等待带有ProgressDialog的执行AsyncTask

Question

我有一个方法public void writeEntry(Activity ctx, Entry entry)，它获取一些数据并调用一个需要更长时间才能完成的本地方法。
因此，我创建了一个AsyncTask来处理ProgressDialog和本地方法。在自己的Activity中测试它很好用，在那个Activity中我使用了回调接口等。

在我的情况下，我有上面描述的方法，并且必须执行AsyncTask。执行不能在该方法中进行，因为它不会停止进一步执行。
在继续执行之前，我需要从本地方法获取结果。
是否有任何可能等待AsyncTask直到它完成？方法wait()不是一个选项，因为UI线程也会等待，因此ProgressDialog的意义将丧失。

我可以使用给定参数的runOnUiThread()方法吗？还是唯一的解决方案是启动自己的Activity？

- CSchulz

---

那里，哪里？我对活动描述感到困惑。您能否写出名称，而不是使用“那里”，这样我们就知道我们正在查看多少个不同的活动，谢谢。否则，请在您的问题中转储相关代码 :) - TeaCupApp

我已经编辑了问题，希望现在更清楚了。通常只有一个主要的Activity，它调用方法writeEntry()。 - CSchulz

我试图理解它，所以基本上你有一个执行AsyncTask的writeEntry方法，但是(writeEntry)代码执行会继续进行。但是你希望该代码等待异步任务完成工作。我说得对吗？ - TeaCupApp

是的，你说得对。我认为AsyncTask不是它的正确选择。 - CSchulz

整个使用AsyncTask的概念是为了保持当前线程运行并在后台执行某些进程，我的建议在我的答案中;) - TeaCupApp

Answer 1

我会尽力解释，以下是需要翻译的内容：

将耗时操作放在AsyncTask中进行，但无论什么代码想要在AsyncTask完成后执行，请将其放在单独的公共方法中。现在，一旦你完成了耗时操作，请在onPostExecute()中调用该单独创建的方法。

伪代码如下：

class main extends Activity {

    class Something extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, String> {

        protected void onPreExecute() {
            // Start your progress bar...
        }

        protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
            // Do your heavy stuff...
            return null;
        }

        protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
            // close your progress dialog and than call method which has
            // code you are wishing to execute after AsyncTask.
        }
    }

}

希望这能帮到您，祝好运！

- TeaCupApp

---

我该如何等待AsyncTask的结果，而不会冻结UI线程？ - CSchulz

Answer 2

我的第一个解决方案是使用回调方法和接口实现，参考下面的示例：https://dev59.com/PljUa4cB1Zd3GeqPQl_L#6396376。

在 Android 聊天室里交流一段时间后，我听说有一个更实用的解决方案。您可以使用 IntentService 与 PendingIntent 结合使用。通信是通过 Intent 实现的。如果您想使用 ProgressDialog，则需要为其创建一个独立的 Activity，例如注册一个 BroadcastReceiver 并使用 IntentService 将其实际状态作为广播发送。

但现在让我们开始吧。首先，我们创建包含 ProgressDialog 和已注册的 BroadcastReceiver 的 Activity。该 BroadcastReceiver 监听有关更新和完成对话框的消息。

对于这个 Activity，我们需要布局...

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="#80000000">
</LinearLayout>

... and the related code:

public class ProgressActivity extends Activity {
    /**
     * ProgressDialog which is shown
     */
    private ProgressDialog progessDialog_g;

    /**
     * Instance of the BroadcastReceiver
     */
    private BroadcastReceiver receiver_g;

    /**
     * Identifier for the different settings of the ProgressDialog
     */
    public static final String PROGRESS_DIALOG_BOOL_HORIZONTAL_BAR = "pbar_horizontal_bar";
    public static final String PROGRESS_DIALOG_BOOL_CANCELABLE = "pbar_horizontal_cancelable";
    public static final String PROGRESS_DIALOG_STR_MESSAGE = "pbar_message";
    public static final String PROGRESS_DIALOG_INT_MAX = "pbar_max_bar";
    public static final String PROGRESS_DIALOG_INT_VALUE = "pbar_value";
    protected static final int PROGRESS_DIALOG_INT_MAX_VALUE = 100;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.progress);

        progessDialog_g = new ProgressDialog(this);

