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无法让私有的最终 java.util.Comparator java.util.TreeMap.comparator 字段可访问：java.base 没有向未命名模块“opens java.util”。

javaselenium-webdrivercucumberbdd
26
我已经创建了一个Cucumber的feature文件和steps文件，然后我点击了“Run configurations”来运行feature文件，但是在控制台上看到了以下内容。我该如何解决这个问题？
*Feature: Login into account
  Existing user should be able to login to account using correct credentials
  
Scenario: Login into account with correct credentials     # C:/Users/MI/Desktop/CucumberFramework/CucumberFramework/src/test/java/CucumberFramework/featureFiles/Login.feature:4
    
Given User navigates to stackoverflow website           # LoginSteps.user_navigates_to_stackoverflow_website()
      java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
        at cucumber.deps.com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream.setupConverters(XStream.java:820)
        at cucumber.deps.com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream.<init>(XStream.java:574)
        at cucumber.deps.com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream.<init>(XStream.java:530)
        at cucumber.runtime.xstream.LocalizedXStreams$LocalizedXStream.<init>(LocalizedXStreams.java:50)
        at cucumber.runtime.xstream.LocalizedXStreams.newXStream(LocalizedXStreams.java:37)
        at cucumber.runtime.xstream.LocalizedXStreams.get(LocalizedXStreams.java:29)
        at cucumber.runtime.StepDefinitionMatch.runStep(StepDefinitionMatch.java:37)
        at cucumber.runtime.Runtime.runStep(Runtime.java:300)
        at cucumber.runtime.model.StepContainer.runStep(StepContainer.java:44)
        at cucumber.runtime.model.StepContainer.runSteps(StepContainer.java:39)
        at cucumber.runtime.model.CucumberScenario.run(CucumberScenario.java:44)
        at cucumber.runtime.model.CucumberFeature.run(CucumberFeature.java:165)
        at cucumber.runtime.Runtime.run(Runtime.java:122)
        at cucumber.api.cli.Main.run(Main.java:36)
        at cucumber.api.cli.Main.main(Main.java:18)
        at ✽.Given User navigates to stackoverflow website(C:/Users/MI/Desktop/CucumberFramework/CucumberFramework/src/test/java/CucumberFramework/featureFiles/Login.feature:5)
     
 Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InaccessibleObjectException: Unable to make field private final java.util.Comparator java.util.TreeMap.comparator accessible: module java.base does not "opens java.util" to unnamed module @5afa04c
        at java.base/java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject.checkCanSetAccessible(AccessibleObject.java:357)
        at java.base/java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject.checkCanSetAccessible(AccessibleObject.java:297)
        at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Field.checkCanSetAccessible(Field.java:177)
        at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Field.setAccessible(Field.java:171)
        at cucumber.deps.com.thoughtworks.xstream.core.util.Fields.locate(Fields.java:39)
        at cucumber.deps.com.thoughtworks.xstream.converters.collections.TreeMapConverter.<clinit>(TreeMapConverter.java:50)
        at cucumber.deps.com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream.setupConverters(XStream.java:820)
        at cucumber.deps.com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream.<init>(XStream.java:574)
        at cucumber.deps.com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream.<init>(XStream.java:530)
        at cucumber.runtime.xstream.LocalizedXStreams$LocalizedXStream.<init>(LocalizedXStreams.java:50)
        at cucumber.runtime.xstream.LocalizedXStreams.newXStream(LocalizedXStreams.java:37)
        at cucumber.runtime.xstream.LocalizedXStreams.get(LocalizedXStreams.java:29)
        at cucumber.runtime.StepDefinitionMatch.runStep(StepDefinitionMatch.java:37)
        at cucumber.runtime.Runtime.runStep(Runtime.java:300)
        at cucumber.runtime.model.StepContainer.runStep(StepContainer.java:44)
        at cucumber.runtime.model.StepContainer.runSteps(StepContainer.java:39)
        at cucumber.runtime.model.CucumberScenario.run(CucumberScenario.java:44)
        at cucumber.runtime.model.CucumberFeature.run(CucumberFeature.java:165)
        at cucumber.runtime.Runtime.run(Runtime.java:122)
        at cucumber.api.cli.Main.run(Main.java:36)
        at cucumber.api.cli.Main.main(Main.java:18)
    
