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需要帮助在VBA中使用POST方法发布多部分表单数据

vbapostweb
6

我正在尝试使用API更新在线数据库。

该API由一个法国站点托管，使用细节很少，没有示例。

这是他们提供的信息。

The query must be sent as a "multipart / form-data" html form using the "POST" method. 
Input parameters: 
ssid : (type "text") user's ScreenScraper identifier 
sspassword : (type "text") ScreenScraper password of the user 
gameid : (type "text") numerical identifier of the game on ScreenScraper 
or 
romid ( "text") numeric ID of the Roma on ScreenScraper 

to propose a textual info: 
modiftypeinfo ( "text") type of information sent (see list "modiftypeinfo") 
modifregion ( "text"





<html>
  <head>
  <META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> 
  <META http-equiv="content-language" content="fr"> 
  <title></title>
  </head> 
  <body> 
    <form name="myform" id="myform" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" action="https://www.screenscraper.fr/api/botProposition.php?ssid=xxx&sspassword=yyy"> 
      <input type="text" name="gameid" value="3"> 
      <input type="text" name="modiftypeinfo" value="description">
      <input type="text" name="modifregion" value="">   
      <input type="text" name="modiflangue" value="fr"> 
      <input type="text" name="modifversion" value=""> 
      <input type="text" name="modiftexte" value="ici, le synopsis du jeu ! ne pas valider, c'est un test ;)"> 
      <input type="text" name="modifsource" value="botProposition / source de l'info">
      <input type="submit" value="envoyer"> 
    </form>

  <script> 
    document.getElementById("myform").submit();
    </script>

  </body>
</html>

这是我编写的代码：
Sub Post_Detail()

    Dim xmlhttp As Object, response As String, SendString As String

    Set xmlhttp = CreateObject("MSXML2.XMLHTTP.6.0")

    '~~> Indicates that page that will receive the request and the type of request being submitted
    xmlhttp.Open "POST", "https://www.screenscraper.fr/api/botProposition.php?ssid=xxx&sspassword=yyy", False

    '~~> Indicate that the body of the request contains form data
    xmlhttp.setRequestHeader "Content-Type", "text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    xmlhttp.setRequestHeader "enctype", "multipart/form-data"

    '~~> Send the data as name/value pairs
    SendString = "&type=text&name=gameid&value=185882"
    SendString = SendString & "&type=text&name=modiftypeinfo&value=genres"
    SendString = SendString & "&type=text&name=modiftexte&value=Sports"
    SendString = SendString & "&type=submit&value=envoyer"
    Debug.Print SendString
    xmlhttp.send SendString

    response = xmlhttp.responseText
    MsgBox response

    Set xmlhttp = Nothing

End Sub

我不确定该怎么处理这个部分：form name="myform" id="myform" 的指令，也不确定我的通过构建字符串的请求是否正确。

如果没有登录，你将无法运行，它会返回密码无效的错误。

HTML表单的名称和ID不会随着提交一起发送，因此您可以将它们省略。 您唯一需要的是输入的名称和值（因此也可以省略"type = text"）。 如果您有包含该表单的页面，则可以使用（例如）Fiddler或浏览器的开发人员工具来查看提交表单时发送了什么。 - Tim Williams
2个回答
10

multipart/form-data的结构详见RFC7578。这里有一个示例：

POST /form.html HTTP/1.1
Host: server.com
Referer: http://server.com/form.html
User-Agent: Mozilla
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=-------------573cf973d5228
Content-Length: 288
Connection: keep-alive
Keep-Alive: 300


---------------573cf973d5228
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="field"

text
---------------573cf973d5228
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="sample.txt"
Content-Type: text/plain

Content file
---------------573cf973d5228--

尝试以下代码以进行POST XHR：

Sub POST_multipart_form_data()
    
    Dim oFields As Object
    Dim sBoundary As String
    Dim sPayLoad As String
    Dim sName As Variant
    
    Set oFields = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
    With oFields
        .Add "gameid", "3"
        .Add "modiftypeinfo", "description"
        .Add "modifregion", ""
        .Add "modiflangue", "fr"
        .Add "modifversion", ""
        .Add "modiftexte", "ici, le synopsis du jeu ! ne pas valider, c'est un test ;)"
        .Add "modifsource", "botProposition / source de l'info"
    End With
    sBoundary = String(6, "-") & Replace(Mid(CreateObject("Scriptlet.TypeLib").GUID, 2, 36), "-", "")
    sPayLoad = ""
    For Each sName In oFields
        sPayLoad = sPayLoad & "--" & sBoundary & vbCrLf
        sPayLoad = sPayLoad & "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=""" & sName & """" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf
        sPayLoad = sPayLoad & oFields(sName) & vbCrLf
    Next
    sPayLoad = sPayLoad & "--" & sBoundary & "--"
    With CreateObject("MSXML2.XMLHTTP")
        .Open "POST", "https://www.screenscraper.fr/api/botProposition.php?ssid=xxx&sspassword=yyy", False
        .setRequestHeader "Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=" & sBoundary
        .setRequestHeader "Content-Length", LenB(sPayLoad)
        .send (sPayLoad)
        MsgBox .responseText ' Erreur de login : Verifier vos identifiants !
    End With
    
