如何以编程方式配置TransactionManager

Question

我这里有一个基于Spring MVC的应用程序。我的同事（顺便说一句，他不在这里）通过编程方式进行了配置，似乎一切正常，除了TransactionManager。我从来没有像这样配置过Spring Web应用程序，也不知道该怎么做，也找不到关于如何配置Web应用程序的任何文档。

我只会展示'AppInitializer'和'EntityManagerConfig'。

AppInitializer：

public class AppInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {

@Override
public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
    AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext context;
    ServletRegistration.Dynamic dispatcherServletRegistration;
    FilterRegistration.Dynamic encodingFilterRegistration, compressionFilterRegistration;
    Set<SessionTrackingMode> sessionTrackingModes = new HashSet<SessionTrackingMode>();

    sessionTrackingModes.add(SessionTrackingMode.SSL);

    context = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
    context.setServletContext(servletContext);
    context.scan("de.devbliss.doc");

    servletContext.addListener(new ContextLoaderListener(context));
    servletContext.addListener(new Log4jConfigListener());

    dispatcherServletRegistration = servletContext.addServlet("main", new DispatcherServlet(context));
    dispatcherServletRegistration.setLoadOnStartup(1);
    dispatcherServletRegistration.addMapping("/*");

    encodingFilterRegistration = servletContext.addFilter("encodingFilter", CharacterEncodingFilter.class);
    encodingFilterRegistration.setInitParameter("encoding", "UTF-8");
    encodingFilterRegistration.setInitParameter("forceEncoding", "true");
    encodingFilterRegistration.addMappingForUrlPatterns(null, false, "/*");

    compressionFilterRegistration = servletContext.addFilter("compressionFilter", GzipFilter.class);
    compressionFilterRegistration.addMappingForUrlPatterns(null, false, "/*");

    compressionFilterRegistration = servletContext.addFilter("springSecurityFilterChain",
            DelegatingFilterProxy.class);
    compressionFilterRegistration.addMappingForUrlPatterns(null, false, "/*");

    servletContext.setSessionTrackingModes(sessionTrackingModes);
}
}

实体管理器配置:

@Configuration
@PropertySource("classpath:/db.properties")
public class EntityManagerConfig {

@Bean
public DataSource dataSource(Environment env) {
    BasicDataSource ds = new BasicDataSource();

    ds.setUrl(env.getProperty("url", "localhost"));
    ds.setUsername(env.getProperty("user", "blissdoc"));
    ds.setPassword(env.getProperty("password", "s3cret"));

    return ds;
}

@Bean
@Inject
public LocalSessionFactoryBean sessionFactory(DataSource dataSource) {
    LocalSessionFactoryBean factory = new LocalSessionFactoryBean();

    factory.setDataSource(dataSource);

    return factory;
}

@Bean
public HibernateTransactionManager transactionManager(
        SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
    HibernateTransactionManager tm = new HibernateTransactionManager(
            sessionFactory);
    return tm;
}

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Bean
@Inject
public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManager(
        DataSource dataSource, AbstractEnvironment env) {
    LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean em = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
    HibernateJpaVendorAdapter jpaVendorAdapter = new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter();
    HibernateJpaDialect jpaDialect = new HibernateJpaDialect();
    org.springframework.core.env.PropertySource<?> source;
    Iterator<org.springframework.core.env.PropertySource<?>> sources;

    // jpaVendorAdapter.setDatabase(Database.MYSQL);

    jpaVendorAdapter.setGenerateDdl(true);
    jpaVendorAdapter.setShowSql(true);

    Properties jpaProperties = new Properties();

    sources = env.getPropertySources().iterator();
    while (sources.hasNext()) {
        source = sources.next();
        if (source.getSource() instanceof Map) {
            for (Map.Entry<String, String> property : ((Map<String, String>) source
                    .getSource()).entrySet()) {
                jpaProperties.put(property.getKey(), property.getValue());
            }
        }
    }

    em.setJpaProperties(jpaProperties);

    em.setDataSource(dataSource);
    em.setPersistenceUnitName("blissdoc-unit");
    em.setPackagesToScan("de.devbliss.doc.model");
    em.setJpaDialect(jpaDialect);
    em.setJpaVendorAdapter(jpaVendorAdapter);

    return em;
}

// @Bean
// @Inject
// public JpaTransactionManager jpaTransactionManager(
// EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory) {
// JpaTransactionManager tm = new JpaTransactionManager(
// entityManagerFactory);
// return tm;
// }

@Bean
@Inject
public JpaRepositoryFactory jpaRepositoryFactory(
        EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory) {
    JpaRepositoryFactory factory = new JpaRepositoryFactory(
            entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager());
    return factory;
}

