我们目前正在使用NetBios方法，在XP下运行良好。在Vista下的初步测试显示也可以工作，但是有一些注意事项——例如必须存在NetBIOS，并且据我所读，适配器的顺序可能会改变。我们的备选方法——使用SNMPExtensionQuery，似乎在Vista下失效了。
问题是：你知道在Vista机器上可靠获取本地MAC地址列表的方法吗？向后兼容XP是一个加分项（我宁愿采用单一方法而不是使用很多丑陋的 #ifdef）。谢谢！
C++：如何在Vista上获取网络适配器的MAC地址？
11
- Laur
1
这篇文章需要链接：https://dev59.com/CnRA5IYBdhLWcg3wyRN7 - Prof. Falken
6个回答
21
这将为您提供计算机上所有MAC地址的列表。它也适用于所有版本的Windows：
void getdMacAddresses(std::vector<std::string> &vMacAddresses;)
{
vMacAddresses.clear();
IP_ADAPTER_INFO AdapterInfo[32]; // Allocate information for up to 32 NICs
DWORD dwBufLen = sizeof(AdapterInfo); // Save memory size of buffer
DWORD dwStatus = GetAdaptersInfo( // Call GetAdapterInfo
AdapterInfo, // [out] buffer to receive data
&dwBufLen); // [in] size of receive data buffer
//No network card? Other error?
if(dwStatus != ERROR_SUCCESS)
return;
PIP_ADAPTER_INFO pAdapterInfo = AdapterInfo;
char szBuffer[512];
while(pAdapterInfo)
{
if(pAdapterInfo->Type == MIB_IF_TYPE_ETHERNET)
{
sprintf_s(szBuffer, sizeof(szBuffer), "%.2x-%.2x-%.2x-%.2x-%.2x-%.2x"
, pAdapterInfo->Address[0]
, pAdapterInfo->Address[1]
, pAdapterInfo->Address[2]
, pAdapterInfo->Address[3]
, pAdapterInfo->Address[4]
, pAdapterInfo->Address[5]
);
vMacAddresses.push_back(szBuffer);
}
pAdapterInfo = pAdapterInfo->Next;
}
}
- Brian R. Bondy
4
嗨Brian，感谢您的提醒；同时我找到了这个链接（适用于XP及更高版本）；我想我要么选这个，要么选WMI解决方案。
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa365915(VS.85).aspx - Laur
我们在我们的主要产品中使用了这种方法已经好几年了。在Vista、2008、2003、XP、2000等操作系统中都表现良好。 - Brian R. Bondy
1而Windows 8和8.1 - syplex
即使在Win10中也能完美运行。 :) - Master James
1
这是一个旧问题，已经有答案了，但这段代码更加安全——以防WMI无法完全初始化。
为了获取关于系统的信息，这里有一个极简主义的类，试图保持安全：
注意：ToString、convertToUtf8和convertFromUtf8留给读者自己练习。:)
注意：我只展示了WMI系统的安全初始化和清除以及从WMI获取值和获取MAC地址（OP中的问题）的基础知识。
这个代码来自工作代码，但在我将其粘贴到这里时进行了修改。所以可能会漏掉其他应该包括在内的东西。糟糕。
class WmiAccessor
{
public:
WmiAccessor()
: _pWbemLocator(NULL)
, _pWbemServices(NULL)
, _com_initialized(false)
, _com_need_uninitialize(false)
, _svc_initialized(false)
, _loc_initialized(false)
, _all_initialized(false)
, _errors("")
, m_mutex()
{
HRESULT hr;
hr = ::CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_MULTITHREADED);
switch (hr)
{
case S_OK:
// The COM library was initialized successfully on this thread.
_com_initialized = true;
_com_need_uninitialize = true;
break;
case S_FALSE:
// The COM library is already initialized on this thread.
_com_initialized = true;
_com_need_uninitialize = true;
break;
case RPC_E_CHANGED_MODE:
// A previous call to CoInitializeEx specified the concurrency model
// for this thread as multithread apartment (MTA).
// This could also indicate that a change from neutral-threaded apartment to
// single-threaded apartment has occurred.
_com_initialized = true;
_com_need_uninitialize = false;
break;
default:
_com_initialized = false;
_com_need_uninitialize = false;
_errors += "Failed to initialize COM.\r\n";
return;
}
hr = ::CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL,
0 /*RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_DEFAULT*/,
3 /*RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE*/,
NULL, EOAC_NONE, NULL);
// RPC_E_TOO_LATE == Security must be initialized before!
