostbyname('name_of_your_computer') # IP adress of remote computer
- Mapad
2
如何获取我的计算机名称 - Irfan Ghaffar7
socket.gethostname() 返回计算机的名称。 - Mapad
9
我从其他帖子中收集了以下功能，并且在Ubuntu中对我有效。
import os
import socket
import multiprocessing
import subprocess
def pinger(job_q, results_q):
"""
Do Ping
:param job_q:
:param results_q:
:return:
"""
DEVNULL = open(os.devnull, 'w')
while True:
ip = job_q.get()
if ip is None:
break
try:
subprocess.check_call(['ping', '-c1', ip],
stdout=DEVNULL)
results_q.put(ip)
except:
pass
def get_my_ip():
"""
Find my IP address
:return:
"""
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
s.connect(("8.8.8.8", 80))
ip = s.getsockname()[0]
s.close()
return ip
def map_network(pool_size=255):
"""
Maps the network
:param pool_size: amount of parallel ping processes
:return: list of valid ip addresses
"""
ip_list = list()
# get my IP and compose a base like 192.168.1.xxx
ip_parts = get_my_ip().split('.')
base_ip = ip_parts[0] + '.' + ip_parts[1] + '.' + ip_parts[2] + '.'
# prepare the jobs queue
jobs = multiprocessing.Queue()
results = multiprocessing.Queue()
pool = [multiprocessing.Process(target=pinger, args=(jobs, results)) for i in range(pool_size)]
for p in pool:
p.start()
# cue hte ping processes
for i in range(1, 255):
jobs.put(base_ip + '{0}'.format(i))
for p in pool:
jobs.put(None)
for p in pool:
p.join()
# collect he results
while not results.empty():
ip = results.get()
ip_list.append(ip)
return ip_list
if __name__ == '__main__':
print('Mapping...')
lst = map_network()
print(lst)
- Santi Peñate-Vera
5
在
pinger() 函数中，DEVNULL = open(os.devnull, 'w') 这一行的作用是什么呢？并且，难道你不应该在函数结束时关闭 os.devnull 以防止内存泄漏吗？ - ds_secret1devnull是控制台，用于重定向标准输出并像文件一样打印到它。 - Santi Peñate-Vera
映射...
[] #这是我得到的输出。我只得到了一个方框。有什么原因吗？ - Redgar Tech
1你在用Linux吗？上次我检查时，在Windows上这个功能没有按预期工作。 - Santi Peñate-Vera
这假设网络是一个/24子网掩码。 - joeyagreco
9
对于OSX（和Linux），一个简单的解决方案是使用os.popen或os.system并运行arp -a命令。
例如：
import os
devices = []
for device in os.popen('arp -a'): devices.append(device)
这将为您提供本地网络上设备的列表。
- trozzel
2
这个脚本只能捕获有线设备，无法捕获平板电脑、笔记本电脑和手机等无线设备。是否有其他解决方案可以同时捕获这些设备？ - user12217470
2这似乎正在检测我网络中的有线和无线设备 @tdelozie - joeyagreco
5
我发现了这篇用 Python 实现的网络扫描器文章，并写了这个简短的代码。它可以实现你想要的功能！但你需要知道你设备的可访问端口。22 端口是 ssh 的标准端口，我正在使用它。我想你可以遍历所有端口。一些默认的端口是：
linux: [20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 80, 111, 443, 445, 631, 993, 995]
windows: [135, 137, 138, 139, 445]
mac: [22, 445, 548, 631]
import socket
def connect(hostname, port):
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
socket.setdefaulttimeout(1)
result = sock.connect_ex((hostname, port))
sock.close()
return result == 0
for i in range(0,255):
res = connect("192.168.1."+str(i), 22)
if res:
print("Device found at: ", "192.168.1."+str(i) + ":"+str(22))
编辑 by TheLizzard:
使用上述代码，并添加线程：
from threading import Thread, Lock
from time import perf_counter
from sys import stderr
from time import sleep
import socket
# I changed this from "192.168.1.%i" to "192.168.0.%i"
BASE_IP = "192.168.0.%i"
PORT = 80
class Threader:
"""
This is a class that calls a list of functions in a limited number of
threads. It uses locks to make sure the data is thread safe.