And User clicks on the login button on homepage         # LoginSteps.user_clicks_on_the_login_button_on_homepage()
    
And User enters a valid username                        # LoginSteps.user_enters_a_valid_username()
    
And User enters a valid password                        # LoginSteps.user_enters_a_valid_password()
    
When User clicks on the login button                    # LoginSteps.user_clicks_on_the_login_button()
    
Then User should be taken to the successfull login page # LoginSteps.user_should_be_taken_to_the_successfull_login_page()

Failed scenarios:
C:/Users/MI/Desktop/CucumberFramework/CucumberFramework/src/test/java/CucumberFramework/featureFiles/Login.feature:4 # Scenario: Login into account with correct credentials
1 Scenarios (1 failed)
6 Steps (1 failed, 5 skipped)
0m0,357s

java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
    at cucumber.deps.com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream.setupConverters(XStream.java:820)
    at cucumber.deps.com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream.<init>(XStream.java:574)
    at cucumber.deps.com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream.<init>(XStream.java:530)
    at cucumber.runtime.xstream.LocalizedXStreams$LocalizedXStream.<init>(LocalizedXStreams.java:50)
    at cucumber.runtime.xstream.LocalizedXStreams.newXStream(LocalizedXStreams.java:37)
    at cucumber.runtime.xstream.LocalizedXStreams.get(LocalizedXStreams.java:29)
    at cucumber.runtime.StepDefinitionMatch.runStep(StepDefinitionMatch.java:37)
    at cucumber.runtime.Runtime.runStep(Runtime.java:300)
    at cucumber.runtime.model.StepContainer.runStep(StepContainer.java:44)
    at cucumber.runtime.model.StepContainer.runSteps(StepContainer.java:39)
    at cucumber.runtime.model.CucumberScenario.run(CucumberScenario.java:44)
    at cucumber.runtime.model.CucumberFeature.run(CucumberFeature.java:165)
    at cucumber.runtime.Runtime.run(Runtime.java:122)
    at cucumber.api.cli.Main.run(Main.java:36)
    at cucumber.api.cli.Main.main(Main.java:18)
    at ✽.Given User navigates to stackoverflow website(C:/Users/MI/Desktop/CucumberFramework/CucumberFramework/src/test/java/CucumberFramework/featureFiles/Login.feature:5)

Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InaccessibleObjectException: Unable to make field private final java.util.Comparator java.util.TreeMap.comparator accessible: module java.base does not "opens java.util" to unnamed module @5afa04c
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject.checkCanSetAccessible(AccessibleObject.java:357)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject.checkCanSetAccessible(AccessibleObject.java:297)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Field.checkCanSetAccessible(Field.java:177)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Field.setAccessible(Field.java:171)
    at cucumber.deps.com.thoughtworks.xstream.core.util.Fields.locate(Fields.java:39)
    at cucumber.deps.com.thoughtworks.xstream.converters.collections.TreeMapConverter.<clinit>(TreeMapConverter.java:50)
    at cucumber.deps.com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream.setupConverters(XStream.java:820)
    at cucumber.deps.com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream.<init>(XStream.java:574)
    at cucumber.deps.com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream.<init>(XStream.java:530)
    at cucumber.runtime.xstream.LocalizedXStreams$LocalizedXStream.<init>(LocalizedXStreams.java:50)
    at cucumber.runtime.xstream.LocalizedXStreams.newXStream(LocalizedXStreams.java:37)
    at cucumber.runtime.xstream.LocalizedXStreams.get(LocalizedXStreams.java:29)
    at cucumber.runtime.StepDefinitionMatch.runStep(StepDefinitionMatch.java:37)
    at cucumber.runtime.Runtime.runStep(Runtime.java:300)
    at cucumber.runtime.model.StepContainer.runStep(StepContainer.java:44)
    at cucumber.runtime.model.StepContainer.runSteps(StepContainer.java:39)
    at cucumber.runtime.model.CucumberScenario.run(CucumberScenario.java:44)
    at cucumber.runtime.model.CucumberFeature.run(CucumberFeature.java:165)
    at cucumber.runtime.Runtime.run(Runtime.java:122)
    at cucumber.api.cli.Main.run(Main.java:36)
    at cucumber.api.cli.Main.main(Main.java:18)*
1
我认为以下内容会带你找到解决方案，虽然我想你可能会有点难以理解 https://dev59.com/6lgR5IYBdhLWcg3wf9RZ#41265267 。 - David M. Karr
10个回答
22

