更新的方法，将make和vscode-cpptools调试组合使用：
如果您不关心VSCode集成调试工具，这些工具将为您提供设置断点、在运行时更改变量值、检查变量值等功能，而且您希望以某种更简单、更快速、更透明的方式调用老旧的命令行工具，则可以跳过本节并查看下面的Code Runner。
默认配置的VSCode C++扩展对于低端机器来说有些慢。最糟糕的部分是它们总是会重新构建您的可执行文件，并且不支持“开始调试前启动”。以下是Linux（当然还有远程-WSL）的解决方法。
为了解决第一个问题，您需要设置make（对于简单的单个源文件编译，您只需要安装make）来构建您的源代码，并在tasks.json中设置构建任务。为了解决第二个问题，您需要创建另一个任务，仅在第一个任务完成后运行构建的可执行文件：
使用Intellisense了解每个配置属性。
tasks.json
{
"version": "2.0.0",
"presentation": {
"clear": true,
"focus": true,
"panel": "shared"
},
"tasks": [
{
"label": "make active file",
"type": "shell",
"command": "make",
"args": ["${fileBasenameNoExtension}.out"],
"problemMatcher": "$gcc",
"group": {
"kind": "build",
"isDefault": true
}
},
{
"label": "run active file executable without debuging",
"type": "shell",
"command": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.out",
"presentation": {
"clear": false
}
},
{
"label": "make and run active file without debuging",
"group": {
"kind": "test",
"isDefault": true
},
"dependsOn": [
"make active file",
"run active file executable without debuging"
],
"dependsOrder": "sequence"
}
]
}
要使用VSCode进行调试，首先确保您已将
-g编译标志添加到
Makefile的
CXXFLAGS中。
有关如何编写Makefile的快速信息，请参见this，或this，或this。或者查看此答案的最后部分。
然后，创建以下
launch.json：
launch.json
{
"version": "0.2.0",
"configurations": [
{
"name": "make and debug active file",
"type": "cppdbg",
"request": "launch",
"program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.out",
"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
"setupCommands": [
{
"description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
"text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
"ignoreFailures": true
}
],
"preLaunchTask": "${defaultBuildTask}"
}
]
}
现在您可以使用命令调色板尝试
任务：运行构建任务、
任务：运行测试任务、
调试：开始调试。
原始回答
请考虑使用Code Runner，因为对于我来说，它似乎比VSCode内置的调试程序更快，适用于练习许多小型C++代码文件。我将描述如何使用该扩展满足类似要求。
- Make sure you've configured your
PATH to include clang++ so you can invoke it from the integrated terminal.
You can also use g++ by substitute clang++ below with g++. I prefer clang++ as it provides stricter checks for C++ beginners like me.
- Install the extension.
- In your VSCode's
settings.json, consider adding the following entries:
"code-runner.clearPreviousOutput": true,
"code-runner.preserveFocus": false,
"code-runner.runInTerminal": true,
"code-runner.saveFileBeforeRun": true
- And add the last customization
code-runner.executorMap to user/workspace setting that describes which command you would like the extension to send to the terminal when current filename's extension meets the specified ones. For example:
"code-runner.executorMap": {
"cpp": "\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\bclang++ -std=c++17 $fileName -o a.out && ./a.out"
},
The above setting tells the extension, "When see a .cpp file, send 10 Backspace to terminal (to delete any mistyped characters) and call clang++ -std=c++17 *filename* -o a.out && ./a.out.
I use this command on my Linux machine, for Windows, try change the filename extension of the output file to .exe and invoke it with .\a.exe or simply a.exe.
- Finally, map the
Run Code command to your preferred keybinding in VSCode's Keyboard Shortcuts settings. Mine is to bind it to F5 which is originally bound to Debug: Continue.
快乐编程！
有关make的更新
继续阅读，了解如何通过利用GNU make避免冗余编译过程并加速案例测试。我将在Linux上进行此操作，并仅限于C++，因为我没有在Windows或OS X上使用make，而C++是ACM最好的语言。
- Make sure
make is installed and in your PATH
- Create a file named
Makefile (or makefile) under the same directory you invoke make. (Or in another directory and make -f /path/to/Makefile).
- Redefine compiler options to whatever you like in the
Makefile, e.g.:
CXX = clang++
CXXFLAGS = -std=c++17 -g -Weverything -Werror
- Create auto-target rule for
*.out in the Makefile, i.e.:
%.out: %.cpp
$(LINK.cpp) $^ $(LOADLIBES) $(LDLIBS) -o $@
Attention: must use Tab to indent the second line, not Spaces.
- Change
code-runner.executorMap to :
"code-runner.executorMap": {
"cpp": "\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\bmake $fileNameWithoutExt.out && ./$fileNameWithoutExt.out"
- (Optional) To ignore
*.out for git:
echo "*.out" >> .gitignore
- (Optional) To remove
*.out in current directory:
rm *.out
现在，
Run Code 命令将调用
make，当相应的
.cpp 文件比
.out 文件更新时，
make 将只重新生成
.out 文件，使我们能够更加顺畅地跳过编译并进行测试。
CXXFLAGS 用于 C++ 编译器选项，CFLAGS 用于 C 编译器选项。您可以使用 make -p、Google 和 GNU make 手册#自动变量 找到其他语言编译器选项及其变量名。