End Sub

因此，由代码生成的有效负载数据如下：

--------CFE02291483D4B3EB3B1A92257838D94
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="gameid"

3
--------CFE02291483D4B3EB3B1A92257838D94
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="modiftypeinfo"

description
--------CFE02291483D4B3EB3B1A92257838D94
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="modifregion"


--------CFE02291483D4B3EB3B1A92257838D94
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="modiflangue"

fr
--------CFE02291483D4B3EB3B1A92257838D94
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="modifversion"


--------CFE02291483D4B3EB3B1A92257838D94
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="modiftexte"

ici, le synopsis du jeu ! ne pas valider, c'est un test ;)
--------CFE02291483D4B3EB3B1A92257838D94
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="modifsource"

botProposition / source de l'info
--------CFE02291483D4B3EB3B1A92257838D94--

请注意，每个部分的可选“Content-Type”头字段默认为“text/plain”。如您在注释中所见，响应中出现了登录错误：

Erreur de login : Verifier vos identifiants !

我唯一不明白的是，为什么他们将提交指定为“multipart/form-data”？即使没有附件！使用以下代码将数据作为“application/x-www-form-urlencoded”发送会更容易：

Sub POST_application_x_www_form_urlencoded()
    
    Dim oFields As Object
    Dim sPayLoad As String
    Dim sName As Variant
    
    Set oFields = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
    With oFields
        .Add "gameid", "3"
        .Add "modiftypeinfo", "description"
        .Add "modifregion", ""
        .Add "modiflangue", "fr"
        .Add "modifversion", ""
        .Add "modiftexte", "ici, le synopsis du jeu ! ne pas valider, c'est un test ;)"
        .Add "modifsource", "botProposition / source de l'info"
    End With
    For Each sName In oFields
        oFields(sName) = sName & "=" & EncodeUriComponent(oFields(sName))
    Next
    sPayLoad = Join(oFields.Items(), "&")
    With CreateObject("MSXML2.XMLHTTP")
        .Open "POST", "https://www.screenscraper.fr/api/botProposition.php?ssid=xxx&sspassword=yyy", False
        .setRequestHeader "Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
        .setRequestHeader "Content-Length", LenB(sPayLoad)
        .send (sPayLoad)
        MsgBox .responseText ' Erreur de login : Verifier vos identifiants !
    End With
    
End Sub

Function EncodeUriComponent(sText As String) As String
    Static oHtmlfile As Object
        
    If oHtmlfile Is Nothing Then
        Set oHtmlfile = CreateObject("htmlfile")
        oHtmlfile.parentWindow.execScript "function encode(s) {return encodeURIComponent(s)}", "jscript"
    End If
    EncodeUriComponent = oHtmlfile.parentWindow.encode(sText)
End Function

代码生成的有效载荷数据如下：

gameid=3&modiftypeinfo=description&modifregion=&modiflangue=fr&modifversion=&modiftexte=ici%2C%20le%20synopsis%20du%20jeu%20!%20ne%20pas%20valider%2C%20c'est%20un%20test%20%3B)&modifsource=botProposition%20%2F%20source%20de%20l'info

对我来说，错误响应与第一种方法相同。

天啊，我已经放弃了，非常感谢你，现在多部分表单数据可以工作了。它是多部分的原因是如果需要上传艺术品文件，你可以一起提交。 - Dan Donoghue
1
未测试：
Sub Post_Detail()

    Dim xmlhttp As Object, response As String, SendString As String

    Set xmlhttp = CreateObject("MSXML2.XMLHTTP.6.0")

    '~~> Indicates that page that will receive the request and the type of request being submitted
    xmlhttp.Open "POST", "https://www.screenscraper.fr/api/botProposition.php?ssid=xxx&sspassword=yyy", False

    '~~> Indicate that the body of the request contains form data
    xmlhttp.setRequestHeader "enctype", "multipart/form-data"

    '~~> Send the data as name/value pairs
    SendString = "gameid=185882" & _
                "&modiftypeinfo=genres" & _
                "&modiftexte=Sports"

    Debug.Print SendString
    xmlhttp.send SendString

    response = xmlhttp.responseText
    MsgBox response

    Set xmlhttp = Nothing

End Sub

如果提交按钮没有name属性，我认为它不会包含在POST中。
谢谢Tim，出现了同样的问题。现在调试输出是gameid=185882&modiftypeinfo=genres&modiftexte=Sports。不幸的是，当有错误时返回的字符串并不是一个错误，而只是空白，这真的让分析变得很困难。 - Dan Donoghue
1
如果你在执行 POST 请求时运行 Fiddler，它可能会给你一些关于发生了什么的线索。 - Tim Williams
我运行了Fiddler，但在运行代码时没有返回任何结果。我只能假设某些东西阻止了Fiddler在我的工作机器上捕获HTTPS。等我回家后再试一次。 - Dan Donoghue
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