GUI多个框架切换

Question

我正在编写一个黑杰克游戏的程序。这是一个作业，我们不允许使用GUI界面，但我正在为额外的学分而这样做。我已经创建了两个框架并且它们都可以运行。在第二个框架中，我希望能够在按下按钮时返回到第一个框架。我该怎么做呢？

第一个窗口.............

import javax.swing.* ;
import java.awt.event.* ;
import java.awt.* ;
import java.util.* ;


public class BlackJackWindow1 extends JFrame implements ActionListener
{
  private JButton play = new JButton("Play");
  private JButton exit = new JButton("Exit");
  private JPanel pane=new JPanel();
  private JLabel lbl ;

  public BlackJackWindow1()
  {
    super();
    JPanel pane=new JPanel();
    setTitle ("Black Jack!!!!!") ;
    JFrame frame = new JFrame("");

    setVisible(true);
    setSize (380, 260) ;
    setLocation (450, 200) ;
    frame.setDefaultCloseOperation (JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE) ;

    setLayout(new FlowLayout());
    play = new JButton("Start");
    exit = new JButton("exit");
    lbl = new JLabel ("Welcome to Theodores Black Jack!!!!!");

    add (lbl) ;
    add(play, BorderLayout.CENTER);
    play.addActionListener (this);
    add(exit,BorderLayout.CENTER);
    exit.addActionListener (this);
  }
  @Override
  public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
  {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    BlackJackWindow2 bl = new BlackJackWindow2();
    if (event.getSource() == play)
    {
      bl.BlackJackWindow2();
    }
    else if(event.getSource() == exit){
      System.exit(0);
    }
  }

second window....

import javax.swing.* ;

import java.awt.event.* ;
import java.awt.* ;
import java.util.* ;

public class BlackJackWindow2 extends JFrame implements ActionListener
{
  private JButton hit ;
  private JButton stay ;
  private JButton back;
  //private JLabel lbl;

  public void BlackJackWindow2() 
  {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    JPanel pane=new JPanel();
    setTitle ("Black Jack!!!!!") ;
    JFrame frame = new JFrame("");

    setVisible(true);
    setSize (380, 260) ;
    setLocation (450, 200) ;
    frame.setDefaultCloseOperation (JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE) ;

    setLayout(new FlowLayout());
    hit = new JButton("Hit");  
    stay = new JButton("stay");
    back = new JButton("return to main menu");

    // add (lbl) ;
    add(hit, BorderLayout.CENTER);  
    hit.addActionListener (this) ;
    add(stay,BorderLayout.CENTER);
    stay.addActionListener (this) ;
    add(back,BorderLayout.CENTER);
    back.addActionListener (this) ;
  }

  @Override
  public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) 
  {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    BlackJackWindow1 bl = new BlackJackWindow1();
    if (event.getSource() == hit)
    {
      //code for the game goes here i will complete later
    }
    else if(event.getSource() == stay){
      //code for game goes here i will comeplete later.
    }
    else 
    {
      //this is where i want the frame to close and go back to the original.
    }
  }
}

- namdizy

---

你可能想考虑只使用一个JFrame，并使用具有两个子面板的JTabbedPane。 - MeBigFatGuy

@MeBigFatGuy是正确的；这里有一个JTabbedPane示例链接。 - trashgod

Answer 1

第二个框架需要引用第一个框架，以便它可以将焦点设置回第一个框架。

此外，您的类扩展了JFrame，但在其构造函数中还创建了其他框架。

- jzd

---

我搜索了一下，发现我只需要在 else 语句中加入 setVisible(false); dispose(); 就可以关闭窗口并返回到原始窗口，在原始窗口中调用第二个窗口后也做同样的操作，看起来是有效的。你觉得呢？ - namdizy

如果用户最小化了第一个框架，那该怎么办？你真的想关闭第二个框架吗？如果确实是这样，那么听起来应该使用模态对话框。 - jzd

我会检查模态对话框。如果我的用户在第一帧并按下“开始”按钮，则会转到第二帧并关闭第一帧，然后当按下“返回菜单”按钮时，它将关闭第二帧并返回第一帧。因此，两个框架不会同时打开。 - namdizy

