我该如何找到所有可能被 Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) 使用的 POS 标签列表?
& 'n and both but either et for less minus neither nor or plus so
therefore times v. versus vs. whether yet
CD:数词,基数词
mid-1890 nine-thirty forty-two one-tenth ten million 0.5 one forty-
seven 1987 twenty '79 zero two 78-degrees eighty-four IX '60s .025
fifteen 271,124 dozen quintillion DM2,000 ...
DT: determiner
all an another any both del each either every half la many much nary
neither no some such that the them these this those
EX: 存在引导词
there
IN: 介词或从属连词,用于从句中
astride among upon whether out inside pro despite on by throughout
below within for towards near behind atop around if like until below
next into if beside ...
JJ: 形容词或序数词
third ill-mannered pre-war regrettable oiled calamitous first separable
ectoplasmic battery-powered participatory fourth still-to-be-named
multilingual multi-disciplinary ...
JJR:形容词,比较级
bleaker braver breezier briefer brighter brisker broader bumper busier
calmer cheaper choosier cleaner clearer closer colder commoner costlier
cozier creamier crunchier cuter ...
JJS:形容词,最高级
calmest cheapest choicest classiest cleanest clearest closest commonest
corniest costliest crassest creepiest crudest cutest darkest deadliest
dearest deepest densest dinkiest ...
LS: 列表项标记
A A. B B. C C. D E F First G H I J K One SP-44001 SP-44002 SP-44005
SP-44007 Second Third Three Two * a b c d first five four one six three
two
MD: 模态助动词
can cannot could couldn't dare may might must need ought shall should
shouldn't will would
NN:名词,通用,单数或不可数
common-carrier cabbage knuckle-duster Casino afghan shed thermostat
investment slide humour falloff slick wind hyena override subhumanity
machinist ...
NNP:名词,专有名词,单数
Motown Venneboerger Czestochwa Ranzer Conchita Trumplane Christos
Oceanside Escobar Kreisler Sawyer Cougar Yvette Ervin ODI Darryl CTCA
Shannon A.K.C. Meltex Liverpool ...
NNS:名词,普通,复数形式。undergraduates scotches bric-a-brac products bodyguards facets coasts
divestitures storehouses designs clubs fragrances averages
subjectivists apprehensions muses factory-jobs ...
PDT: 前位限定词
all both half many quite such sure this
POS:所有格标记' 's
PRP:代词,人称
hers herself him himself hisself it itself me myself one oneself ours
ourselves ownself self she thee theirs them themselves they thou thy us
PRP$:代词,所有格
her his mine my our ours their thy your
RB: adverb
occasionally unabatingly maddeningly adventurously professedly
stirringly prominently technologically magisterially predominately
swiftly fiscally pitilessly ...
RBR: adverb, comparative
further gloomier grander graver greater grimmer harder harsher
healthier heavier higher however larger later leaner lengthier less-
perfectly lesser lonelier longer louder lower more ...
best biggest bluntest earliest farthest first furthest hardest
heartiest highest largest least less most nearest second tightest worst
RP: particle
aboard about across along apart around aside at away back before behind
by crop down ever fast for forth from go high i.e. in into just later
low more off on open out over per pie raising start teeth that through
under unto up up-pp upon whole with you
TO:作为介词或不定式标记的“to”
to
UH:感叹词。Goodbye Goody Gosh Wow Jeepers Jee-sus Hubba Hey Kee-reist Oops amen
huh howdy uh dammit whammo shucks heck anyways whodunnit honey golly
man baby diddle hush sonuvabitch ...
VB: 动词,基本形式
ask assemble assess assign assume atone attention avoid bake balkanize
bank begin behold believe bend benefit bevel beware bless boil bomb
boost brace break bring broil brush build ...
VBD:动词,过去式
dipped pleaded swiped regummed soaked tidied convened halted registered
cushioned exacted snubbed strode aimed adopted belied figgered
speculated wore appreciated contemplated ...
VBG: 动词现在分词或动名词。telegraphing stirring focusing angering judging stalling lactating
hankerin' alleging veering capping approaching traveling besieging
encrypting interrupting erasing wincing ...
VBN:动词过去分词
(注:保留HTML标签)multihulled dilapidated aerosolized chaired languished panelized used
experimented flourished imitated reunifed factored condensed sheared
unsettled primed dubbed desired ...
VBP: 动词,现在时,非第三人称单数
predominate wrap resort sue twist spill cure lengthen brush terminate
appear tend stray glisten obtain comprise detest tease attract
emphasize mold postpone sever return wag ...
VBZ: 动词,现在时,第三人称单数
(注:VBZ代表英语中的“动词,现在时,第三人称单数”)bases reconstructs marks mixes displeases seals carps weaves snatches
slumps stretches authorizes smolders pictures emerges stockpiles
seduces fizzes uses bolsters slaps speaks pleads ...
that what whatever which whichever
WP: 疑问代词
that what whatever whatsoever which who whom whosoever
WRB: Wh-副词how however whence whenever where whereby whereever wherein whereof why
nltk.help.upenn_tagset('RB')
很有帮助,并且在nltk
书籍中早就提到了。 - Nate Anderson标签集取决于用来训练标注器的语料库。 nltk.pos_tag()
的默认标注器使用Penn Treebank 标签集。
NLTK 2 中,您可以通过以下方式检查默认标注器是哪个:
import nltk
nltk.tag._POS_TAGGER
>>> 'taggers/maxent_treebank_pos_tagger/english.pickle'
这意味着它是在Treebank语料库上进行训练的最大熵标注器。
nltk.tag._POS_TAGGER
在NLTK 3中已不存在,但文档说明表明现成的标注器仍使用Penn Treebank标记集。
nltk.tag._POS_TAGGER
不执行,并且没有提供任何有关导入的具体说明。此外,找出正在使用的标记器只解决了一半的问题,问题要求获取标记器中所有可能的标记列表。 - Hamman Samuel以下内容可用于访问由缩写为键的字典:
>>> from nltk.data import load
>>> tagdict = load('help/tagsets/upenn_tagset.pickle')
>>> tagdict['NN'][0]
'noun, common, singular or mass'
>>> tagdict.keys()
['PRP$', 'VBG', 'VBD', '``', 'VBN', ',', "''", 'VBP', 'WDT', ...
['LS', 'TO', 'VBN', "''", 'WP', 'UH', 'VBG', 'JJ', 'VBZ', '--', 'VBP', 'NN', 'DT', 'PRP', ':', 'WP$', 'NNPS', 'PRP$', 'WDT', '(', ')', '.', ',', '``', '$', 'RB', 'RBR', 'RBS', 'VBD', 'IN', 'FW', 'RP', 'JJR', 'JJS', 'PDT', 'MD', 'VB', 'WRB', 'NNP', 'EX', 'NNS', 'SYM', 'CC', 'CD', 'POS']
直接按原样运行即可。
import nltk
nltk.download('tagsets')
nltk.help.upenn_tagset()
nltk.tag._POS_TAGGER
不起作用。它会产生 AttributeError:模块'nltk.tag'没有属性'_POS_TAGGER'。在NLTK 3中不再可用。
$
、''
、(
、)
、,
、--
、.
、:
、FW
、NNPS
、SYM
、WP$
、[两个反引号]。请参见nltk.help.upenn_tagset()
。 - user1544337