假设有一个火炬张量,例如以下形状:
x = torch.rand(20, 1, 120, 120)
现在我想要的是得到每个120x120矩阵最大值的索引。为了简化问题,我会先使用x.squeeze()
将其形状变为[20, 120, 120]
。然后我想获得torch张量,它是一个形状为[20, 2]
的索引列表。如何快速实现?
torch.topk() 是你正在寻找的函数。根据文档,
torch.topk
(input, k, dim=None, largest=True, sorted=True, out=None) -> (Tensor, LongTensor)
返回给定维度上前 k
大的元素及其对应的索引。
如果未指定参数 dim
,则默认选择最后一维。
如果参数 largest
为 False
,则返回前 k
小的元素。
该函数返回一个由两个张量元素组成的命名元组 (values, indices),其中 indices
表示原始张量中元素的位置索引。
当布尔型参数 sorted
等于 True
,返回的前 k
个元素是已排序状态。
n = torch.tensor(4)
d = torch.tensor(4)
x = torch.rand(n, 1, d, d)
m = x.view(n, -1).argmax(1)
# since argmax() does only return the index of the flattened
# matrix block we have to calculate the indices by ourself
# by using / and % (// would also work, but as we are dealing with
# type torch.long / works as well
indices = torch.cat(((m / d).view(-1, 1), (m % d).view(-1, 1)), dim=1)
print(x)
print(indices)
n
代表您的第一维,d
代表最后两个维度。我这里使用较小的数字来展示结果。但当然也适用于 n=20
和 d=120
:
n = torch.tensor(20)
d = torch.tensor(120)
x = torch.rand(n, 1, d, d)
m = x.view(n, -1).argmax(1)
indices = torch.cat(((m / d).view(-1, 1), (m % d).view(-1, 1)), dim=1)
#print(x)
print(indices)
这里是 n=4
和 d=4
的输出:
tensor([[[[0.3699, 0.3584, 0.4940, 0.8618],
[0.6767, 0.7439, 0.5984, 0.5499],
[0.8465, 0.7276, 0.3078, 0.3882],
[0.1001, 0.0705, 0.2007, 0.4051]]],
[[[0.7520, 0.4528, 0.0525, 0.9253],
[0.6946, 0.0318, 0.5650, 0.7385],
[0.0671, 0.6493, 0.3243, 0.2383],
[0.6119, 0.7762, 0.9687, 0.0896]]],
[[[0.3504, 0.7431, 0.8336, 0.0336],
[0.8208, 0.9051, 0.1681, 0.8722],
[0.5751, 0.7903, 0.0046, 0.1471],
[0.4875, 0.1592, 0.2783, 0.6338]]],
[[[0.9398, 0.7589, 0.6645, 0.8017],
[0.9469, 0.2822, 0.9042, 0.2516],
[0.2576, 0.3852, 0.7349, 0.2806],
[0.7062, 0.1214, 0.0922, 0.1385]]]])
tensor([[0, 3],
[3, 2],
[1, 1],
[1, 0]])
m = x.view(n, -1).argmax(1)
indices = torch.cat(((m // d).view(-1, 1), (m % d).view(-1, 1)), dim=1)
已经对argmax
值进行了必要的重塑:
m = x.view(n, -1).argmax(1).view(-1, 1)
indices = torch.cat((m // d, m % d), dim=1)
但是正如评论中提到的那样,我认为很难从中获得更多的信息。
如果你真的非常重视性能提升的最后一点,你可以将上面的函数实现为pytorch的低级扩展(例如C++)。
这将给你一个可以调用的函数,并避免慢速的Python代码。
.float()
将m
转换,然后在除以d
时使用//
。你提出的是一种展开方式,类似于numpy.unravel_indices()
。如果你能想到更快的方法,当然会更好。 - Chrisargmax()
本身需要大约10倍的时间来计算下一行中的索引 - 在CPU上,我稍后也可以检查GPU。但是这些操作非常简单和直接,因此即使这是一个解决方法,从理论上讲它应该也相当高效。 - MBTunravel_index
实现:def unravel_index(
indices: torch.LongTensor,
shape: Tuple[int, ...],
) -> torch.LongTensor:
r"""Converts flat indices into unraveled coordinates in a target shape.
