如果 egg 是安全的,可以将其转换为 zip 文件,但不确定如何将多个 egg 文件合并成一个 zip 文件以及如何从特定的 egg 文件中加载和运行代码,并确保其依赖项(即其他 egg 文件)在同一 zip 文件中。常见的解答是使用 py2exe,但这不是本文关心的问题。
[zart@feena ~]$ mkdir ziplib-demo
[zart@feena ~]$ cd ziplib-demo
[zart@feena ziplib-demo]$ virtualenv .
New python executable in ./bin/python
Installing setuptools.............done.
Installing pip...............done.
[zart@feena ziplib-demo]$ bin/pip install --install-option --install-lib=$PWD/unpacked waitress
Downloading/unpacking waitress
Downloading waitress-0.8.5.tar.gz (112kB): 112kB downloaded
Running setup.py egg_info for package waitress
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): setuptools in ./lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg (from waitress)
Installing collected packages: waitress
Running setup.py install for waitress
Installing waitress-serve script to /home/zart/ziplib-demo/bin
Successfully installed waitress
Cleaning up...
更新:现在pip有-t <path>
开关,它做的事情与--install-option --install-lib=
相同。
现在让我们把它们全部打包成一个zip文件。
[zart@feena ziplib-demo]$ cd unpacked
[zart@feena unpacked]$ ls
waitress waitress-0.8.5-py2.7.egg-info
[zart@feena unpacked]$ zip -r9 ../library.zip *
adding: waitress/ (stored 0%)
adding: waitress/receiver.py (deflated 71%)
adding: waitress/server.pyc (deflated 64%)
adding: waitress/utilities.py (deflated 62%)
adding: waitress/trigger.pyc (deflated 63%)
adding: waitress/trigger.py (deflated 61%)
adding: waitress/receiver.pyc (deflated 60%)
adding: waitress/adjustments.pyc (deflated 51%)
adding: waitress/compat.pyc (deflated 56%)
adding: waitress/adjustments.py (deflated 60%)
adding: waitress/server.py (deflated 68%)
adding: waitress/channel.py (deflated 72%)
adding: waitress/task.pyc (deflated 57%)
adding: waitress/tests/ (stored 0%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_regression.py (deflated 63%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_functional.py (deflated 88%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_parser.pyc (deflated 76%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_trigger.pyc (deflated 73%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_init.py (deflated 72%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_utilities.pyc (deflated 78%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_buffers.pyc (deflated 79%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_trigger.py (deflated 82%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_buffers.py (deflated 86%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_runner.py (deflated 75%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_init.pyc (deflated 69%)
adding: waitress/tests/__init__.pyc (deflated 21%)
adding: waitress/tests/support.pyc (deflated 48%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_utilities.py (deflated 73%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_channel.py (deflated 87%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_task.py (deflated 87%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_functional.pyc (deflated 82%)
adding: waitress/tests/__init__.py (deflated 5%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_compat.pyc (deflated 53%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_receiver.pyc (deflated 79%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_adjustments.py (deflated 78%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_adjustments.pyc (deflated 74%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_server.pyc (deflated 73%)
adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/ (stored 0%)
adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/filewrapper.pyc (deflated 59%)
adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/getline.py (deflated 37%)
adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/nocl.py (deflated 47%)
adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/sleepy.pyc (deflated 44%)
adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/echo.py (deflated 40%)
adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/error.py (deflated 52%)
adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/nocl.pyc (deflated 48%)
adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/getline.pyc (deflated 32%)
adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/writecb.pyc (deflated 42%)
adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/toolarge.py (deflated 37%)
adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/__init__.pyc (deflated 20%)
adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/writecb.py (deflated 50%)
adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/badcl.pyc (deflated 44%)
adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/runner.pyc (deflated 58%)
adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/__init__.py (stored 0%)
adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/filewrapper.py (deflated 74%)
adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/runner.py (deflated 41%)
adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/echo.pyc (deflated 42%)
adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/groundhog1.jpg (deflated 24%)
adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/error.pyc (deflated 48%)
adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/sleepy.py (deflated 42%)
adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/toolarge.pyc (deflated 43%)
adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/badcl.py (deflated 45%)
adding: waitress/tests/support.py (deflated 52%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_task.pyc (deflated 78%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_channel.pyc (deflated 78%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_regression.pyc (deflated 68%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_parser.py (deflated 80%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_server.py (deflated 78%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_receiver.py (deflated 87%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_compat.py (deflated 51%)
adding: waitress/tests/test_runner.pyc (deflated 72%)
adding: waitress/__init__.pyc (deflated 50%)
adding: waitress/channel.pyc (deflated 58%)
adding: waitress/runner.pyc (deflated 54%)
adding: waitress/buffers.py (deflated 74%)
adding: waitress/__init__.py (deflated 61%)
adding: waitress/runner.py (deflated 58%)
adding: waitress/parser.py (deflated 69%)
adding: waitress/compat.py (deflated 69%)
adding: waitress/buffers.pyc (deflated 69%)
adding: waitress/utilities.pyc (deflated 60%)
adding: waitress/parser.pyc (deflated 53%)
adding: waitress/task.py (deflated 72%)
adding: waitress-0.8.5-py2.7.egg-info/ (stored 0%)
adding: waitress-0.8.5-py2.7.egg-info/dependency_links.txt (stored 0%)
adding: waitress-0.8.5-py2.7.egg-info/installed-files.txt (deflated 83%)
adding: waitress-0.8.5-py2.7.egg-info/top_level.txt (stored 0%)
adding: waitress-0.8.5-py2.7.egg-info/PKG-INFO (deflated 65%)
adding: waitress-0.8.5-py2.7.egg-info/not-zip-safe (stored 0%)
adding: waitress-0.8.5-py2.7.egg-info/SOURCES.txt (deflated 71%)
adding: waitress-0.8.5-py2.7.egg-info/entry_points.txt (deflated 33%)
adding: waitress-0.8.5-py2.7.egg-info/requires.txt (deflated 5%)
[zart@feena unpacked]$ cd ..
