如何从Windows服务本身获取服务名称

Question

我有一堆使用相同的可执行文件但具有不同配置的 .NET win 服务。所有服务都写入同一个日志文件。然而，由于使用了相同的 .exe 文件，因此服务不知道自己的服务名称以将其放入日志文件中。

我的服务是否可以通过编程方式检索自己的名称？

- Andriy Volkov

Answer 1

通过查看Microsoft如何为SQL Server服务做到这一点，可以获得见解。在“服务”控制面板中，我们看到：

服务名称：MSSQLServer

可执行文件路径：“C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Binn\sqlservr.exe” -sMSSQLSERVER

请注意，服务名称作为命令行参数包含在内。 这是在运行时向服务提供的方法。 通过一些工作，我们可以在.NET中完成同样的事情。

基本步骤：

1. 使安装程序将服务名称作为安装程序参数接收。
2. 进行API调用以设置服务的命令行，以便包括服务名称。
3. 修改Main方法以检查命令行并设置ServiceBase.ServiceName属性。 Main方法通常在名为Program.cs的文件中。

安装/卸载命令

要安装该服务（可以省略/Name以使用DEFAULT_SERVICE_NAME）：

installutil.exe /Name=YourServiceName YourService.exe

卸载服务（/ Name从不需要，因为它存储在stateSaver中）：

installutil.exe /u YourService.exe

安装程序代码示例：

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Configuration.Install;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.ServiceProcess;

namespace TestService
{
    [RunInstaller(true)]
    public class ProjectInstaller : Installer
    {
        private const string DEFAULT_SERVICE_NAME = "TestService";
        private const string DISPLAY_BASE_NAME = "Test Service";

        private ServiceProcessInstaller _ServiceProcessInstaller;
        private ServiceInstaller _ServiceInstaller;

        public ProjectInstaller()
        {
            _ServiceProcessInstaller = new ServiceProcessInstaller();
            _ServiceInstaller = new ServiceInstaller();

            _ServiceProcessInstaller.Account = ServiceAccount.LocalService;
            _ServiceProcessInstaller.Password = null;
            _ServiceProcessInstaller.Username = null;

            this.Installers.AddRange(new System.Configuration.Install.Installer[] {
                _ServiceProcessInstaller,
                _ServiceInstaller});
        }

        public override void Install(IDictionary stateSaver)
        {
            if (this.Context != null && this.Context.Parameters.ContainsKey("Name"))
                stateSaver["Name"] = this.Context.Parameters["Name"];
            else
                stateSaver["Name"] = DEFAULT_SERVICE_NAME;

            ConfigureInstaller(stateSaver);

            base.Install(stateSaver);

            IntPtr hScm = OpenSCManager(null, null, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
            if (hScm == IntPtr.Zero)
                throw new Win32Exception();
            try
            {
                IntPtr hSvc = OpenService(hScm, this._ServiceInstaller.ServiceName, SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
                if (hSvc == IntPtr.Zero)
                    throw new Win32Exception();
                try
                {
                    QUERY_SERVICE_CONFIG oldConfig;
                    uint bytesAllocated = 8192; // Per documentation, 8K is max size.
                    IntPtr ptr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal((int)bytesAllocated);
                    try
                    {
                        uint bytesNeeded;
                        if (!QueryServiceConfig(hSvc, ptr, bytesAllocated, out bytesNeeded))
                        {
                            throw new Win32Exception();
                        }
                        oldConfig = (QUERY_SERVICE_CONFIG)Marshal.PtrToStructure(ptr, typeof(QUERY_SERVICE_CONFIG));
                    }
                    finally
                    {
                        Marshal.FreeHGlobal(ptr);
                    }

                    string newBinaryPathAndParameters = oldConfig.lpBinaryPathName + " /s:" + (string)stateSaver["Name"];

                    if (!ChangeServiceConfig(hSvc, SERVICE_NO_CHANGE, SERVICE_NO_CHANGE, SERVICE_NO_CHANGE,
                    newBinaryPathAndParameters, null, IntPtr.Zero, null, null, null, null))
                        throw new Win32Exception();
                }
                finally
                {
                    if (!CloseServiceHandle(hSvc))
                        throw new Win32Exception();
                }
            }
            finally
            {
                if (!CloseServiceHandle(hScm))
                    throw new Win32Exception();
            }
        }

