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在WebBrowser中的文档中从JavaScript调用C#代码

c#.netjavascript
40

我有一个使用C# WinForms应用程序，其中包含WebBrowser控件。我想在C#窗体和嵌入式Web浏览器控件中的JavaScript之间实现双向通信。

我知道可以使用InvokeScript来调用JavaScript函数，但如何从JavaScript中在文档中调用C#代码呢？由于安全性问题，这可能并不容易，但有没有可能以某种方式实现呢？ 这些JavaScript函数被认为是用户函数，非常类似于宏，可以借助我自己编写的整个C#库告诉WebBrowser确切地要执行什么操作。由于这是一个Web爬虫，JavaScript是这些宏的完美语言，因为它基本上是用来访问HTML文档中的元素的。

为什么我在这个问题上得了负分？ - Juan
你是在询问如何从客户端代码调用服务器端方法吗？你需要使用 AJAX 调用才能实现。具体而言，你想要实现什么？ - David
我正在制作一个网络爬虫，希望能够从HTML文档中的JavaScript读取计算机中的文件。实际上，我想在程序中调用一堆方法（包括WebBrowser和Document），但是假设我只想读取一个文件。 - Juan
@jsoldi：请原谅我，但听起来你可能过度工程化了。为什么需要从本地机器读取HTML文件？难道你不能通过表单提供HTML文件（上传或将其复制/粘贴到文本框中）以简单的方式完成吗？ - David
1
我澄清了问题，希望没有人再认为你正在尝试与Web服务器上的C#代码进行通信。 - Gabe
显示剩余5条评论
3个回答
54
你需要做的是在Web浏览器控件上设置ObjectForScripting属性为一个包含你想要从JavaScript调用的C#方法的对象。然后，你可以使用window.external从JavaScript访问该对象。需要注意的是，该对象必须具有[ComVisibleAttribute(true)]属性。我已经成功地使用了这个方法好几年了。
这里有一个文档页面和一个简单的示例：http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/a0746166.aspx 这是链接中的示例代码（我没有尝试过）：
using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Security.Permissions;

[PermissionSet(SecurityAction.Demand, Name="FullTrust")]
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisibleAttribute(true)]
public class Form1 : Form
{
    private WebBrowser webBrowser1 = new WebBrowser();
    private Button button1 = new Button();

    [STAThread]
    public static void Main()
    {
        Application.EnableVisualStyles();
        Application.Run(new Form1());
    }

    public Form1()
    {
        button1.Text = "call script code from client code";
        button1.Dock = DockStyle.Top;
        button1.Click += new EventHandler(button1_Click);
        webBrowser1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
        Controls.Add(webBrowser1);
        Controls.Add(button1);
        Load += new EventHandler(Form1_Load);
    }

    private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        webBrowser1.AllowWebBrowserDrop = false;
        webBrowser1.IsWebBrowserContextMenuEnabled = false;
        webBrowser1.WebBrowserShortcutsEnabled = false;
        webBrowser1.ObjectForScripting = this;
        // Uncomment the following line when you are finished debugging.
        //webBrowser1.ScriptErrorsSuppressed = true;

        webBrowser1.DocumentText =
            "<html><head><script>" +
            "function test(message) { alert(message); }" +
            "</script></head><body><button " +
            "onclick=\"window.external.Test('called from script code')\">" +
            "call client code from script code</button>" +
            "</body></html>";
    }

    public void Test(String message)
    {
        MessageBox.Show(message, "client code");
    }

    private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        webBrowser1.Document.InvokeScript("test",
            new String[] { "called from client code" });
    }
}
顺便说一句，我还使用了这种方法在嵌入式 Web 控件中的 Silverlight 代码和托管它的 C# 表单之间进行通信。 - Gabe
4
你还应该注意那些在JavaScript中声明为public的C#方法被调用。 - Dmitrii Lobanov
你不应该使用Form对象或任何其他已存在的对象，而是应该使用专门设计用于此工作的对象，否则你可能会无意中允许JavaScript在对象上执行其他方法。 - NineBerry
@NineBerry：是的，那是个好点子。你需要一个专门用于生产代码的类。 - Gabe
5
1
那篇文章远非优秀。例如，我真的很想知道我是否可以将一个值返回到JavaScript代码中，但这一点也不清楚。 - Greg Ball
2