// It cannot be changed once initialized. I don't care!
if (FAILED(hr) && (hr != RPC_E_TOO_LATE))
{
_errors += "Failed to initialize COM Security.\r\n";
if (_com_need_uninitialize)
{
::CoUninitialize();
_com_need_uninitialize = false;
}
return;
}
hr = _pWbemLocator.CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemLocator);
if (FAILED(hr) || (_pWbemLocator == nullptr))
{
_errors += "Failed to initialize WBEM Locator.\r\n";
return;
}
_loc_initialized = true;
hr = _pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(
CComBSTR(L"root\\cimv2"), NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, 0, NULL, &_pWbemServices);
if (FAILED(hr) || (_pWbemServices == nullptr))
{
_errors += "Failed to connect WBEM Locator.\r\n";
_pWbemLocator.Release();
_loc_initialized = false;
return;
}
else
{
_svc_initialized = true;
// Set security Levels on the proxy
hr = CoSetProxyBlanket(_pWbemServices,
RPC_C_AUTHN_WINNT, // RPC_C_AUTHN_xxx
RPC_C_AUTHZ_NONE, // RPC_C_AUTHZ_xxx
NULL, // Server principal name
RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CALL, // RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_xxx
RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, // RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_xxx
NULL, // client identity
EOAC_NONE // proxy capabilities
);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
_errors += "Failed to set proxy blanket.\r\n";
return;
}
}
_all_initialized = true;
}
~WmiAccessor()
{
std::unique_lock<std::mutex> slock(m_mutex);
if (_svc_initialized)
{
if (_pWbemServices)
_pWbemServices.Release();
_svc_initialized = false;
}
if (_loc_initialized)
{
if (_pWbemLocator)
_pWbemLocator.Release();
_loc_initialized = false;
}
if (_com_initialized)
{
if (_com_need_uninitialize)
{
::CoUninitialize();
}
_com_initialized = false;
_com_need_uninitialize = false;
}
_all_initialized = false;
}
// public: must lock
std::string get_and_clear_errors()
{
std::string result = "";
std::unique_lock<std::mutex> slock(m_mutex);
std::swap(result, _errors);
return result;
}
// public: must lock
std::string get_string(const std::string& name, const std::string& dflt /*= ""*/)
{
std::unique_lock<std::mutex> slock(m_mutex);
return _all_initialized ? _string(name) : dflt;
}
// public: must lock
uint32_t get_uint32(const std::string& name, uint32_t dflt /*= 0*/)
{
std::unique_lock<std::mutex> slock(m_mutex);
return _all_initialized ? _uint32(name) : dflt;
}
// similarly for other public accessors of basic types.
private:
CComPtr<IWbemLocator> _pWbemLocator;
CComPtr<IWbemServices> _pWbemServices;
volatile bool _com_initialized;
volatile bool _com_need_uninitialize;
volatile bool _svc_initialized;
volatile bool _loc_initialized;
volatile bool _all_initialized;
std::string _errors;
CComVariant _variant(const std::wstring& name);
std::string _string(const std::string& name);
uint32_t _uint32(const std::string& name);
uint16_t _uint16(const std::string& name);
uint8_t _uint8(const std::string& name);
std::vector<std::string> _macAddresses(bool forceReCalculate = false);
// to protect internal objects, public methods need to protect the internals.
//
mutable std::mutex m_mutex;
std::vector<std::string> _macs; // unlikely to change, so save them once found.
// internal: assumes inside a lock
CComVariant _variant(const std::wstring& name)
{
if (!_all_initialized)
return CComVariant();
CComPtr<IEnumWbemClassObject> pEnum;
CComBSTR cbsQuery = std::wstring(L"Select " + name + L" from Win32_OperatingSystem").c_str();
HRESULT hr = _pWbemServices->ExecQuery(
CComBSTR(L"WQL"), cbsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_FORWARD_ONLY, NULL, &pEnum);
CComVariant cvtValue;
if (FAILED(hr) || !pEnum)
{
std::wstring wquery(cbsQuery, SysStringLen(cbsQuery));
_errors += "Failed to exec WMI query: '" + convertToUtf8(wquery) + "'\r\n";
return cvtValue;
}
ULONG uObjectCount = 0;
CComPtr<IWbemClassObject> pWmiObject;
hr = pEnum->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, 1, &pWmiObject, &uObjectCount);
if (FAILED(hr) || !pWmiObject)
{
_errors
+= "Failed to get WMI Next result for: '" + convertToUtf8(name) + "'\r\n";
return cvtValue;
}
hr = pWmiObject->Get(name.c_str(), 0, &cvtValue, 0, 0);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
_errors
+= "Failed to get WMI result value for: '" + convertToUtf8(name) + "'\r\n";
}
return cvtValue;
}
// internal: assumes inside a lock
std::string _string(const std::string& name)
{
if (!_all_initialized)
return "";
CComVariant cvtValue = _variant(convertFromUtf8(name).c_str());
std::wstring wValue(cvtValue.bstrVal, SysStringLen(cvtValue.bstrVal));
std::string sValue = convertToUtf8(wValue);
return sValue;
}
// internal: assumes inside a lock
uint32_t _uint32(const std::string& name)
{
if (!_all_initialized)
return 0;
CComVariant cvtValue = _variant(convertFromUtf8(name).c_str());
uint32_t uValue = static_cast<uint32_t>(cvtValue.lVal);
return uValue;
}
// similarly for other internal access of basic types.
// internal: assumes inside a lock
std::vector<std::string> _macAddresses(bool forceReCalculate /*= false*/)
{
if (!_all_initialized)
{
return _macs; // it will still be empty at this point.
