在Windows上交叉编译Python脚本为Linux可执行文件

Question

我用Python在Windows上创建了一个程序。如何将其转换为Linux可执行文件？具体来说是Linux Ubuntu 9.10。

- 絢瀬絵里

---

为什么需要将其制作成可执行文件？你不能只使用普通的Python .py文件吗？ - David Heffernan

因为如果我使用一个普通的.py文件，运行程序的计算机必须安装Python和我使用的库。虽然Python不应该是问题，因为Ubuntu已经内置了Python，但库将成为问题，因为我使用的wx没有捆绑在Ubuntu的发行版中。 - 絢瀬絵里

Answer 1

Tendou，

由于我通常在Linux机器上进行开发，当我需要Windows版本时，我经常使用cx_freeze制作Windows二进制文件，但我也用它来制作Linux二进制文件，它的表现非常好（它是多平台的，py2exe不是）。正如Eli上面所说，它实际上并没有编译代码，而只是将解释器、字节编译的代码和所需的库捆绑到可执行文件中，但你会得到所需的结果（在没有预安装Python的机器上运行）。

在Linux机器上安装cx_freeze后，您可以尝试一些简单的东西，比如这个假代码，我将其保存为test.py：

import time

for i in range(10):
  print i
  time.sleep(1)

然后运行 cxfreeze 来制作二进制文件。输出结果将类似于这样：

$ cxfreeze test.py 
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/cx_Freeze/bases/Console -> /home/claudio/dist/test
copying /usr/lib/libpython2.6.so.1.0 -> /home/claudio/dist/libpython2.6.so.1.0
writing zip file /home/claudio/dist/test

  Name                      File
  ----                      ----
m StringIO                  
m UserDict                  
m __builtin__               
m __main__                  test.py
m _abcoll                   
m _codecs                   
m _codecs_cn                /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_cn.so
m _codecs_hk                /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_hk.so
m _codecs_iso2022           /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_iso2022.so
m _codecs_jp                /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_jp.so
m _codecs_kr                /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_kr.so
m _codecs_tw                /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_tw.so
m _functools                /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_functools.so
m _locale                   /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_locale.so
m _multibytecodec           /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_multibytecodec.so
m _sre                      
m _strptime                 /usr/lib/python2.6/_strptime.py
m _struct                   /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_struct.so
m _warnings                 
m abc                       
m array                     /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/array.so
m base64                    
m binascii                  /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/binascii.so
m bz2                       /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/bz2.so
m cStringIO                 /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/cStringIO.so
m calendar                  /usr/lib/python2.6/calendar.py
m codecs                    
m copy                      
m copy_reg                  
m cx_Freeze__init__         /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/cx_Freeze/initscripts/Console.py
m datetime                  /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/datetime.so
m dummy_thread              /usr/lib/python2.6/dummy_thread.py
P encodings                 
m encodings.aliases         
m encodings.ascii           
m encodings.base64_codec    
m encodings.big5            
m encodings.big5hkscs       
m encodings.bz2_codec       
m encodings.charmap         
m encodings.cp037           
m encodings.cp1006          
m encodings.cp1026          
m encodings.cp1140          
m encodings.cp1250          
m encodings.cp1251          
m encodings.cp1252          
m encodings.cp1253          
m encodings.cp1254          
m encodings.cp1255          
m encodings.cp1256          
m encodings.cp1257          
m encodings.cp1258          
m encodings.cp424           
m encodings.cp437           
m encodings.cp500           
m encodings.cp737           
m encodings.cp775           
m encodings.cp850           
m encodings.cp852           
m encodings.cp855           
m encodings.cp856           
m encodings.cp857           
m encodings.cp860           
m encodings.cp861           
m encodings.cp862           
m encodings.cp863           
m encodings.cp864           
m encodings.cp865           
m encodings.cp866           
m encodings.cp869           
m encodings.cp874           
m encodings.cp875           
m encodings.cp932           
m encodings.cp949           
m encodings.cp950           
m encodings.euc_jis_2004    
m encodings.euc_jisx0213    
m encodings.euc_jp          
m encodings.euc_kr          
m encodings.gb18030         
m encodings.gb2312          
m encodings.gbk             
m encodings.hex_codec       
m encodings.hp_roman8       
m encodings.hz              
m encodings.idna            
m encodings.iso2022_jp      
m encodings.iso2022_jp_1    
m encodings.iso2022_jp_2    
m encodings.iso2022_jp_2004 
m encodings.iso2022_jp_3    
m encodings.iso2022_jp_ext  
m encodings.iso2022_kr      
m encodings.iso8859_1       
m encodings.iso8859_10      
m encodings.iso8859_11      
m encodings.iso8859_13      
m encodings.iso8859_14      
m encodings.iso8859_15      
m encodings.iso8859_16      
m encodings.iso8859_2       
m encodings.iso8859_3       
m encodings.iso8859_4       
m encodings.iso8859_5       
m encodings.iso8859_6       
m encodings.iso8859_7       
m encodings.iso8859_8       
m encodings.iso8859_9       
m encodings.johab           
m encodings.koi8_r          
m encodings.koi8_u          
m encodings.latin_1         
m encodings.mac_arabic      
m encodings.mac_centeuro    
m encodings.mac_croatian    
m encodings.mac_cyrillic    
m encodings.mac_farsi       
m encodings.mac_greek       
m encodings.mac_iceland     
m encodings.mac_latin2      
m encodings.mac_roman       
m encodings.mac_romanian    
m encodings.mac_turkish     
m encodings.mbcs            
m encodings.palmos          
m encodings.ptcp154         
m encodings.punycode        
m encodings.quopri_codec    
m encodings.raw_unicode_escape 
m encodings.rot_13          
m encodings.shift_jis       
m encodings.shift_jis_2004  
m encodings.shift_jisx0213  
m encodings.string_escape   
m encodings.tis_620         
m encodings.undefined       
m encodings.unicode_escape  
m encodings.unicode_internal 
m encodings.utf_16          
m encodings.utf_16_be       
m encodings.utf_16_le       
m encodings.utf_32          
m encodings.utf_32_be       
m encodings.utf_32_le       
m encodings.utf_7           
m encodings.utf_8           
m encodings.utf_8_sig       
m encodings.uu_codec        
m encodings.zlib_codec      
m errno                     
m functools                 /usr/lib/python2.6/functools.py
m genericpath               
m gettext                   /usr/lib/python2.6/gettext.py
m imp                       
m itertools                 /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/itertools.so
m linecache                 
m locale                    /usr/lib/python2.6/locale.py
m operator                  /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/operator.so
m optparse                  /usr/lib/python2.6/optparse.py
m os                        
m posix                     
m posixpath                 
m pwd                       
m quopri                    
m re                        /usr/lib/python2.6/re.py
m repr                      
m sre_compile               /usr/lib/python2.6/sre_compile.py
m sre_constants             /usr/lib/python2.6/sre_constants.py
m sre_parse                 /usr/lib/python2.6/sre_parse.py
m stat                      
m string                    /usr/lib/python2.6/string.py
m stringprep                
m strop                     /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/strop.so
m struct                    
m sys                       
m textwrap                  /usr/lib/python2.6/textwrap.py
m thread                    
m time                      /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/time.so
m token                     /usr/lib/python2.6/token.py
m tokenize                  /usr/lib/python2.6/tokenize.py
m traceback                 
m types                     
m unicodedata               /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/unicodedata.so
m warnings                  
m zipimport                 
m zlib                      /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/zlib.so

copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_cn.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_codecs_cn.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_hk.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_codecs_hk.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_iso2022.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_codecs_iso2022.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_jp.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_codecs_jp.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_kr.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_codecs_kr.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_tw.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_codecs_tw.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_functools.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_functools.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_locale.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_locale.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_multibytecodec.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_multibytecodec.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_struct.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_struct.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/array.so -> /home/claudio/dist/array.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/binascii.so -> /home/claudio/dist/binascii.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/bz2.so -> /home/claudio/dist/bz2.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/cStringIO.so -> /home/claudio/dist/cStringIO.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/datetime.so -> /home/claudio/dist/datetime.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/itertools.so -> /home/claudio/dist/itertools.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/operator.so -> /home/claudio/dist/operator.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/strop.so -> /home/claudio/dist/strop.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/time.so -> /home/claudio/dist/time.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/unicodedata.so -> /home/claudio/dist/unicodedata.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/zlib.so -> /home/claudio/dist/zlib.so

请注意，对于较大的项目，可能会出现“缺少模块”的错误。如果您确定它们已安装，可以使用--include-modules开关手动指向它们以在cx_freeze中使用。有关完整的帮助，请参见cxfreeze --help。

您还可以制作一个setup.py文件，使“cxfreezing”类似于我们通常安装Python软件包的方式，而不是直接从命令行执行。这篇文章甚至为一个类似于您的wxPython项目做了这个事情：A cx_Freeze Tutorial – Build a Binary Series!

- Claudio

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你觉得 @Tendou Kishi 这个答案有用吗？如果有的话，请考虑给它投票支持。谢谢！ - Claudio

Answer 2

一些能够帮助您实现此目标的项目包括 py2exe、cx_freeze 和 pyinstaller。请注意，它们所做的并不是传统意义上的“编译”。相反，它们可以将 Python 解释器和程序所需的所有库捆绑到单个可执行文件中。

- Eli Bendersky

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我认为py2exe已经过时了。www.py2exe.org说py2exe是一个Python Distutils扩展，可以将Python脚本转换为可执行的Windows程序，无需安装Python即可运行。但我需要制作的是Linux可执行文件，而不是Windows。由于现在已经很晚了，我会在明天尝试另外两种方法。 - 絢瀬絵里

Answer 3

我没有在 Linux 上部署应用程序的经验 - 但当你打包应用程序以供 apt-get 使用时，你无法添加依赖项吗？ 我经常安装可以引入其他库的软件包。好像你可以为 wx 这样做。

- japreiss