这里有几个扩展方法，我编写它们来帮助WebBrowser对象和C＃代码之间的双向通信/调用：

using System;
using System.Threading;
using FluentSharp.Web35;
using FluentSharp.WinForms;
using FluentSharp.CoreLib;
using FluentSharp.CoreLib.API;

namespace FluentSharp.Watin
{
    public static class WatiN_IE_ExtensionMethods_Javascript
    {

        public static object invokeScript(this WatiN_IE ie, string functionName)
        {
            return ie.invokeScript(functionName, null);
        }

        public static object invokeScript(this WatiN_IE ie, string functionName, params object[] parameters)
        {
            //"[WatiN_IE] invokeScript '{0}' with parameters:{1}".info(functionName ,parameters.size());
            return ie.invokeScript(true, functionName, parameters);
        }   

        public static object invokeScript(this WatiN_IE ie, bool waitForExecutionComplete, string functionName, params object[] parameters)
        {
            var sync = new AutoResetEvent(false);
            object responseValue = null;
            ie.WebBrowser.invokeOnThread(
                ()=>{
                        var document = ie.WebBrowser.Document;
                        if (parameters.isNull())
                            responseValue = document.InvokeScript(functionName); 
                        else
                            responseValue = document.InvokeScript(functionName, parameters); 
                        sync.Set(); 
                });
            if (waitForExecutionComplete)
                sync.WaitOne();
            return responseValue;   
        }

        public static object invokeEval(this WatiN_IE ie, string evalScript)
        {
            var evalParam = "(function() { " + evalScript + "})();";
            //"[WatiN_IE] invokeEval evalParam: {0}".debug(evalParam);
            return ie.invokeScript("eval", evalParam);   
        }
        public static WatiN_IE.ToCSharp injectJavascriptFunctions(this WatiN_IE ie)
        {
            return ie.injectJavascriptFunctions(false);
        }

        public static WatiN_IE.ToCSharp injectJavascriptFunctions(this WatiN_IE ie, bool resetHooks)
        {
            if (ie.WebBrowser.isNull())
                "in InjectJavascriptFunctions, ie.WebBrowser was null".error();
            else
            {
                if (ie.WebBrowser.ObjectForScripting.isNull() || resetHooks)  
                {
                    ie.WebBrowser.ObjectForScripting = new WatiN_IE.ToCSharp();

                    "Injecting Javascript Hooks * Functions for page: {0}".debug(ie.url());
                    ie.eval("var o2Log = function(message) { window.external.write(message) };");
                    ie.invokeScript("o2Log","Test from Javascript (via toCSharp(message) )");
                    ie.eval("$o2 = window.external");
                    "Injection complete (use o2Log(...) or $o2.write(...)  to talk back to O2".info();
                    return (ie.WebBrowser.ObjectForScripting as WatiN_IE.ToCSharp);
                }
                else 
                {
                    if((ie.WebBrowser.ObjectForScripting is WatiN_IE.ToCSharp))
                        return (ie.WebBrowser.ObjectForScripting as WatiN_IE.ToCSharp);
                    else
                        "in WatiN_IE injectJavascriptFunctions, unexpected type in ie.WebBrowser.ObjectForScripting: {0}".error(ie.WebBrowser.ObjectForScripting.typeName());                   
                }

            }
            return null;
        }

        public static object downloadAndExecJavascriptFile(this WatiN_IE ie, string url)
        {
            "[WatiN_IE] downloadAndExecJavascriptFile: {0}".info(url);
            var javascriptCode = url.uri().getHtml();
            if (javascriptCode.valid())
                ie.eval(javascriptCode);
            return ie;
        }

        public static WatiN_IE injectJavascriptFunctions_onNavigate(this WatiN_IE ie)
        {

            ie.onNavigate((url)=> ie.injectJavascriptFunctions());
            return ie;
        }

        public static WatiN_IE setOnAjaxLog(this WatiN_IE ie, Action<string, string,string,string> onAjaxLog)
        {
            (ie.WebBrowser.ObjectForScripting as WatiN_IE.ToCSharp).OnAjaxLog = onAjaxLog;
            return ie;
        }

        public static WatiN_IE eval_ASync(this WatiN_IE ie, string script)
        {
            O2Thread.mtaThread(()=> ie.eval(script));
            return ie;
        }

        public static WatiN_IE eval(this WatiN_IE ie, string script)
        {
            return ie.eval(script, true);
        }

        public static WatiN_IE eval(this WatiN_IE ie, string script, bool waitForExecutionComplete)
        {
            var executionThread = O2Thread.staThread(()=> ie.IE.RunScript(script));         
            if (waitForExecutionComplete)
                executionThread.Join();
            return ie;  
        }

        public static WatiN_IE alert(this WatiN_IE ie, string alertScript)
        {
            return ie.eval("alert({0});".format(alertScript));
        }