}
if (forceReCalculate)
{
_macs.clear();
}
if (_macs.empty())
{
// hr == 0x80041010 == WBEM_E_INVALID_CLASS
// hr == 0x80041017 == WBEM_E_INVALID_QUERY
// hr == 0x80041018 == WBEM_E_INVALID_QUERY_TYPE
CComBSTR cbsQuery = std::wstring(L"Select * from Win32_NetworkAdapter").c_str();
CComPtr<IEnumWbemClassObject> pEnum;
HRESULT hr = _pWbemServices->ExecQuery(
CComBSTR(L"WQL"), cbsQuery, WBEM_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY, NULL, &pEnum);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
_errors += "error: MacAddresses: ExecQuery('"
+ convertToUtf8((LPWSTR)cbsQuery) + "') returned "
+ ToString(hr) + "\r\n";
}
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
ULONG fetched;
VARIANT var;
IWbemClassObject* pclsObj = NULL;
while (pEnum)
{
hr = pEnum->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, 1, &pclsObj, &fetched);
if (0 == fetched)
break;
std::string theMac = "";
VariantInit(&var);
hr = pclsObj->Get(L"MACAddress", 0, &var, 0, 0);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
switch (var.vt)
{
case VT_NULL: break;
case VT_BSTR:
theMac = (var.bstrVal == NULL)
? ""
: convertToUtf8(var.bstrVal);
break;
case VT_LPSTR:
theMac = (var.bstrVal == NULL)
? ""
: (const char*)var.bstrVal;
break;
case VT_LPWSTR:
theMac = (var.bstrVal == NULL)
? ""
: convertToUtf8((LPWSTR)var.bstrVal);
break;
// _could_ be array of BSTR, LPSTR, LPWSTR; unlikely, but ....
case VT_ARRAY | VT_BSTR:
case VT_ARRAY | VT_LPSTR:
case VT_ARRAY | VT_LPWSTR:
_errors += "warning: MacAddresses: unexpected array of addresses";
_errors += "\r\n";
// yet another exercise for the reader :)
break;
default:
_errors += "error: MacAddresses: unexpected VARIANT.vt = "
+ ToString(var.vt) + "\r\n";
break;
}
// local loopback has an empty address?
if (!theMac.empty())
{
_macs.push_back(theMac);
}
}
VariantClear(&var);
pclsObj->Release();
}
}
}
return _macs;
}
...
}
- Jesse Chisholm
0
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <vector>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <Iphlpapi.h>
#include <Assert.h>
#include <string>
#pragma comment(lib, "iphlpapi.lib")
char* getdMacAddresses()
{
IP_ADAPTER_INFO AdapterInfo[32]; // Allocate information for up to 32 NICs
DWORD dwBufLen = sizeof(AdapterInfo); // Save memory size of buffer
DWORD dwStatus = GetAdaptersInfo( // Call GetAdapterInfo
AdapterInfo, // [out] buffer to receive data
&dwBufLen); // [in] size of receive data buffer
//Exit When Error
if (dwStatus != ERROR_SUCCESS)
return "ERROR";
PIP_ADAPTER_INFO pAdapterInfo = AdapterInfo;
char szBuffer[512];
while (pAdapterInfo)
{
if (pAdapterInfo->Type == MIB_IF_TYPE_ETHERNET)
{
sprintf_s(szBuffer, sizeof(szBuffer), "%.2x-%.2x-%.2x-%.2x-%.2x-%.2x"
, pAdapterInfo->Address[0]
, pAdapterInfo->Address[1]
, pAdapterInfo->Address[2]
, pAdapterInfo->Address[3]
, pAdapterInfo->Address[4]
, pAdapterInfo->Address[5]
);
return szBuffer;
}
pAdapterInfo = pAdapterInfo->Next;
}
return "ERROR";
}
- fadi abassi
1
你能否解释一下这将如何解决问题？ - Phani
0
GetAdaptersInfo() 是官方方法，它枚举了所有适配器，包括已断开连接的适配器。
参考此帖子获取示例代码 codeguru
- mgb
3
1不正确。GetAdaptersInfo()无法枚举已禁用的适配器。代码大师的文章甚至指出了这一事实：“最后，即使您的NIC未连接到有效网络（例如，电线甚至没有连接），它也可以正常工作，但是NIC必须在Windows中处于“启用”状态。” - 0xC0DEFACE
1此外，禁用TCP/IP协议的网卡将无法被GetAdaptersInfo()检测到。 - Ian Goldby
GetAdaptersInfo 不会枚举已禁用的适配器。 - Ben Bryant
-1
你可以在XP和Vista上都使用WMI，网上有很多示例。例如： 使用Windows管理工具（WMI）获取MAC地址
- Rob Walker
1
OP 是
C++，而你链接的答案是 VB .NET -- 不是非常匹配。此外，在 某些 XP 系统上，WMI 被禁用或根本没有安装。确保测试从调用返回的 HRESULTS，以便您知道它是否完全初始化。 - Jesse Chisholm网页内容由stack overflow 提供, 点击上面的可以查看英文原文，
原文链接
原文链接