Usage:
from time import sleep
def function(i):
sleep(2)
with threader.print_lock:
print(i)
threader = Threader(10) # The maximum number of threads = 10
for i in range(20):
threader.append(function, i)
threader.start()
threader.join()
This class also provides a lock called: `<Threader>.print_lock`
"""
def __init__(self, threads=30):
self.thread_lock = Lock()
self.functions_lock = Lock()
self.functions = []
self.threads = []
self.nthreads = threads
self.running = True
self.print_lock = Lock()
def stop(self) -> None:
# Signal all worker threads to stop
self.running = False
def append(self, function, *args) -> None:
# Add the function to a list of functions to be run
self.functions.append((function, args))
def start(self) -> None:
# Create a limited number of threads
for i in range(self.nthreads):
thread = Thread(target=self.worker, daemon=True)
# We need to pass in `thread` as a parameter so we
# have to use `<threading.Thread>._args` like this:
thread._args = (thread, )
self.threads.append(thread)
thread.start()
def join(self) -> None:
# Joins the threads one by one until all of them are done.
for thread in self.threads:
thread.join()
def worker(self, thread:Thread) -> None:
# While we are running and there are functions to call:
while self.running and (len(self.functions) > 0):
# Get a function
with self.functions_lock:
function, args = self.functions.pop(0)
# Call that function
function(*args)
# Remove the thread from the list of threads.
# This may cause issues if the user calls `<Threader>.join()`
# But I haven't seen this problem while testing/using it.
with self.thread_lock:
self.threads.remove(thread)
start = perf_counter()
# I didn't need a timeout of 1 so I used 0.1
socket.setdefaulttimeout(0.1)
def connect(hostname, port):
with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as sock:
result = sock.connect_ex((hostname, port))
with threader.print_lock:
if result == 0:
stderr.write(f"[{perf_counter() - start:.5f}] Found {hostname}\n")
threader = Threader(10)
for i in range(255):
threader.append(connect, BASE_IP%i, PORT)
threader.start()
threader.join()
print(f"[{perf_counter() - start:.5f}] Done searching")
input("Press enter to exit.\n? ")
- Grebtsew
2
1超级慢，我认为这不是一个可行的解决方案。 - Jamal Alkelani
2@dlammy 我知道我有点晚了，但我已经添加了线程。现在它可以在不到3秒的时间内扫描所有256个可能的IP地址。 - TheLizzard
3
尝试：
import socket
print ([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith("127.")][:1])
- user870774
1
1你能解释一下
socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname()) 中索引为1的数组吗？我无法弄清楚为什么它是空的。 - Param Siddharth0
我刚刚遇到了这个问题。我是这样解决的：
import kthread #pip install kthread
from time import sleep
import subprocess
def getips():
ipadressen = {}
def ping(ipadresse):
try:
outputcap = subprocess.run([f'ping', ipadresse, '-n', '1'], capture_output=True) #sends only one package, faster
ipadressen[ipadresse] = outputcap
except Exception as Fehler:
print(Fehler)
t = [kthread.KThread(target = ping, name = f"ipgetter{ipend}", args=(f'192.168.0.{ipend}',)) for ipend in range(255)] #prepares threads
[kk.start() for kk in t] #starts 255 threads
while len(ipadressen) < 255:
print('Searching network')
sleep(.3)
alldevices = []
for key, item in ipadressen.items():
if not 'unreachable' in item.stdout.decode('utf-8') and 'failure' not in item.stdout.decode('utf-8'): #checks if there wasn't neither general failure nor 'unrechable host'
alldevices.append(key)
return alldevices
allips = getips() #takes 1.5 seconds on my pc
- Hans
0
我已经编写了以下代码来获取已知MAC设备的IP地址。可以根据需要进行修改以通过一些字符串操作获得所有IP地址。希望这能对您有所帮助。
#running windows cmd line statement and put output into a string
cmd_out = os.popen("arp -a").read()
line_arr = cmd_out.split('\n')
line_count = len(line_arr)
#search in all lines for ip
for i in range(0, line_count):
y = line_arr[i]
z = y.find(mac_address)
#if mac address is found then get the ip using regex matching
if z > 0:
ip_out= re.search('[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+', y, re.M | re.I)
- shashika11
-1
这个问题的答案之一可能会对你有所帮助。似乎有一个适用于Python的跨平台版本，但我还没有尝试过。
- TheObserver
1
不，我不想要我的 IP 地址，我想要其他人的。就像 Steve Moyer 所说的那样，但是加上代码 :) - Josh Hunt
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