        public static object getJsObject(this WatiN_IE ie)
        {
            var toCSharpProxy = ie.injectJavascriptFunctions();
            if (toCSharpProxy.notNull())
                return toCSharpProxy.getJsObject();
            return null;        
        }

        public static T getJsObject<T>(this WatiN_IE ie, string jsCommand)
        {
            var jsObject = ie.getJsObject(jsCommand);
            if (jsObject is T)
                return (T)jsObject;
            return default(T);
        }

        public static bool doesJsObjectExists(this WatiN_IE ie, string jsCommand)
        {
            var toCSharpProxy = ie.injectJavascriptFunctions();
            if (toCSharpProxy.notNull())
            {
                var command = "window.external.setJsObject(typeof({0}))".format(jsCommand);
                ie.invokeEval(command);
                ie.remapInternalJsObject();             
                return toCSharpProxy.getJsObject().str()!="undefined";
            }
            return false;
        }

        public static object getJsVariable(this WatiN_IE ie, string jsCommand)
        {
            return ie.getJsObject(jsCommand);
        }

        public static object getJsObject(this WatiN_IE ie, string jsCommand)
        {
            var toCSharpProxy = ie.injectJavascriptFunctions();
            if (toCSharpProxy.notNull())
            {
                var command = "window.external.setJsObject({0})".format(jsCommand);
                ie.invokeEval(command);
                ie.remapInternalJsObject();             
                return toCSharpProxy.getJsObject();
            }
            return null;
        }               

        public static WatiN_IE remapInternalJsObject(this WatiN_IE ie)
        {       
            //"setting JS _jsObject variable to getJsObject()".info();
            ie.invokeEval("_jsObject = window.external.getJsObject()"); // creates JS variable to be used from JS
            return ie;
        }

        public static WatiN_IE setJsObject(this WatiN_IE ie, object jsObject)
        {
            var toCSharpProxy = ie.injectJavascriptFunctions();
            if (toCSharpProxy.notNull())            
            {
                toCSharpProxy.setJsObject(jsObject);
                ie.remapInternalJsObject();
            }
            return ie;
        }

        public static object waitForJsObject(this WatiN_IE watinIe)
        {
            return watinIe.waitForJsObject(500, 20);
        }

        public static object waitForJsObject(this WatiN_IE watinIe, int sleepMiliseconds, int maxSleepTimes)
        {                   
            "[WatiN_IE][waitForJsObject] trying to find jsObject for {0} x {1} ms".info(maxSleepTimes, sleepMiliseconds);
            watinIe.setJsObject(null);
            for(var i = 0; i < maxSleepTimes ; i++)
            {
                var jsObject = watinIe.getJsObject();
                if(jsObject.notNull())
                {
                    "[watinIe][waitForJsObject] got value: {0} (n tries)".info(jsObject, i);
                    return jsObject;
                }

                watinIe.sleep(500, false);
            }
            "[WatiN_IE][waitForJsObject] didn't find jsObject after {0} sleeps of {1} ms".error(maxSleepTimes, sleepMiliseconds);
            return null;
        }

        public static object waitForJsVariable(this WatiN_IE watinIe, string jsCommand)
        {
            return watinIe.waitForJsVariable(jsCommand,  500, WatiN_IE_ExtensionMethods.WAITFORJSVARIABLE_MAXSLEEPTIMES);
        }

        public static object waitForJsVariable(this WatiN_IE watinIe, string jsCommand, int sleepMiliseconds, int maxSleepTimes)
        {   
            "[WatiN_IE][waitForJsVariable] trying to find jsObject called '{0}' for {1} x {2} ms".info(jsCommand, maxSleepTimes, sleepMiliseconds);         
            watinIe.setJsObject(null);
            for(var i = 0; i < maxSleepTimes ; i++)
            {
                if (watinIe.doesJsObjectExists(jsCommand))
                {
                    var jsObject = watinIe.getJsObject(jsCommand);
                    "[watinIe][waitForJsVariable] got value: {0} ({1} tries)".info(jsObject, i);
                    return jsObject;
                }                   
                watinIe.sleep(500, false);
            }
            "[WatiN_IE][waitForJsVariable] didn't find jsObject called '{0}' after {1} sleeps of {2} ms".error(jsCommand, maxSleepTimes, sleepMiliseconds);
            return null;
        }

        public static WatiN_IE deleteJsVariable(this WatiN_IE watinIe, string jsVariable)
        {
            var evalString = "try { delete " + jsVariable + " } catch(exception) { }";
            watinIe.eval(evalString);
            return watinIe;
        }


    }
}
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