在Swift中使用UIActivityViewController分享文本或图像的基本示例

Question

我开始搜索想知道如何在iOS中分享到其他应用程序。我发现有两种重要的方法：

• UIActivityViewController
• UIDocumentInteractionController

这些方法和其他方法在这个SO答案中进行了比较。

通常，当我学习一个新概念时，我喜欢看一个基本示例来让我开始。一旦我设置了基本内容，我可以稍后根据自己的需求进行修改。

有很多与UIActivityViewController相关的SO问题，但我找不到只是要求简单示例的问题。因为我刚刚学会如何做到这一点，所以我将在下面提供我的答案。欢迎添加更好的答案（或Objective-C版本）。

- Suragch

Answer 1

UIActivityViewController示例项目

在故事板中设置两个按钮并将它们连接到您的视图控制器（请参见下面的代码）。

向Assets.xcassets添加一张图片。我把我的叫做“lion”。

代码

import UIKit
class ViewController: UIViewController {
    
    // share text
    @IBAction func shareTextButton(_ sender: UIButton) {
        
        // text to share
        let text = "This is some text that I want to share."
        
        // set up activity view controller
        let textToShare = [ text ]
        let activityViewController = UIActivityViewController(activityItems: textToShare, applicationActivities: nil)
        activityViewController.popoverPresentationController?.sourceView = self.view // so that iPads won't crash
        
        // exclude some activity types from the list (optional)
        activityViewController.excludedActivityTypes = [ UIActivity.ActivityType.airDrop, UIActivity.ActivityType.postToFacebook ]
        
        // present the view controller
        self.present(activityViewController, animated: true, completion: nil)
        
    }
    
    // share image
    @IBAction func shareImageButton(_ sender: UIButton) {
        
        // image to share
        let image = UIImage(named: "Image")
        
        // set up activity view controller
        let imageToShare = [ image! ]
        let activityViewController = UIActivityViewController(activityItems: imageToShare, applicationActivities: nil)
        activityViewController.popoverPresentationController?.sourceView = self.view // so that iPads won't crash
        
        // exclude some activity types from the list (optional)
        activityViewController.excludedActivityTypes = [ UIActivity.ActivityType.airDrop, UIActivity.ActivityType.postToFacebook ]
        
        // present the view controller
        self.present(activityViewController, animated: true, completion: nil)
    }
    
}

结果

点击“分享一些文本”将在左侧给出结果，点击“分享一张图片”将在右侧给出结果。

注释

• 我使用iOS 11和Swift 4进行了重新测试。由于超时而需要在模拟器中运行几次才能使其工作。这可能是因为我的电脑速度较慢。
• 如果您希望隐藏其中的一些选项，可以使用上面代码中所示的excludedActivityTypes来实现。
• 不包含popoverPresentationController?.sourceView这一行会导致您的应用在iPad上运行时崩溃。
• 这不允许您将文本或图像共享到其他应用程序。您可能需要使用UIDocumentInteractionController。

另请参阅

• 通过UIActivityViewController向您的Swift应用程序添加共享功能
• 来自NSHipster的UIActivityViewController
• UIActivityViewController文档
• 共享扩展文档
• 与UIDocumentInteractionController的比较

- Suragch

---

为什么有些示例显示一个项目的数组，而有些则显示两个？假设共享一张图片。 - Lim Thye Chean

@ Suragch：你好，我想在文本中分享一个推荐码，并希望在单击或点击时将该代码复制，就像发送数字时发生的那样。 - Ishika

Answer 2

分享：文本

@IBAction func shareOnlyText(_ sender: UIButton) {
    let text = "This is the text....."
    let textShare = [ text ]
    let activityViewController = UIActivityViewController(activityItems: textShare , applicationActivities: nil)
    activityViewController.popoverPresentationController?.sourceView = self.view 
    self.present(activityViewController, animated: true, completion: nil)
}
}

分享：图像

@IBAction func shareOnlyImage(_ sender: UIButton) {
    let image = UIImage(named: "Product")
    let imageShare = [ image! ]
    let activityViewController = UIActivityViewController(activityItems: imageShare , applicationActivities: nil)
    activityViewController.popoverPresentationController?.sourceView = self.view 
    self.present(activityViewController, animated: true, completion: nil)
 }