zip -r9 library.zip unpacked
命令来压缩。
检查结果:
[zart@feena ziplib-demo]$ PYTHONPATH=library.zip python
Python 2.7.1 (r271:86832, Apr 12 2011, 16:15:16)
[GCC 4.6.0 20110331 (Red Hat 4.6.0-2)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import waitress
>>> waitress
<module 'waitress' from '/home/zart/ziplib-demo/library.zip/waitress/__init__.pyc'>
>>>
>>> from wsgiref.simple_server import demo_app
>>> waitress.serve(demo_app)
serving on http://0.0.0.0:8080
^C>>>
更新:自Python 3.5以来,还有zipapp模块可帮助将整个包捆绑成.pyz文件。对于更复杂的需求,pyinstaller、py2exe或py2app可能更适合您的需求。
您可以使用标准库中的zipapp模块来创建可执行的 Python zip 归档文件。该模块自 Python 3.5 版本开始提供。
创建一个捆绑包的方法是添加一个名为__main__.py
的顶层文件,这个文件将是 Python 运行 zip 可执行归档文件时要运行的脚本。
假设您的目录结构现在是这样的:
└── myapp
├── __main__.py
├── myprog1.py
└── myprog2.py
如果你的代码有外部依赖项(例如在名为 requirements.txt
的文件中列出),请使用以下命令将它们安装到目录中:
pip3 install -r requirements.txt --target myapp/
注意1:这将使用外部依赖填充myapp/
目录。
注意2:Debian / Ubuntu用户可能需要使用--system
选项来运行pip3
,因为Debian / Ubuntu版本的pip似乎默认使用--user
。
然后,使用以下命令创建zip可执行档案:
python3 -m zipapp myapp/
这将创建一个名为myapp.pyz
的zip可执行归档文件,您可以通过运行以下命令来执行它:
这将创建一个名为myapp.pyz
的zip可执行归档文件,您可以通过运行以下命令来执行它:
python3 myapp.pyz
当执行zip可执行归档文件时,运行的是__main__.py
。
如果除了Python脚本外,您还需要包含其他数据文件(例如文本文件,PNG图像等),供Python脚本使用,请参见:python: can executable zip files include data files?
如果ZIP文件中包含顶层的__main__.py[c]文件,Python将执行ZIP文件,就好像它们是单个脚本一样。然后,包引入还会检查__main__是否在ZIP文件内执行。
所以,请创建您的setup.py(这里重要的是py_modules = ['__main__']
,以及指定所有包和其他模块)。
然后运行python setup.py bdist --format zip
来创建ZIP文件。现在,如果您希望它可以被执行,可以执行以下操作。此时,您可以像执行任何其他Python脚本一样执行生成的ZIP文件。
对于Linux/Mac用户来说,阅读这篇文章可以提高便利性,虽然这可能不是您的情况,因为您提到了py2exe。
echo '#!/usr/bin/env python' > my_executable_zip
cat output_of_setup_py_bdist.zip >> my_executable_zip
chmod +x my_executable_zip
这只是将一个#!行添加到zip文件的开头,以便在Shell中运行时您不需要指定解释器。此时,您可以像系统上的任何其他二进制文件一样执行它,尽管实际上它是一个装满Python代码的压缩文件。我通常会创建一个Makefile来运行setup.py,然后进行这个转换。
chmod 555 ./my_executable_zip
或者 chmod +x ./my_executable_zip
。 - Chris Johnson嗯,你可以在你的{app-home-dir/packages}中创建自己的“包/蛋”(例如通过复制蛋到那里),并在setup.py(setuptools)中配置额外的文件以将其全部打包为单个分发(什么是setup.py?)。请注意,在启动应用程序主函数之前,您需要告诉Python您的外部“包/蛋”位于哪里 - 通过将{app-home-dir/packages}添加到sys.path。这是创建独立软件包的最简单方法..但是,这会涉及到依赖项及其版本、Python模块与Ansi C代码混合等危险。
你能否将所有的蛋合并成一个zip文件?如果可以,怎么做呢?
是的,你可以。Python会从添加到sys.path中的zip归档文件中加载(参见PEP 273)。如果你将所有的Python库放在一个归档文件中,该归档文件将被视为一个目录。这就是一些py2exe、bbfreeze等工具用来隔离库的方法。
至于如何操作,这实际上取决于你的蛋是如何安装的:pip、easy_install等。逻辑是检查所有依赖的蛋,并收集它们的安装路径,然后将蛋压缩到一个归档文件中。
如何从特定的蛋中加载和运行代码?
你需要定义加载和运行。如果你说的是导入模块和包,你不需要做任何特殊的事情。这里有一篇有趣的博客文章,涉及到一些注意事项Packaging Python programs as runnable ZIP files。
你如何确保那个 egg 文件中的代码可以访问所有依赖项(即 zip 文件中的其他 egg 文件)?
只要这些 egg 文件不是扩展(即 zip 安全),这就是内置的。另请参阅 zipimport。