这种实现的一个很好的例子可以在这篇简短的文章中看到:http://ai.intelligentonlinetools.com/ml/text-clustering-word-embedding-machine-learning/ 我想使用BERT做同样的事情(使用来自Hugging Face的BERT python包),但是我不太熟悉如何提取原始的单词/句子向量以便将它们输入到聚类算法中。我知道BERT可以输出句子表示 - 那么我应该如何从句子中提取原始向量?
任何信息都会有所帮助。
您可以使用Sentence Transformers生成句子嵌入。这些嵌入比通过bert-as-service获取的嵌入更有意义,因为它们经过微调,使得语义上相似的句子具有更高的相似度得分。如果要聚类的句子数量在百万或更多,则可以使用基于FAISS的聚类算法,因为传统的K-means聚类算法需要二次时间。
pip install bert-serving-server # server
pip install bert-serving-client # client, independent of `bert-serving-server`
在 https://github.com/google-research/bert 下载其中一个预训练模型。
启动服务:
bert-serving-start -model_dir /your_model_directory/ -num_worker=4
为句子列表生成向量:
from bert_serving.client import BertClient
bc = BertClient()
vectors=bc.encode(your_list_of_sentences)
这将为您提供向量列表,您可以将它们写入csv文件并将任何聚类算法用于句子被转换成数字的数据。
正如Subham Kumar在提到的那样,可以使用这个Python 3库计算句子相似度:https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers
该库有一些代码示例来执行聚类:
"""
This is a more complex example on performing clustering on large scale dataset.
This examples find in a large set of sentences local communities, i.e., groups of sentences that are highly
similar. You can freely configure the threshold what is considered as similar. A high threshold will
only find extremely similar sentences, a lower threshold will find more sentence that are less similar.
A second parameter is 'min_community_size': Only communities with at least a certain number of sentences will be returned.
The method for finding the communities is extremely fast, for clustering 50k sentences it requires only 5 seconds (plus embedding comuptation).
In this example, we download a large set of questions from Quora and then find similar questions in this set.
"""
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer, util
import os
import csv
import time
# Model for computing sentence embeddings. We use one trained for similar questions detection
model = SentenceTransformer('paraphrase-MiniLM-L6-v2')
# We donwload the Quora Duplicate Questions Dataset (https://www.quora.com/q/quoradata/First-Quora-Dataset-Release-Question-Pairs)
# and find similar question in it
url = "http://qim.fs.quoracdn.net/quora_duplicate_questions.tsv"
dataset_path = "quora_duplicate_questions.tsv"
max_corpus_size = 50000 # We limit our corpus to only the first 50k questions
# Check if the dataset exists. If not, download and extract
# Download dataset if needed
if not os.path.exists(dataset_path):
print("Download dataset")
util.http_get(url, dataset_path)
# Get all unique sentences from the file
corpus_sentences = set()
with open(dataset_path, encoding='utf8') as fIn:
reader = csv.DictReader(fIn, delimiter='\t', quoting=csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL)
for row in reader:
corpus_sentences.add(row['question1'])
corpus_sentences.add(row['question2'])
if len(corpus_sentences) >= max_corpus_size:
break
corpus_sentences = list(corpus_sentences)
print("Encode the corpus. This might take a while")
corpus_embeddings = model.encode(corpus_sentences, batch_size=64, show_progress_bar=True, convert_to_tensor=True)
print("Start clustering")
start_time = time.time()
#Two parameters to tune:
#min_cluster_size: Only consider cluster that have at least 25 elements
#threshold: Consider sentence pairs with a cosine-similarity larger than threshold as similar
clusters = util.community_detection(corpus_embeddings, min_community_size=25, threshold=0.75)
print("Clustering done after {:.2f} sec".format(time.time() - start_time))
#Print for all clusters the top 3 and bottom 3 elements
for i, cluster in enumerate(clusters):
print("\nCluster {}, #{} Elements ".format(i+1, len(cluster)))
for sentence_id in cluster[0:3]:
print("\t", corpus_sentences[sentence_id])
print("\t", "...")
for sentence_id in cluster[-3:]:
print("\t", corpus_sentences[sentence_id])
"""
This is a simple application for sentence embeddings: clustering
Sentences are mapped to sentence embeddings and then k-mean clustering is applied.
