如何在cmd或PowerShell中跟随符号/软链接？

Question

如何在cmd或PowerShell中跟随符号/软链接？

windowspowershellcmdsymlinkshortcut-file

11

我的搜索只告诉我如何在cmd中使用mklink创建符号链接。我看到有些东西说要使用readlink，但PowerShell和cmd不知道readlink是什么，而cd显然也不起作用。那么我该怎么跟随一个符号链接呢？

- Deoxal

3个回答

5

针对您的问题，我制作了这个批处理文件：

mkdir truedir
dir > truedir\fileone.txt
mklink /d symdir truedir
cd symdir
dir

我发现使用命令提示符获取符号链接到目录的内容没有问题。在PowerShell 5.1（win 10）中也没有问题：

Get-ChildItem C:\Users\<user>\OneDrive\Desktop\test2\symdir

你能提供一个代码示例（批处理或PowerShell都可以），以复制你的问题吗？

- bdn02

1

谢谢你的帮助。我以为.lnk文件是符号链接，但现在我意识到这不是情况。你知道如何跟踪一个.lnk吗？如果不知道，我可以创建实际的符号链接。 - Deoxal

1

请查看此处：https://dev59.com/EqXja4cB1Zd3GeqPOUFd - bdn02

1

谢谢您指引我正确的方向。现在我把术语搞清楚了，应该可以做到了。 - Deoxal

1

好的，我刚刚在另一个类似的问题中发布了这个答案，所以我觉得我也应该在这里发布。我希望这个问题能像其他问题一样在搜索中出现，因为@mklement0的答案很棒。但这是我的解决方案，它能够在PowerShell中跟随嵌套链接到真正的文件或目录（我正在寻找PS特定的解决方案，而不是CMD）。

到目前为止，双cd方法是我能找到的处理文件名和目标中混合相对/绝对路径情况最可靠/通用的方法，并且我测试了几种情况。

function getLinkTarget($fn) {
    $op=$PWD #Save original path
    while($t=(Get-Item $fn).Target) { #Get link target
        cd (Split-Path -Parent $fn) #cd to parent of file/dir
        cd (Split-Path -Parent $t) #cd again to parent of target
        $fn=(Split-Path -Leaf $t) #Set filename to relative target
    }
    $fn=(Join-Path $PWD $fn) #Make path absolute
    cd $op #Change back to original path
    return $fn
}

- Pecacheu

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可以查看英文原文，
原文链接

- mklement0 · Accepted Answer

为了避免您的问题产生混淆，需要明确一点：

Windows shortcut files (*.lnk files), which are a feature of the Windows (GUI) shell, are distinct from symbolic links (symlinks), which are a feature of the (NTFS) filesystem.
Shortcut files - which you are interested in - store the path of a file or folder they point to inside the file, which is why:
- You cannot directly cd to a shortcut file's target folder, because filesystem commands such as cd know nothing about the content of files.
- You must read the content of the shortcut file to determine its target, which you can then pass to cd or Set-Location (in PowerShell).
- The file format of shortcut file is a binary one that can be read via an in-box COM component that exposes Windows shell functionality; e.g., to determine the target folder of a shortcut file named Samples.lnk and change to that folder, use PowerShell:
```
# NOTE: * Despite the name "CreateShortcut()", the method is also
#         used to *read* shortcut files.
#       * Prefixing the filename with "$PWD/" is needed in order
#         to target a file in the current directory, because
#         the method doesn't know what PowerShell's current dir. is.
cd (New-Object -ComObject WScript.Shell).CreateShortcut("$PWD/Samples.lnk").TargetPath
```
Symlinks, by contrast:
- (typically) transparently redirect to their target, i.e., the filesystem item (file or folder) they point to.
- You can therefore use cd directly with a symlink to a folder, but note that it is still the symlink's path that is shown.
- To print a symlink's target - akin to what the readlink utility does on Unix-like platforms - use PowerShell; e.g., to print the target of a symlink named Samples in the current directory:
```
 (Get-Item Samples).Target

 # Or, after running `cd Samples`:
 (Get-Item .).Target
```
- Note that it's not straightforward to get a symlink's target in cmd.exe, but if you use
  dir /al <link-path>*, the listing will also show the link's target path, after the name, enclosed in [...]; note that the trailing * is necessary in order to show information about the link itself, not its target's contents; note that, although unlikely, that may match other links that start with the same path as well.

与快捷方式不同，符号链接在Windows世界中仍然很少见，这主要是因为在Windows 10之前，它们无论如何都需要管理员权限才能创建；在Windows 10中，如果开启开发者模式（由管理员），即使是非管理员用户/非提升进程现在也可以创建符号链接-请参见https://blogs.windows.com/buildingapps/2016/12/02/symlinks-windows-10/，其中还解释了为什么符号链接未来可能会越来越常见。