我没有安装Cucumber功能，所以我的问题与它无关。帮助我的是按照以下方式更新了我的pom文件中的maven插件设置。

<plugin>
  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
  <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
  <version>3.3.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
  <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
  <version>3.8.1</version>
</plugin>
这应该是可以接受的答案 - undefined
7
嗨，我也遇到了同样的错误。你怎么知道这是原因呢？那个错误信息的哪一部分告诉你这是问题所在？我正在尝试在Eclipse中创建一个Selenium Cucumber项目，我的Java版本是17。我该如何知道要使用哪些版本的Cucumber、JUnit等工具呢？谢谢。 - chucknor
如果你没有仔细跟踪 Java 生命周期，这可能有点难以解释。我在回答中提供的教程使用了一个与 Java 17 兼容的最新版本。 - M.P. Korstanje
3
在我的情况下，我忘记更改应用程序的Java版本。
将Java从17版本更改为8版本后，问题得到解决。
Luciano Brum，你的意思是你只是卸载了Java 17并重新安装了Java 8吗？ - Dheeraj Konatham
你可以这样做，但并不是必须的。使用你喜欢的IDE，你只需要改变应用程序所使用的JDK版本即可。在我的情况下，我忘记从Java 17更改到Java 8，这是因为我的默认环境设置为Java 17。 - Luciano Brum
3
这个解决了我的问题： 将maven-war-plugin更新到3.2.3版本。
运行命令： mvn org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-war-plugin:3.2.3
1
你的回答可以通过提供更多支持性信息来改进。请编辑以添加进一步的细节，例如引用或文档，以便他人能够确认你的回答是否正确。你可以在帮助中心找到关于如何撰写好回答的更多信息。 - Community
1

我曾经遇到过同样的问题。

但是通过Asaf Magen发布的解决方案解决了这个问题。

记得更新Maven项目：

右键单击项目 -> Maven -> 更新项目

非常感谢Asaf！！

1
对我来说，当我将JRE系统库更改为JDK JRE而不是默认的JRE时，它起作用了。
右键单击项目->转到构建路径->配置构建路径并添加库->选择JDK文件夹路径并将其设置为默认。
0

我曾经遇到过同样的问题，但是通过以下代码解决了这个问题。

******** 特性文件 **************

Feature: Application login
Scenario: Login into Application
Given user click on login page
When user enter username password
Then user can see home page

***********StepDefination 文件************

package StepDefinations;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@RunWith(io.cucumber.junit.Cucumber.class)
public class StepDefination {
@io.cucumber.java.en.Given("^user click on login page$")
public void user_click_on_login_page() throws Throwable {
// Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions
System.out.println("test 1");
}


@io.cucumber.java.en.When("^user enter username password$")
public void user_enter_username_password() throws Throwable {
// Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions
System.out.println("test 2");
}


@io.cucumber.java.en.Then("^user can see home page$")
public void user_can_see_home_page() throws Throwable {
// Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions
System.out.println("test 3");
}}

********* 测试运行器文件 **************

package cucumber.Options;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@RunWith(io.cucumber.junit.Cucumber.class)
@io.cucumber.junit.CucumberOptions(features="src/test/java/features",` `glue={"StepDefinations"})

public class TestRunner {}
0

更改Maven依赖项。 我的应用程序在pom.xml中使用info-cukes来进行cucumber测试。 我将它们更改为io-cucumber。这对我有效。

0
在我的情况下，我的sts指向的是jre而不是jdk。一旦我从构建路径中删除了jre并指向了jdk的主目录，这个问题就得到了解决。
0
你可以检查JDK是否配置了Eclipse。 从Eclipse中检查 >> 窗口 >> 首选项 >> 搜索Jre >> 点击安装JRE >> 检查是否显示JDK。如果没有显示，则添加JDK。
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