分享：文本 - 图片 - URL

   @IBAction func shareAll(_ sender: UIButton) {
    let text = "This is the text...."
    let image = UIImage(named: "Product")
    let myWebsite = NSURL(string:"https://stackoverflow.com/users/4600136/mr-javed-multani?tab=profile")
    let shareAll= [text , image! , myWebsite]
    let activityViewController = UIActivityViewController(activityItems: shareAll, applicationActivities: nil)
    activityViewController.popoverPresentationController?.sourceView = self.view 
    self.present(activityViewController, animated: true, completion: nil)
   }

- Mr.Javed Multani

---

嗨，它没起作用。在Facebook上只分享了链接而没有图片和文字。 - Ekta Padaliya

根据Facebook的更新政策，只能分享URL或图像，无法分享文本。@EktaPadaliya - Awais Fayyaz

@Mr.JavedMultani 在 WhatsApp 中未分享图像。 - NickCoder

嗨，我想要在数组中选择音频和文本，然后只显示文本以进行共享。如何将您的应用程序徽标添加为共享意图中的默认音频文件徽标。 - Haider Awan

@Harsha 上面的例子是针对文本-图像-URL的，如果您想分享文件，则需要提及从文档目录/本地传递路径。 - Mr.Javed Multani

Answer 3

请注意，您也可以在iPad上使用此方法：

activityViewController.popoverPresentationController?.sourceView = sender

因此，弹出窗口从发送者（在这种情况下为按钮）弹出。

- Adrien Brecheteau

---

activityViewController.popoverPresentationController?.sourceView = sender as? UIView 这行代码对我来说有效。 :) 谢谢 - Brian Bird

分享框在iPad上无法弹出。这个修复了我遇到的iPad问题！ - Asp Upload

Answer 4

如果您想分享整个屏幕，我发现这个方法完美无缺。

@IBAction func shareButton(_ sender: Any) {

    let bounds = UIScreen.main.bounds
    UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions(bounds.size, true, 0.0)
    self.view.drawHierarchy(in: bounds, afterScreenUpdates: false)
    let img = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext()
    UIGraphicsEndImageContext()
    let activityViewController = UIActivityViewController(activityItems: [img!], applicationActivities: nil)
    activityViewController.popoverPresentationController?.sourceView = self.view
    self.present(activityViewController, animated: true, completion: nil)
}

- Diavel Rider

Answer 5

我使用了上面的实现方式，但刚刚才发现它在运行iOS 13的iPad上无法正常工作。为了让它正常运行，我必须在present()调用之前添加这些代码。

//avoiding to crash on iPad
if let popoverController = activityViewController.popoverPresentationController {
     popoverController.sourceRect = CGRect(x: UIScreen.main.bounds.width / 2, y: UIScreen.main.bounds.height / 2, width: 0, height: 0)
     popoverController.sourceView = self.view
     popoverController.permittedArrowDirections = UIPopoverArrowDirection(rawValue: 0)
}

这就是对我起作用的方式

func shareData(_ dataToShare: [Any]){

        let activityViewController = UIActivityViewController(activityItems: dataToShare, applicationActivities: nil)

        //exclude some activity types from the list (optional)
        //activityViewController.excludedActivityTypes = [
            //UIActivity.ActivityType.postToFacebook
        //]

        //avoiding to crash on iPad
        if let popoverController = activityViewController.popoverPresentationController {
            popoverController.sourceRect = CGRect(x: UIScreen.main.bounds.width / 2, y: UIScreen.main.bounds.height / 2, width: 0, height: 0)
            popoverController.sourceView = self.view
            popoverController.permittedArrowDirections = UIPopoverArrowDirection(rawValue: 0)
        }

        self.present(activityViewController, animated: true, completion: nil)
    }

- Bréndal Teixeira

Answer 6

你可以使用我在项目辅助类中编写的以下函数。只需要调用：

showShareActivity(msg:"message", image: nil, url: nil, sourceRect: nil) 

它适用于iPhone和iPad。如果您通过sourceRect传递任何视图的CGRect值，它也会在iPad上显示一个小箭头。

func topViewController()-> UIViewController{
    var topViewController:UIViewController = UIApplication.shared.keyWindow!.rootViewController!