This is a `torch` implementation of `numpy.unravel_index`.
Args:
indices: A tensor of (flat) indices, (*, N).
shape: The targeted shape, (D,).
Returns:
The unraveled coordinates, (*, N, D).
"""
coord = []
for dim in reversed(shape):
coord.append(indices % dim)
indices = indices // dim
coord = torch.stack(coord[::-1], dim=-1)
return coord
接下来,您可以使用torch.argmax
函数来获取“扁平化”张量的索引。
y = x.view(20, -1)
indices = torch.argmax(y)
indices.shape # (20,)
使用unravel_index
函数来展开索引。
indices = unravel_index(indices, x.shape[-2:])
indices.shape # (20, 2)
被接受的答案仅适用于给定的示例。
tejasvi88的答案很有趣,但无法帮助回答原始问题(如我在那里的评论中所解释的)。
我认为Francois的答案最接近,因为它处理更通用的情况(任意数量的维度)。但是,它没有连接到argmax
,并且所示示例未说明该函数处理批处理的能力。
因此,我将在Francois的答案基础上构建代码以连接到argmax
。我编写了一个新函数batch_argmax
,它返回批次中最大值的索引。批次可以组织在多个维度中。我还包括一些测试用例以供说明:
def batch_argmax(tensor, batch_dim=1):
"""
Assumes that dimensions of tensor up to batch_dim are "batch dimensions"
and returns the indices of the max element of each "batch row".
More precisely, returns tensor `a` such that, for each index v of tensor.shape[:batch_dim], a[v] is
the indices of the max element of tensor[v].
"""
if batch_dim >= len(tensor.shape):
raise NoArgMaxIndices()
batch_shape = tensor.shape[:batch_dim]
non_batch_shape = tensor.shape[batch_dim:]
flat_non_batch_size = prod(non_batch_shape)
tensor_with_flat_non_batch_portion = tensor.reshape(*batch_shape, flat_non_batch_size)
dimension_of_indices = len(non_batch_shape)
# We now have each batch row flattened in the last dimension of tensor_with_flat_non_batch_portion,
# so we can invoke its argmax(dim=-1) method. However, that method throws an exception if the tensor
# is empty. We cover that case first.
if tensor_with_flat_non_batch_portion.numel() == 0:
# If empty, either the batch dimensions or the non-batch dimensions are empty
batch_size = prod(batch_shape)
if batch_size == 0: # if batch dimensions are empty
# return empty tensor of appropriate shape
batch_of_unraveled_indices = torch.ones(*batch_shape, dimension_of_indices).long() # 'ones' is irrelevant as it will be empty
else: # non-batch dimensions are empty, so argmax indices are undefined
raise NoArgMaxIndices()
else: # We actually have elements to maximize, so we search for them
indices_of_non_batch_portion = tensor_with_flat_non_batch_portion.argmax(dim=-1)
batch_of_unraveled_indices = unravel_indices(indices_of_non_batch_portion, non_batch_shape)
if dimension_of_indices == 1:
# above function makes each unraveled index of a n-D tensor a n-long tensor
# however indices of 1D tensors are typically represented by scalars, so we squeeze them in this case.
batch_of_unraveled_indices = batch_of_unraveled_indices.squeeze(dim=-1)
return batch_of_unraveled_indices
class NoArgMaxIndices(BaseException):
def __init__(self):
super(NoArgMaxIndices, self).__init__(
"no argmax indices: batch_argmax requires non-batch shape to be non-empty")
以下是测试:
def test_basic():
# a simple array
tensor = torch.tensor([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
batch_dim = 0
expected = torch.tensor(4)
run_test(tensor, batch_dim, expected)
# making batch_dim = 1 renders the non-batch portion empty and argmax indices undefined
tensor = torch.tensor([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
batch_dim = 1
check_that_exception_is_thrown(lambda: batch_argmax(tensor, batch_dim), NoArgMaxIndices)
# now a batch of arrays
tensor = torch.tensor([[1, 2, 3], [6, 5, 4]])
batch_dim = 1
expected = torch.tensor([2, 0])
run_test(tensor, batch_dim, expected)
# Now we have an empty batch with non-batch 3-dim arrays' shape (the arrays are actually non-existent)
tensor = torch.ones(0, 3) # 'ones' is irrelevant since this is empty
batch_dim = 1
# empty batch of the right shape: just the batch dimension 0,since indices of arrays are scalar (0D)
expected = torch.ones(0)
run_test(tensor, batch_dim, expected)
# Now we have an empty batch with non-batch matrices' shape (the matrices are actually non-existent)
tensor = torch.ones(0, 3, 2) # 'ones' is irrelevant since this is empty
batch_dim = 1
# empty batch of the right shape: the batch and two dimension for the indices since we have 2D matrices
expected = torch.ones(0, 2)
run_test(tensor, batch_dim, expected)
# a batch of 2D matrices:
tensor = torch.tensor([[[1, 2, 3], [6, 5, 4]], [[2, 3, 1], [4, 5, 6]]])
batch_dim = 1
expected = torch.tensor([[1, 0], [1, 2]]) # coordinates of two 6's, one in each 2D matrix
run_test(tensor, batch_dim, expected)
# same as before, but testing that batch_dim supports negative values
tensor = torch.tensor([[[1, 2, 3], [6, 5, 4]], [[2, 3, 1], [4, 5, 6]]])
batch_dim = -2
expected = torch.tensor([[1, 0], [1, 2]])
run_test(tensor, batch_dim, expected)
# Same data, but a 2-dimensional batch of 1D arrays!
tensor = torch.tensor([[[1, 2, 3], [6, 5, 4]], [[2, 3, 1], [4, 5, 6]]])
batch_dim = 2
expected = torch.tensor([[2, 0], [1, 2]]) # coordinates of 3, 6, 3, and 6
run_test(tensor, batch_dim, expected)
# same as before, but testing that batch_dim supports negative values
tensor = torch.tensor([[[1, 2, 3], [6, 5, 4]], [[2, 3, 1], [4, 5, 6]]])
batch_dim = -1
expected = torch.tensor([[2, 0], [1, 2]])
run_test(tensor, batch_dim, expected)
def run_test(tensor, batch_dim, expected):
actual = batch_argmax(tensor, batch_dim)
print(f"batch_argmax of {tensor} with batch_dim {batch_dim} is\n{actual}\nExpected:\n{expected}")
assert actual.shape == expected.shape
assert actual.eq(expected).all()
def check_that_exception_is_thrown(thunk, exception_type):
if isinstance(exception_type, BaseException):
raise Exception(f"check_that_exception_is_thrown received an exception instance rather than an exception type: "
f"{exception_type}")
try:
thunk()
raise AssertionError(f"Should have thrown {exception_type}")
except exception_type:
pass
except Exception as e:
raise AssertionError(f"Should have thrown {exception_type} but instead threw {e}")
我有一个直接的解决方法,但不是每个项目批量计算最大值的最佳方案的。简单的解决方法可能是:
# suppose the tensor is of shape (3,2,2),
>>> a = torch.randn(3, 2, 2)
>>> a
tensor([[[ 0.1450, -1.3480],
[-0.3339, -0.5133]],
[[ 0.6867, -0.2972],
[ 0.8768, 0.0844]],
[[-2.3115, -0.4549],
[-1.5074, -0.8706]]])
# then perform batch-wise max
>>> torch.stack([(a[i]==torch.max(a[i])).nonzero() for i in range(a.size(0))], dim=0)
tensor([[[0, 0]],
[[1, 0]],
[[0, 1]]])
ps=ps.numpy()
ps=ps.tolist()
mx=[max(l) for l in ps]
mx=max(mx)
for i in range(len(ps[0])):
if mx==ps[0][i]:
print("The digit is "+str(i))
break
这对我来说非常有效
[20, 2]
矩阵?你想要在每个120 * 120
的矩阵中沿着行和列找到最大值吗? - Kashyap120 * 120
矩阵中的每一个,我想要具有最大值的单元格的[x, y]
坐标。 - Chris