@illbliss，为什么不直接更改一个屏幕上的内容，而不是打开和关闭框架？ - jzd

Answer 2

一些建议：

您正在向使用FlowLayout的JPanel添加组件，但在执行此操作时使用了BorderLayout常量，这是不合理的，请勿这样做：

  add(play, BorderLayout.CENTER);

相反，如果使用FlowLayout，则只需添加没有这些常量的组件。

此外，您可能希望考虑使用CardLayout在单个JFrame中交换视图，而不是交换JFrames。例如：

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class FooBarBazDriver {
   private static final String INTRO = "intro";
   private static final String GAME = "game";
   private CardLayout cardlayout = new CardLayout();
   private JPanel mainPanel = new JPanel(cardlayout);
   private IntroPanel introPanel = new IntroPanel();
   private GamePanel gamePanel = new GamePanel();

   public FooBarBazDriver() {
      mainPanel.add(introPanel.getMainComponent(), INTRO);
      mainPanel.add(gamePanel.getMainComponent(), GAME);

      introPanel.addBazBtnActionListener(new ActionListener() {
         @Override
         public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            cardlayout.show(mainPanel, GAME);
         }
      });

      gamePanel.addBackBtnActionListener(new ActionListener() {
         @Override
         public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            cardlayout.show(mainPanel, INTRO);
         }
      });
   }

   private JComponent getMainComponent() {
      return mainPanel;
   }

   private static void createAndShowUI() {
      JFrame frame = new JFrame("Foo Bar Baz");
      frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
      frame.getContentPane().add(new FooBarBazDriver().getMainComponent());
      frame.pack();
      frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
      frame.setVisible(true);
   }

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
         public void run() {
            createAndShowUI();
         }
      });
   }
}

class IntroPanel {
   private JPanel mainPanel = new JPanel();
   private JButton baz = new JButton("Baz");
   private JButton exit = new JButton("Exit");

   public IntroPanel() {
      mainPanel.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
      baz = new JButton("Start");
      exit = new JButton("exit");

      mainPanel.add(new JLabel("Hello World"));
      mainPanel.add(baz);
      mainPanel.add(exit);

      exit.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
         @Override
         public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            Window win = SwingUtilities.getWindowAncestor(mainPanel);
            win.dispose();
         }
      });
   }

   public void addBazBtnActionListener(ActionListener listener) {
      baz.addActionListener(listener);
   }

   public JComponent getMainComponent() {
      return mainPanel;
   }

}

class GamePanel {
   private static final Dimension MAIN_SIZE = new Dimension(400, 200);
   private JPanel mainPanel = new JPanel();

   private JButton foo;
   private JButton bar;
   private JButton back;

   public GamePanel() {
      foo = new JButton("Foo");
      bar = new JButton("Bar");
      back = new JButton("return to main menu");

      mainPanel.add(foo);
      mainPanel.add(bar);
      mainPanel.add(back);
      mainPanel.setPreferredSize(MAIN_SIZE);
   }

   public JComponent getMainComponent() {
      return mainPanel;
   }

   public void addBackBtnActionListener(ActionListener listener) {
      back.addActionListener(listener);
   }

}

- Hovercraft Full Of Eels

Answer 3

由于我必须亲自测试它是否真的很容易实现，所以我建立了这个简单的示例。它演示了解决您问题的一个方案。受@jzd答案的启发（+1）。

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.HeadlessException;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;

public class FocusChangeTwoFrames
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() 
        {
            @Override
            public void run()
            {   
                createGUI();
            }
        });
    }

    private static void createGUI() throws HeadlessException
    {
        final JFrame f2 = new JFrame();
        f2.getContentPane().setBackground(Color.GREEN);     
        final JFrame f1 = new JFrame();     
        f1.getContentPane().setBackground(Color.RED);
        f1.setSize(400, 300);
        f1.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        f1.setVisible(true);
        MouseListener ml = new MouseAdapter()
        {
            @Override
            public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e)
            {
                if(f1.hasFocus())
                    f2.requestFocus();
                else
                    f1.requestFocus();
            }
        };
        f1.addMouseListener(ml);
        f2.setSize(400, 300);
        f2.setLocation(200, 150);
        f2.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        f2.setVisible(true);
        f2.addMouseListener(ml);
    }
}

享受吧，Boro。

- Boro