        public override void Rollback(IDictionary savedState)
        {
            ConfigureInstaller(savedState);
            base.Rollback(savedState);
        }

        public override void Uninstall(IDictionary savedState)
        {
            ConfigureInstaller(savedState);
            base.Uninstall(savedState);
        }

        private void ConfigureInstaller(IDictionary savedState)
        {
            _ServiceInstaller.ServiceName = (string)savedState["Name"];
            _ServiceInstaller.DisplayName = DISPLAY_BASE_NAME + " (" + _ServiceInstaller.ServiceName + ")";
        }

        [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
        private static extern IntPtr OpenSCManager(
            string lpMachineName,
            string lpDatabaseName,
            uint dwDesiredAccess);

        [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
        private static extern IntPtr OpenService(
            IntPtr hSCManager,
            string lpServiceName,
            uint dwDesiredAccess);

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
        private struct QUERY_SERVICE_CONFIG
        {
            public uint dwServiceType;
            public uint dwStartType;
            public uint dwErrorControl;
            public string lpBinaryPathName;
            public string lpLoadOrderGroup;
            public uint dwTagId;
            public string lpDependencies;
            public string lpServiceStartName;
            public string lpDisplayName;
        }

        [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
        [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
        private static extern bool QueryServiceConfig(
            IntPtr hService,
            IntPtr lpServiceConfig,
            uint cbBufSize,
            out uint pcbBytesNeeded);

        [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
        [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
        private static extern bool ChangeServiceConfig(
            IntPtr hService,
            uint dwServiceType,
            uint dwStartType,
            uint dwErrorControl,
            string lpBinaryPathName,
            string lpLoadOrderGroup,
            IntPtr lpdwTagId,
            string lpDependencies,
            string lpServiceStartName,
            string lpPassword,
            string lpDisplayName);

        [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
        [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
        private static extern bool CloseServiceHandle(
            IntPtr hSCObject);

        private const uint SERVICE_NO_CHANGE = 0xffffffffu;
        private const uint SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS = 0xf003fu;
        private const uint SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS = 0xf01ffu;
    }
}

主要代码示例：

using System;
using System.ServiceProcess;

namespace TestService
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string serviceName = null;
            foreach (string s in args)
            {
                if (s.StartsWith("/s:", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                {
                    serviceName = s.Substring("/s:".Length);
                }
            }

            if (serviceName == null)
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Service name not specified on command line.");

            // Substitute the name of your class that inherits from ServiceBase.

            TestServiceImplementation impl = new TestServiceImplementation();
            impl.ServiceName = serviceName;
            ServiceBase.Run(impl);
        }
    }

    class TestServiceImplementation : ServiceBase
    {
        protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
        {
            // Your service implementation here.
        }
    }
}

- Jason Kresowaty

---

我正在使用WiX安装我的服务，所以我不需要所有的安装程序内容，我可以直接在ServiceInstaller元素中指定参数，但是将名称作为参数传递的整个想法真是太棒了，非常感谢您的答案！！！ - Andriy Volkov

非常出色的写作。应该被包括在MSDN关于设置服务的文章中。 - Alex Beynenson

感谢分享您是如何通过检查MSSQLSERVER服务来得出结论的。这篇文章https://dev59.com/uk7Sa4cB1Zd3GeqP2Eap#5634199展示了一个非常简单的替代方法。 - paulroho

Answer 2

我在VB中使用这个函数

Private Function GetServiceName() As String
    Try
        Dim processId = Process.GetCurrentProcess().Id
        Dim query = "SELECT * FROM Win32_Service where ProcessId  = " & processId.ToString
        Dim searcher As New Management.ManagementObjectSearcher(query)
        Dim share As Management.ManagementObject
        For Each share In searcher.Get()
            Return share("Name").ToString()
        Next share
    Catch ex As Exception
        Dim a = 0
    End Try
    Return "DefaultServiceName"
End Function

- Jony Rocket

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我不知道你可以通过进程ID从WMI获取ServiceName，谢谢！ - Andriy Volkov