如何使用PHP检测网络爬虫/蜘蛛？
我目前正在开发一个项目，需要跟踪每个网络爬虫的访问。
我知道应该使用HTTP_USER_AGENT，但我不确定如何为此目的格式化代码，而且我知道用户代理可以很容易地更改，因此我还想知道是否有可能添加一些参数以避免欺骗？
以下是我尝试做的示例代码。
<?php
$user_agent = $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];
if (strpos( $user_agent, 'Google') !== false)
{
echo "Googlebot is here";
}
?>
function validateGoogleBotIP($ip) {
$hostname = gethostbyaddr($ip); //"crawl-66-249-66-1.googlebot.com"
return preg_match('/\.google(bot)?\.com$/i', $hostname);
}
if (strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], 'Google') !== false) {
if (validateGoogleBotIP($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'])) {
echo 'It is ACTUALLY google';
} else {
echo 'Someone\'s faking it!';
}
} else {
echo 'Nothing to do with Google';
}
我的网站上的功能百分之百有效，可以检测机器人、爬虫、蜘蛛和复制者。
function isBotDetected() {
if ( !empty($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']) and preg_match('/abacho|accona|AddThis|AdsBot|ahoy|AhrefsBot|AISearchBot|alexa|altavista|anthill|appie|applebot|arale|araneo|AraybOt|ariadne|arks|aspseek|ATN_Worldwide|Atomz|baiduspider|baidu|bbot|bingbot|bing|Bjaaland|BlackWidow|BotLink|bot|boxseabot|bspider|calif|CCBot|ChinaClaw|christcrawler|CMC\/0\.01|combine|confuzzledbot|contaxe|CoolBot|cosmos|crawler|crawlpaper|crawl|curl|cusco|cyberspyder|cydralspider|dataprovider|digger|DIIbot|DotBot|downloadexpress|DragonBot|DuckDuckBot|dwcp|EasouSpider|ebiness|ecollector|elfinbot|esculapio|ESI|esther|eStyle|Ezooms|facebookexternalhit|facebook|facebot|fastcrawler|FatBot|FDSE|FELIX IDE|fetch|fido|find|Firefly|fouineur|Freecrawl|froogle|gammaSpider|gazz|gcreep|geona|Getterrobo-Plus|get|girafabot|golem|googlebot|\-google|grabber|GrabNet|griffon|Gromit|gulliver|gulper|hambot|havIndex|hotwired|htdig|HTTrack|ia_archiver|iajabot|IDBot|Informant|InfoSeek|InfoSpiders|INGRID\/0\.1|inktomi|inspectorwww|Internet Cruiser Robot|irobot|Iron33|JBot|jcrawler|Jeeves|jobo|KDD\-Explorer|KIT\-Fireball|ko_yappo_robot|label\-grabber|larbin|legs|libwww-perl|linkedin|Linkidator|linkwalker|Lockon|logo_gif_crawler|Lycos|m2e|majesticsEO|marvin|mattie|mediafox|mediapartners|MerzScope|MindCrawler|MJ12bot|mod_pagespeed|moget|Motor|msnbot|muncher|muninn|MuscatFerret|MwdSearch|NationalDirectory|naverbot|NEC\-MeshExplorer|NetcraftSurveyAgent|NetScoop|NetSeer|newscan\-online|nil|none|Nutch|ObjectsSearch|Occam|openstat.ru\/Bot|packrat|pageboy|ParaSite|patric|pegasus|perlcrawler|phpdig|piltdownman|Pimptrain|pingdom|pinterest|pjspider|PlumtreeWebAccessor|PortalBSpider|psbot|rambler|Raven|RHCS|RixBot|roadrunner|Robbie|robi|RoboCrawl|robofox|Scooter|Scrubby|Search\-AU|searchprocess|search|SemrushBot|Senrigan|seznambot|Shagseeker|sharp\-info\-agent|sift|SimBot|Site Valet|SiteSucker|skymob|SLCrawler\/2\.0|slurp|snooper|solbot|speedy|spider_monkey|SpiderBot\/1\.0|spiderline|spider|suke|tach_bw|TechBOT|TechnoratiSnoop|templeton|teoma|titin|topiclink|twitterbot|twitter|UdmSearch|Ukonline|UnwindFetchor|URL_Spider_SQL|urlck|urlresolver|Valkyrie libwww\-perl|verticrawl|Victoria|void\-bot|Voyager|VWbot_K|wapspider|WebBandit\/1\.0|webcatcher|WebCopier|WebFindBot|WebLeacher|WebMechanic|WebMoose|webquest|webreaper|webspider|webs|WebWalker|WebZip|wget|whowhere|winona|wlm|WOLP|woriobot|WWWC|XGET|xing|yahoo|YandexBot|YandexMobileBot|yandex|yeti|Zeus/i', $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'])
) {
return true; // 'Above given bots detected'
}
return false;
} // End :: isBotDetected()
要正确验证访问者是否来自搜索引擎，您需要更多的内容，而不仅仅是检查易于欺骗的用户代理。
正确的方法是查找IP的主机名，并快速检查它是否与我们知道的搜索引擎爬虫使用的任何主机名匹配。
如果主机名与已知爬虫之一匹配，则查找主机名的IP并查看两者是否匹配。 如果其中一个步骤失败，则表示有虚假的搜索引擎爬虫正在访问。
以下函数接受IP并遵循先前提到的步骤。 它识别百度，必应，谷歌，雅虎和Yandex。
/**
* Validate a crawlers IP against the hostname
* Warning - str_ends_with() requires PHP 8
*
* @param mixed $ip
* @return boolean
*/
function validate_crawler_ip( $testip ) {
$hostname = strtolower( gethostbyaddr( $testip ) );
$valid_host_names = array(
'.crawl.baidu.com',
'.crawl.baidu.jp',
'.google.com',
'.googlebot.com',
'.crawl.yahoo.net',
'.yandex.ru',
'.yandex.net',
'.yandex.com',
'.search.msn.com',
);
$valid_ip = false;
foreach ( $valid_host_names as $valid_host ) {
// Using string_ends_with() to make sure the match is in the -end- of the hostname (to prevent fake matches)
if ( str_ends_with( $hostname, $valid_host ) ) { // PHP 8 function
$returned_ip = gethostbyname( $hostname );
if ( $returned_ip === $testip ) {
// The looked up IP from the host matches the incoming IP - we have validated!
return true;
}
}
}
// No match - not valid crawler
return false;
}