"""
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
from sklearn.cluster import KMeans
embedder = SentenceTransformer('paraphrase-MiniLM-L6-v2')
# Corpus with example sentences
corpus = ['A man is eating food.',
'A man is eating a piece of bread.',
'A man is eating pasta.',
'The girl is carrying a baby.',
'The baby is carried by the woman',
'A man is riding a horse.',
'A man is riding a white horse on an enclosed ground.',
'A monkey is playing drums.',
'Someone in a gorilla costume is playing a set of drums.',
'A cheetah is running behind its prey.',
'A cheetah chases prey on across a field.'
]
corpus_embeddings = embedder.encode(corpus)
# Perform kmean clustering
num_clusters = 5
clustering_model = KMeans(n_clusters=num_clusters)
clustering_model.fit(corpus_embeddings)
cluster_assignment = clustering_model.labels_
clustered_sentences = [[] for i in range(num_clusters)]
for sentence_id, cluster_id in enumerate(cluster_assignment):
clustered_sentences[cluster_id].append(corpus[sentence_id])
for i, cluster in enumerate(clustered_sentences):
print("Cluster ", i+1)
print(cluster)
print("")
"""
This is a simple application for sentence embeddings: clustering
Sentences are mapped to sentence embeddings and then agglomerative clustering with a threshold is applied.
"""
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
from sklearn.cluster import AgglomerativeClustering
import numpy as np
embedder = SentenceTransformer('paraphrase-MiniLM-L6-v2')
# Corpus with example sentences
corpus = ['A man is eating food.',
'A man is eating a piece of bread.',
'A man is eating pasta.',
'The girl is carrying a baby.',
'The baby is carried by the woman',
'A man is riding a horse.',
'A man is riding a white horse on an enclosed ground.',
'A monkey is playing drums.',
'Someone in a gorilla costume is playing a set of drums.',
'A cheetah is running behind its prey.',
'A cheetah chases prey on across a field.'
]
corpus_embeddings = embedder.encode(corpus)
# Normalize the embeddings to unit length
corpus_embeddings = corpus_embeddings / np.linalg.norm(corpus_embeddings, axis=1, keepdims=True)
# Perform kmean clustering
clustering_model = AgglomerativeClustering(n_clusters=None, distance_threshold=1.5) #, affinity='cosine', linkage='average', distance_threshold=0.4)
clustering_model.fit(corpus_embeddings)
cluster_assignment = clustering_model.labels_
clustered_sentences = {}
for sentence_id, cluster_id in enumerate(cluster_assignment):
if cluster_id not in clustered_sentences:
clustered_sentences[cluster_id] = []
clustered_sentences[cluster_id].append(corpus[sentence_id])
for i, cluster in clustered_sentences.items():
print("Cluster ", i+1)
print(cluster)
print("")
不确定您是否仍需要,但最近有一篇论文提到如何使用文档嵌入来聚类文档,并从每个聚类中提取单词以表示主题。这是链接: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.09470.pdf, https://github.com/ddangelov/Top2Vec
受上述论文的启发,这里提到了另一种使用BERT生成句子嵌入进行主题建模的算法: https://towardsdatascience.com/topic-modeling-with-bert-779f7db187e6, https://github.com/MaartenGr/BERTopic
以上两个库提供了从语料库中提取主题的端到端解决方案。但是,如果您只对生成句子嵌入感兴趣,请查看Gensim的doc2vec(https://radimrehurek.com/gensim/models/doc2vec.html)或句子转换器(https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers),如其他答案中所述。如果您选择使用句子转换器,则建议您在特定于域的语料库上训练模型以获得良好的结果。