        // Reads and sets the settings for the ProgressDialog
        Intent i = getIntent();
        progessDialog_g.setCancelable(i.getBooleanExtra(
                PROGRESS_DIALOG_BOOL_CANCELABLE, false));
        if (i.getBooleanExtra(
                PROGRESS_DIALOG_BOOL_HORIZONTAL_BAR, false)) {
            progessDialog_g.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL);
        } else {
            progessDialog_g.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_SPINNER);
        }
        progessDialog_g
                .setMessage(i
                        .getStringExtra(PROGRESS_DIALOG_STR_MESSAGE));
        progessDialog_g.setMax(i.getIntExtra(
                PROGRESS_DIALOG_INT_MAX, 100));

        // Create the IntentFilter for the different broadcast messages
        IntentFilter iFilter =
                new IntentFilter(
                        ExampleProgressService.PROGRESS_DIALOG_BROADCAST_INIT);
        iFilter.addAction(ExampleProgressService.PROGRESS_DIALOG_BROADCAST_UPDATE);
        iFilter.addAction(ExampleProgressService.PROGRESS_DIALOG_BROADCAST_FINISH);

        // Creates the BroadcastReceiver
        receiver_g = new BroadcastReceiver() {
            @Override
            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent){
                Log.d(DefaultPreferences.DEBUG_PREFIX + "ProgressActivity",
                        intent.getAction());

                if (ExampleProgressService.PROGRESS_DIALOG_BROADCAST_INIT
                        .equals(intent.getAction())) {
                    // Sets the ProgressDialog style
                    if (intent
                            .getBooleanExtra(
                                    PROGRESS_DIALOG_BOOL_HORIZONTAL_BAR,
                                    false)) {
                        progessDialog_g
                                .setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL);
                    } else {
                        progessDialog_g
                                .setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_SPINNER);
                    }

                    // Shows the ProgressDialog    
                    progessDialog_g.show();
                } else if (ExampleProgressService.PROGRESS_DIALOG_BROADCAST_UPDATE
                        .equals(intent.getAction())) {
                    // Updates the ProgressDialog
                    int value =
                            intent.getIntExtra(
                                    PROGRESS_DIALOG_INT_VALUE,
                                    -1);
                    if (value != -1) {
                        progessDialog_g.setProgress(value);
                    }
                } else if (ExampleProgressService.PROGRESS_DIALOG_BROADCAST_FINISH
                        .equals(intent.getAction())) {
                    // Finishs the ProgressDialog
                    progessDialog_g.cancel();
                    finish();
                }
            }
        };

        // Registers the BroadcastReceiver
        registerReceiver(receiver_g, iFilter);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy(){
        unregisterReceiver(receiver_g);
        super.onDestroy();
    }
}

现在我们想要使用Activity，所以让我们从调用它开始：

final Intent i = new Intent(parentActivity, <packages>.ProgressActivity);
i.putExtra(ProgressActivity.PROGRESS_DIALOG_BOOL_CANCELABLE, cancelable_g);
i.putExtra(ProgressActivity.PROGRESS_DIALOG_BOOL_HORIZONTAL_BAR, showProgress_g);
i.putExtra(ProgressActivity.PROGRESS_DIALOG_STR_MESSAGE, message_g);
i.putExtra(ProgressActivity.PROGRESS_DIALOG_INT_MAX, ProgressActivity.PROGRESS_DIALOG_INT_MAX_VALUE);

parentActivity.startActivity(i);

现在我们已经有了一个运行中的ProgressActivity，它等待不同的广播。但首先我们需要一个IntentService来发送广播。
所以让我们开始吧：

public class ExampleProgressService extends IntentService {
    /**
     * PendingIntent for callback.
     */
    protected PendingIntent pi_g = null;

    private static final String DEBUG_TAG = "ExampleProgressService";

    /**
     * Message identifier for ProgressDialog init
     */
    public static final String PROGRESS_DIALOG_BROADCAST_INIT = "Dialog.Progress.Init";
    /**
     * Message identifier for ProgressDialog finish
     */
    public static final String PROGRESS_DIALOG_BROADCAST_FINISH = "Dialog.Progress.Finish";
    /**
     * Message identifier for ProgressDialog update
     */
    public static final String PROGRESS_DIALOG_BROADCAST_UPDATE = "Dialog.Progress.Update";