    while ((topViewController.presentedViewController) != nil) {
        topViewController = topViewController.presentedViewController!;
    }

    return topViewController
}

func showShareActivity(msg:String?, image:UIImage?, url:String?, sourceRect:CGRect?){
    var objectsToShare = [AnyObject]()

    if let url = url {
        objectsToShare = [url as AnyObject]
    }

    if let image = image {
        objectsToShare = [image as AnyObject]
    }

    if let msg = msg {
        objectsToShare = [msg as AnyObject]
    }

    let activityVC = UIActivityViewController(activityItems: objectsToShare, applicationActivities: nil)
    activityVC.modalPresentationStyle = .popover
    activityVC.popoverPresentationController?.sourceView = topViewController().view
    if let sourceRect = sourceRect {
        activityVC.popoverPresentationController?.sourceRect = sourceRect
    }

    topViewController().present(activityVC, animated: true, completion: nil)
}

- Mahmud Ahsan

---

完美运行！ - Ravindra_Bhati

可以用[url, image, msg].compactMap({ $0 })替换掉一系列的if语句。 - Avi

当您尝试同时发送图像和消息时，此解决方案无法通过WhatsApp进行共享。 - Shankar

Answer 7

iOS分享文本或图像

展示UIActivityViewController

let controller = UIActivityViewController(activityItems: [someObject], applicationActivities: nil) 
//someObject can be UIImage, NSURL, String... iOS decide how to handle it properly

controller.popoverPresentationController?.sourceView = self.view

//add completionWithItemsHandler
controller.completionWithItemsHandler = {
    (
        activityType: UIActivity.ActivityType?,
        completed: Bool,
        arrayReturnedItems: [Any]?,
        error: Error?
    ) in
    
    if let error = error {
        //error occured
        return
    }
    
    if completed {
        if let activityType = activityType {
            switch activityType {
            case .saveToCameraRoll:
                break
            case .copyToPasteboard:
                break
            case .addToReadingList:
                break
            case .airDrop:
                break
            default:
                //all others
                break
            }
        }
    } else {
        //Cancel
    }
}

self.present(controller, animated: true)

将图像保存到库中

如果您要将图像保存到库中，请在应用的.plist文件中添加NSPhotoLibraryAddUsageDescription，否则会出现运行时错误：

此应用程序崩溃，因为它尝试访问敏感数据而没有使用说明。应用程序的Info.plist必须包含一个带有字符串值的NSPhotoLibraryAddUsageDescription键，向用户解释应用程序如何使用这些数据。

此外，您还可以排除此机会：

controller.excludedActivityTypes = [.saveToCameraRoll]

具有 completionWithItemsHandler 变种，可帮助添加后处理逻辑或处理错误。

例如，在相应的处理程序中将 UIImage 保存到照片库时遇到了以下错误：

Error Domain=ALAssetsLibraryErrorDomain Code=-1 "未知错误" UserInfo={NSLocalizedDescription=未知错误, NSUnderlyingError=0x600003f85110 {Error Domain=PHPhotosErrorDomain Code=3303 "(null)"}}

经过分析，我尝试保存 CIImage。作为一种替代方法，您可以将其转换为 CGImage

let context = CIContext()
guard let cgImage = context.createCGImage(output, from: output.extent) else { return nil }
return UIImage(cgImage: cgImage)

自定义UIActivityViewController

class ImageActivityItemSource: NSObject, UIActivityItemSource {
    let image: UIImage
    let title: String
    
    public init(image: UIImage, title: String) {
        self.image = image
        self.title = title
    }
    
    func activityViewControllerPlaceholderItem(_ activityViewController: UIActivityViewController) -> Any {
        return self.image
    }
    
    func activityViewController(_ activityViewController: UIActivityViewController, itemForActivityType activityType: UIActivity.ActivityType?) -> Any? {
        return self.image
    }
    
    public func activityViewControllerLinkMetadata(_ activityViewController: UIActivityViewController) -> LPLinkMetadata? {
        let image = self.image
        let imageProvider = NSItemProvider(object: image)
        let metadata = LPLinkMetadata()
        metadata.title = self.title
        metadata.imageProvider = imageProvider
        return metadata
    }
}

使用：

let imageActivityItemSource = ImageActivityItemSource(image: image, title: "Share this image with others")
let ac = UIActivityViewController(activityItems: [imageActivityItemSource], applicationActivities: nil)

- yoAlex5