@Bean
@Inject
public UserRepository userRepository(
        JpaRepositoryFactory jpaRepositoryFactory) {
    return jpaRepositoryFactory.getRepository(UserRepository.class);
}

@Bean
@Inject
public ProjectRepository projectRepository(
        JpaRepositoryFactory jpaRepositoryFactory) {
    return jpaRepositoryFactory.getRepository(ProjectRepository.class);
}
}

--- 更新PersistenceJPAConfig（原实体管理器配置）：

@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
@PropertySource("classpath:/db.properties")
public class PersistenceJPAConfig {

@Inject
private Environment env;

@Bean
public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactoryBean() {
    LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean factoryBean = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
    factoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource());
    factoryBean.setPackagesToScan(new String[] { "de.devbliss.doc" });
    JpaVendorAdapter vendorAdapter = new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter() {
        {
            // JPA properties
        }
    };
    factoryBean.setJpaVendorAdapter(vendorAdapter);

    return factoryBean;
}

@Bean
public DataSource dataSource() {
    DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
    dataSource.setUrl(env.getProperty("url", "localhost"));
    dataSource.setUsername(env.getProperty("user", "blissdoc"));
    dataSource.setPassword(env.getProperty("password", "s3cret"));
    return dataSource;
}

@Bean
public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() {
    JpaTransactionManager transactionManager = new JpaTransactionManager();
    transactionManager.setEntityManagerFactory(entityManagerFactoryBean()
            .getObject());

    return transactionManager;
}

@Bean
public PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor exceptionTranslation() {
    return new PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor();
}
}

- dwalldorf

---

这是TransactionManager的链接，http://static.springsource.org/spring/docs/2.0.x/reference/transaction.html - Arham

这个链接只描述了基于XML配置的TransactionManager，但我必须坚持使用编程配置。 - dwalldorf

本节仅描述编程式事务管理，不包括TransactionManager的编程式配置。此文档部分适用于Spring 2.0版本。据我所知，该版本尚未完全支持编程式配置。 - dwalldorf

据我所记，这些基于注解的配置（它并不是真正的“编程式”）只是除了 XML 之外向 Spring 提供配置的另一种方式。理念应该是相同的，不是吗？那么这个配置为什么“不起作用”呢？ - Adrian Shum

目前看来，配置本身似乎是有效的，但Jetty仍然显示“未配置事务管理器”。已在顶部帖子中更新了配置。为什么不应该是编程配置呢？ - dwalldorf

Answer 1

@Configuration 特定于自定义 XML 元素（例如 <tx:annotation-driven>）的对应项是 @Enable... 注解。

为了启用 @Transactional 支持，您需要在您的 @Configuration 类上添加 @EnableTransactionManagement 注释：

@Configuration 
@PropertySource("classpath:/db.properties") 
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class EntityManagerConfig { ... }

相关阅读:

• @EnableTransactionManagement：该注解用于启用Spring事务管理。
• Spring 3.1 M2: 配置增强：介绍了Spring 3.1 M2版本的配置增强功能。

- axtavt

---

谢谢，已添加EnableTransactionManagement注释，但Jetty仍然声称未配置事务管理器。并请参见我的更新后的问题与新配置。 - dwalldorf

@entek：就我所记得的，Jetty 的这条消息与 Spring 事务管理无关，你可以忽略它。 - axtavt

好的，假设这条消息来自其他地方并且不重要。所以我创建一个新用户（从我的UserModel中），然后调用userRepository.save(user)。没有抛出错误，但是没有写入到数据库。如果我调用userRepository.flush()，我会得到以下消息：org.springframework.web.util.NestedServletException: Request processing failed; nested exception is javax.persistence.TransactionRequiredException: no transaction is in progress。 - dwalldorf

如果您认为有帮助的话，我可以在原始帖子中发布UserController和UserRepository。 - dwalldorf

并不是真的..问题出在TransactionManager的奇怪行为上。但我们决定接受它并保持原样。 - dwalldorf

Answer 2

你尝试过从TransactionManagementConfigurer进行扩展吗？

@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
@PropertySource("classpath:/db.properties")
public class EntityManagerConfig implements TransactionManagementConfigurer {

    ...

    @Override
    public PlatformTransactionManager annotationDrivenTransactionManager() {
        return transactionManager();
    }

    @Bean
    public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() {
        JpaTransactionManager transactionManager = new JpaTransactionManager(entityManagerFactory());
        transactionManager.setDataSource(dataSource);
        transactionManager.setJpaDialect(new HibernateJpaDialect());
        return transactionManager;
    }

    ...
}

看起来你正在使用Spring Data JPA，所以我建议你也使用@EnableJpaRepositories("com.your.repositories.package")来自动配置你的Spring Data Repositories。

希望这能有所帮助 :)

- jelies