    /**
     * Identifier of the result for intent content
     */
    public static final String PROGRESS_DATA_RESULT = "Result";
    /**
     * Identifier of the result error for intent content
     */
    public static final String PROGRESS_DATA_RESULT_ERROR_MESSAGE = "Result.Error.Message";
    /**
     * Identifier of the result error exception for intent content
     */
    public static final String PROGRESS_DATA_RESULT_ERROR_EXCEPTION = "Result.Error.Exception";
    /**
     * Identifier of the result status for intent content
     */
    public static final String PROGRESS_DATA_RESULT_STATUS_BOOL = "Result.Status.boolean";

    /**
     * Identifier of the pending intent for intent content
     */
    public static final String PROGRESS_DATA_PENDING_RESULT = "PendingResult";

    public ExampleProgressService() {
        super("ExampleProgressService");
    }

    /**
     * Send the finish message.
     */
    private void closeProgressActivity() {
        Intent intent = new Intent(PROGRESS_DIALOG_BROADCAST_FINISH);

        sendBroadcast(intent);
    }

    /**
     * Do some magic with the intent content
     */
    private void extractVariablesFromIntentAndPrepare(Intent intent)
            throws Exception {
        pi_g = (PendingIntent) intent
                .getParcelableExtra(PROGRESS_DATA_PENDING_RESULT);

        if (pi_g == null) {
            throw new Exception("There is no pending intent!");
    }

    /**
     * Sends an error message.
     */
    private void failed(Exception e, String message) {
        Intent i = new Intent();
        i.putExtra(PROGRESS_DATA_RESULT_ERROR_EXCEPTION, e);
        i.putExtra(PROGRESS_DATA_RESULT_ERROR_MESSAGE, message);

        send(i, false);
    }

    /**
     * Sends the init message.
     */
    private void initProgressActivity() {
        Intent intent = new Intent(PROGRESS_DIALOG_BROADCAST_INIT);

        intent.putExtra(PROGRESS_DIALOG_BOOL_HORIZONTAL_BAR,
                multipart_g);

        sendBroadcast(intent);
    }

    /**
     * (non-Javadoc)
     * 
     * @see android.app.IntentService#onHandleIntent(android.content.Intent)
     */
    @Override
    protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
        extractVariablesFromIntentAndPrepare(intent);

        initProgressActivity();

        // do your calculation here and implements following code
        Intent intent = new Intent(PROGRESS_DIALOG_BROADCAST_UPDATE);

        intent.putExtra(PROGRESS_DIALOG_INT_VALUE, progressValue);

        sendBroadcast(intent);

        // If you finished, use one of the two methods to send the result or an error
        success(result);
        failed(exception, optionalMessage);
    }

    /**
     * Sends the data to the calling Activity
     */
    private void send(Intent resultData, boolean status) {
        resultData.putExtra(PROGRESS_DATA_RESULT_STATUS_BOOL, status);

        closeProgressActivity();

        try {
            pi_g.send(this, Activity.RESULT_OK, resultData);
        } catch (PendingIntent.CanceledException e) {
            Log.e(DEBUG_TAG,
                    "There is something wrong with the pending intent", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sends the result message.
     */
    private void success(String result) {
        Intent i = new Intent();
        i.putExtra(PROGRESS_DATA_RESULT, result);

        send(i, true);
    }
}

计算进度的结果应该在父活动中可用，因此我们在该活动中创建PendingIntent并调用IntentService。

// Some identifier for the call
int requestCode = 12345;

final Intent sI = new Intent(ExampleProgressService.PROGRESS_SERVICE_ACTION);

// Callback
sI.putExtra(ExampleProgressService.PROGRESS_DATA_PENDING_RESULT, parentActivity
        .createPendingResult(requestCode, null,
                PendingIntent.FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT));

// Service start
parentActivity.startService(sI);

要接收结果，我们必须覆盖方法onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data)。

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data){
    // Compares the requestCode with the requestCode from above
    if (requestCode == ...) {
        if (data.getBooleanExtra(ExampleProgressService.PROGRESS_DATA_RESULT_STATUS_BOOL, false)) {
            // Calculation was success
            data.getStringExtra(ExampleProgressService.PROGRESS_DATA_RESULT);
        } else
        {
            // Calculation is failed
            data.getStringExtra(ExampleProgressService.PROGRESS_DATA_RESULT_ERROR_MESSAGE);
            ((Exception) data.getSerializableExtra(ExampleProgressService.PROGRESS_DATA_RESULT_ERROR_EXCEPTION));
        }
    }
}

那就是魔法了，我希望它能帮到你。

- CSchulz